• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3207-3210
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• 2014

Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer characterized by rapidly progressive breast erythema, pain and tenderness, oedema and paeu d'orange appearance. It accounts for 1-3% of all newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer in the west. Data on IBC from India are lacking. The aim of our study was to assess the clinical-pathological parameters and outcome of IBC at, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, a large tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: We screened 3,650 breast cancer cases registered from January 2004 to December 2012 and found 41 cases of IBC. Data included demographics as well as clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics, and were collected from clinical case records using the International Classification of Diseases code (C-50). Patients who presented with IBC as a recurrence, or who had a neglected and advanced breast cancer that simulated an IBC were excluded from this study. Results: The median age was 45 years (range 23-66). The median duration of symptoms was 5 months. The American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (AJCC) distribution was Stage III - 26 and IV - 15 patients. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) positivity and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) positivity were 50%, 46% and 60%, respectively. Triple negativity was found in 15% of the cases. All the non metastatic IBC patients received anthracycline and/ or taxane based chemotherapy followed by modified radical mastectomy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy as indicated. Pathological complete remission rate was 15%. At a median follow-up of 30 months, the 3 year relapse free survival and overall survival were 30% and 40%respectively. Conclusion: IBC constituted 1.1% of all breast cancer patients at our centre. One third of these had metastatic disease at presentation. Hormone positivity and Her2 neu positivity were found in 50% and 60% of the cases, respectively.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2006

대전광역시 유성구 덕진동 한국원자력연구소에 위치한 지하처분연구시설은 2003년 부지조사를 시작으로 최근에 완공하였다. 이 곳의 지질은 약한 변성작용을 받은 지역으로 소규모 단열이 잘 발달되어 있는 곳이다. 단열을 따라서 많은 종류의 이차충전광물들이 존재하지만, 그 중에서 광범위하게 분포하고 지하 핵종 이동에 상당한 영향을 끼치는 방해석의 광물학적 특징을 살펴보았다. 지하처분연구시설 암석 단열에 분포하는 방해석은 다른 이차광물들과 유사하게 단열대를 따라 분포하며, 부분적으로 두꺼운 층을 형성하기도 한다. 방해석으로 충전되어 있는 대부분의 단열대에는 석영, 철 산화물 및 돌로마이트 등이 소량 부성분 광물로 존재하고 있다. 방해석 결정은 일정한 방향성을 가지고 성장한 모습을 보여주고 있으며, 피복 물질로 산화철 광물인 침철석이 방해석 표면으로부터 성장하는데, 주로 방해석 결정의 가장자리 부근과 상부 표면의 용식된 부분에서 과밀하게 성장하고 있다. 터널 벽체의 숏크리트에서 녹아 나온 성분들이 침전되어 새로운 방해석 결정들이 형성되었는데, 지하수의 성분 및 흐름에 의해 형태 변화가 있었다. 단열충전광물 중 방해석은 지하수 화학특성을 변화시키고 핵종의 흡착 거동에 큰 영향을 끼치는 광물로, 본 연구에서 관찰된 방해석의 결정학적 구조 및 표면 특성은 추후 핵종 이동 실험시 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1965

Powdery mildew of Ailanthus altissima Sw. was first reported by J.S. Park in Korea, 1961. According to his report, this disease was found on the leaves of this tree species collected in Jeongup, 1957, and in Taejon, 1958. He described morphological characters of this pathogen and described also that the causal fungus may be closely related with Phyllactinia corylea. This disease which appears dusty grayish yellow molds under surface of leaves was collected again by the author in Kwangju, 1962. The present works were undertaken to make clear the species of causal fungus by means of the morphology and pathogenecity. According to the following results, the pathogen was identified as Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst. Morphological characters of the fungus Mycelia persistent or more or less evanescent; matured conidia solitary, aseptate, short-clavate to clavate to clavate, hyaline or yellowish, granulate, $44.6-89.2{\times}9.3-24.2{\mu}$, average $64.8-17.8{\mu}$ in size; conidiophores elongate clavate or columnar, hyaline, 2-3 septate, $122.8-346.0{\times}3.7-7.4{\mu}$, average $208.8{\times}6.3{\mu}$; per-thecia usually scattered, rarely gregarious, dark brown to black, depressed globose to globose, $223.2-297.6{\mu}$, average $267.8{\mu}$ in diameter; appendages 12-19, usually 15 in number, hyaline, straight, needle-shaped, sharply pointed at the apex and bulbous at the base, aseptate, $93.0-310.0{\times}5.0-8.0{\mu}$, average $173.3{\times}6.4{\mu}$ in size; asci elongate ellipsoidal to broadly clavate, hyaline, more or less stalked, 8-13 in number, $68.5-76.6{\times}26.1-34.2{\mu}$, average $71.4{\times}29.0{\mu}$ in size; ascospores 2-4, usually 2 in number, hyaline or yellowish, aseptate, ellipsoidal or ovate, $27.7-34.2{\times}14.7-17.9{\mu}$, average $25.5{\times}13.9{\mu}$ in size. Pathogenicity of the fungi In order to make clear the species of the fungus and the pathogenic differences of Phyllactinia fungi which are collected around the contaminated area and seemed to be related to Ailanthus powdery mildew, some inoculation experiments were performed. 1. Cross inoculation to several tree species with their pathogen: Tested materials; Phyllactinia in question on Ailanthus altissima Sw. Ph. fraxini (DC.) Homma. On Alnus firma S. et Z. Ph. moricola (P. Henn.) Homma on morus alba L. According to the results of the experiments, the reactions were all negative with the exception of the original hosts of tested fungi. 2. Inoculation to Picrasma ailanthoides Planch. : The appearance of symptom on the leaves of P. ailanthoides is not distinct, but more or less mycelial growth. Therefore, under the optimal condition in glass chamber, it may be possible to success artificially.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.555-564
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• 2005

