• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.531-537
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• 2006

Lactic acid-producing bacteria (LABs) are known to have various beneficial properties for health. However, they are generally considered to have an adverse effect on teeth, since they produce acid. Nonetheless, milk and cheese containing specific LAB strains were recently found to have an inhibitory effect on dental caries in children, with an inhibitory activity towards the growth of Streptococcus mutans suggested as the responsible mechanism. Accordingly, the current study selected a probiotic candidate for oral health and studied its inhibitory mechanism against dental caries. Twenty-two LAB species belonging to eleven genuses were screened for promoting bone nodule formation using direct microscopic examination. Only one isolate, Weissella kimchii strain PL9001, increased the bone nodule formation significantly. The addition of W. kimchii strain PL9001 to bone cells prepared from mouse calvaria increased the bone nodule formation, calcium accumulation, and activity of alkaline phosphatase (the osteoblastic marker). Moreover, W. kimchii strain PL9001 inhibited the invasion of Streptococcus mutans into bone cells, and an organic extract of the culture supernatant of W. kimchii strain PL9001 inhibited the growth of Strep. mutans. Therefore, the results suggest that W. kimchii strain PL9001 can be used as a preventive measure against dental caries. This is the first time that a LAB has been shown to promote bone nodule formation and prevent the invasion of Strep. mutans into bone cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1242-1248
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• 2017

Several medicinal plants are ethnomedically used in Korea as agents for treating infection, anti-inflammation, and pain relief. However, beyond typical inhibitory effects on cell growth, little is known about the potential anti-biofilm activity of these herbs, which may help to prevent cavities and maintain good oral health. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of the methanol extracts of 37 Korean medicinal plants against dental pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, which synergize their virulence so as to induce the formation of plaque biofilms in the oral cavity. The antimicrobial activities were investigated by broth dilution and disk diffusion assay. The anti-biofilm and antioxidant activities were evaluated based on the inhibitory effect against glucosyltransferase (GTase) and the DPPH assay, respectively. Among 37 herbs, eight plant extracts presented growth and biofilm inhibitory activities against both etiologic bacteria. Among them, the methanol extracts (1.0 mg/ml) from Camellia japonica and Thuja orientalis significantly inhibited the growth of both bacteria by over 76% and over 83% in liquid media, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of these methanol extracts were determined to be 0.5 mg/ml using a disk diffusion assay on solid agar media. Biofilm formation was inhibited by more than 92.4% and 98.0%, respectively, using the same concentration of each extract. The present results demonstrate that the medicinal plants C. japonica and T. orientalis are potentially useful as antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents in preventing dental diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2001

Ethanol extracts of 38 vegetables were subjected to an in vitro screening for their growth-inhibitory activities towards Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, Clostridium perfringens, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, and Escherichia coli using paper disc agar diffusion methods under anaerobic conditions. The responses varied with both bacterial strain and vegetable species. In a test with 20 mg/disc, Zingiber officinale extracts showed significant growth-inhibitory responses against B. bifidum, and strong inhibitions against L. casei were detected in the extracts of Chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum and Lactuca sativa. The extracts of Allium sativum, Capsicum annuum, L. esculentum, L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, and Z. officinale showed strong inhibitory activities against C. perfringens, while moderate growth-inhibitory responses were observed in the extracts of C. ffutescens, Cucurbita moschata, Daucus carota var. sativa, and Rubus coreanus. However, all vegetable extracts showed no inhibitions against B. longum, L. acidophilus, and E. coli. In tests with 5 mg/disc, moderate inhibitions were observed in the extracts of C. coronarium var. spatiosum and L. sativa against L. casei and Z. officinale against B. bifidum. Vegetables extracts, except for C. coronarium var. spatiosum, L. sativa, and Z. officinale, did not affect the growth of beneficial bacteria. Strong inhibitory responses against C. perfringens were detected in the extracts of C. annuum and L. esculentum var. cerasiforme. Daily intake of vegetables may be important in the prevention of human diseases caused by the intestinal bacteria.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.264-273
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• 2008

The inhibitory effect of omega-3 such as linolenic acid (LNA), docosahexaenoic acid (DNA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) on the growth of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyItetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2,3-bis-2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide (XTT) methods. LNA was found to decrease the cell viability of human oral epithelioid carcinoma cells (KB) in the MTT assay, whereas EPA appeared to inhibit the cell adhesion activity of human skin melanoma cells (SK-MEL-3) in the XTT assay analysis. DPPH radical scavenging activity was examined on LNA, DHA and EPA at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}M$, where they showed about 53% scavenging activity. These results suggest that omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid has a potential anticancer activity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 1995

We found that bufalln, one of the prominent components of the bufadlenolides in the Chinese medicine chan'su, has the potent inhibitory effects on growth and proliferation of the cultured bovine aortlc endothelial (BAE) and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells. All naturally-occuring bufadienolides used in this study inhibited the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, bufalin among the bufadienolides showed the strongest inhibitory activity for the cell growth. The order of growth inhibition by bufadienolides on BAE cells was as follows: bufalin > gamabufotalln > bufotalln > cinobufagin > cinobufotalin > resibufogenin. The $IC_50$ values (50% inhibition of cell growth) of bufalin as determined by XTT assay were the range of 1-10 nM in BAE and HUVE cells. Bufalin exhibited a higher sensitivity towards cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells than human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.2 s.95
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• pp.115-122
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• 2007

Methanol extracts of Perilla and Mugwort were stepwise extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Anti-microbial activities and inhibitory effect on growth of oral tumor cell of each extract were investigated. Each extracts of Perilla and Mugwort were investigated to anti-microbial effects on oral microbes by means of agar diffusion method and MIC. These results suggest that the hexane extracts of Perilla and Mugwort have antimicrobial activities against S. mutans and potent inhibitory Effect to KB cell growth.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.646-649
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• 2005

Human neuronal growth inhibitory factor (GIF), a metalloprotein classified as metallothionein-3, is specifically expressed in mammal central nervous system (CNS). In these Studies the specific antibody to human GIF was prepared and used to search the epitope of human GIF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and sequence comparison. The result of ELISA showed the epitope of human GIF may locate on a octapeptide (EAAEAEAE) in the $\alpha$-domain of human GIF, and the result of nerve cell culture indicated that the biological activity of GIF may be affected by the specific antibody.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2002

The phototoxicity inhibitory activity of 15 natural products having antiinflammatory effect was screened by three in vitro methods: yeast growth inhibition test with Candida albicans, RBC photohemolysis and MTT assay. We induced phototoxic reaction by irradiating UVA (365 nm) on chlorpromazine (CPZ) that has been widely documented as phototoxic agent in clinical and experimental studies and then observed the effects of the natural products after treating them with CPZ. In yeast growth inhibition test, X. stramonium showed the inhibitory effect on the UVA phototoxicity and E. officinalis, Yeast, P. suffruticosa showed phototoxicity inhibitory effect in that their ％ hemolysis compared with control were 36.14${\pm}$ 2.69, 42.82${\pm}$1.35, 36.41${\pm}$0.48 on UVA. In MTT assay, all tested natural products increased cell viability compared with the control.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.857-863
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity, Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, nitrate synthesis inhibitory activity, and antiproliferation inhibitory effect on ethanol extract and its solvent fractions of $Coreopsis$ $tinctoria$ Nutt. Ethyl acetate fraction was the strongest at 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) ($IC_{50}=0.100mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and 2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenozothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (15.785 mg AA $eq{\cdot}10mg^{-1}$) radical scavenging activity, ACE (40.96% at $1mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase ($IC_{50}=0.125mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) inhibitory effect among the solvent fractions. Nitrate synthesis inhibitory activity of ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction effectively inhibited NO formation in a dose-dependent manner without the cytotoxic effect. Ethanol extract and its solvent fractions inhibited growth of HCT-116 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. n-Hexane fraction showed the highest antiproliferation inhibitory effect of $0.041mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ among fractions.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.365-369
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• 2005

The inhibitory effect of ferulic acid and related phenolic compounds on the growth of normal cell lines and can­cer cell line was evaluated by the MTT and XTT methods. Ferulic acid decreased the cell viability of human skin melanoma cells by the MTT method and the cell adhesion activity of human oral epithelioid carcinoma cells by the XTT method. These results suggest that ferulic acid has a potential anticancer activity.