본 연구는 비육돈에 대한 황토의 주성분인 zeolite의 첨가효과를 구명하기 위하여 증체량, 사료요구율, 육질, 악취제거 및 경제성 등을 조사하였으며 생후 93일령의 비육돈 120두(4처리$\time$3반복$\time$10두)를 공시하여 출하시까지 70일간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 일당증체량은 비육돈 전기의 경우 zeolite 4% 첨가구가 1.00kg으로서 대조구의 0.8kg에 비하여 약 25%로 크게 향상되었다(P<0.05). 그러나 비육돈 후기의 일당 증체량은 대조구(0.78kg)를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 0.74-0.83kg으로서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 사료요구율은 시험 전기간 동안 대조구에서는 3.43으로서 가장 높았으며, 그 다음은 zeolite 1%구와 2%로서 각각 3.24와 3.13이었으며 zeolite 3% 첨가구는 3.00으로서 약 7.4%의 개선효과가 나타났다(P<0.05). 시험 전기간 동안의 $NH_3$ 가스 발생량은 zeolite 4% 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 약 33.9-53.9%의 개선효과가 나타났다(P<0.05). 도체중과 등지방 두께는 대조구와 zeolite 첨가구 간에 차이가 없었으며, A등급 출현율은 zeolite 4% 첨가구가 60.00%로서 대조구의 36.67%에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 경제성 분석 결과, 증체 kg당 사료비는 zeolite 4% 첨가구는 910원, 2% 첨가구는 919원, 1% 첨가구는 941원 및 대조구는 982원으로서 zeolite를 4% 첨가함으로써 개선효과가 크게 나타났다. 이상의 결과, 비육돈에 대하여 zeolite를 4% 수준으로 첨가․급여하면 사료요구율, 육질 A등급 출현율, 분내 암모니아가스 발생량 및 경제성면에서 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.14.1-14.12
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• 2018

Background: Sheep production is a major component of the livestock sector in Ethiopia. The country owing to the large population of 30.70 million estimated numbers of sheep in the country and out of which about 72.14% are females, and 27.86% are males with diverse genetic resources. The real value of indigenous breeds was often under-estimated mostly due to their poor appearance and relatively low productivity. Developing countries in most cases opt for exotic breeds to increase animal productivity through crossbreeding or breed substitution without properly investigating the production potential of the indigenous breeds. The main objective of the research was to identify sheep flock composition and structure, farmers' traits of interest and breeding objective of Wollo highland sheep, and their $F_1$ crossbreed progenies. Results: Smallholder farmers' flock synthesized from breeding ewes, breeding rams, pre-weaned ewe lambs, pre-weaned ram lambs, unproductive ewes, castrated and fattened rams, with the percentage coverage of 29.2, 13.3, 15.5, 16.5, 12.4, and 12.5%, respectively. The maximum number of flock size was 289.0 sheep per flock and higher in the third stratum. The off-take rate percentage of the three strata presented as 21.9% in 1st stratum, 12% in the 2nd stratum, and 16.4% in the 3rd stratum and higher off-take rate recorded in the first stratum. Sheep producer's traits of interest ranked by growth rate (first), body size (second) and marketing value was third rank. Communal breeding (random mating), village based controlled breeding, mixed type and private ram controlled breeding practice were comprised of 39.7, 61.7, 52 and 71.3%, respectively. The percentages of ewes per flock composition were presented as 36.5, 27.1 and 25.5%, respectively in the 3rd stratum, 2nd stratum and 3rd stratum in the order of their importance's. Conclusion: Genetic improvement practices at smallholder sheep producers situation was showing promising outcome with indigenous Washera $F_1$ crossbred lambs and which designated for weaning rate, body size, marketing age, age at first lambing, good temperament and large litter size in the order of their rank. The contemporary breeding practice tendency indicated that, reduced flock size to improve flock productivity via crossbreeding practices.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권45호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 애니메이션 작품에서 캐릭터를 통해 보여 지는 자아유형을 통해 작품의 서사구조와 관계성을 연구하고자 한다. 애니메이션을 관람하는 수용자는 전문적 지식의 여부와 상관없이 감상하는 동안 인지적으로 작품의 공감여부를 판단할 수 있다. 수용자가 느끼는 공감에 대한 선행 연구들의 내용을 살펴보면 요소들이 연구되어 있는데 그 중 캐릭터가 전달하는 '스토리에 얼 만큼 공감할 수 있는가'가 가장 중요한 요소로 도출되어 있다. '공감'한다는 것은 캐릭터의 감정에 감응한다는 것으로 단순히 외관과 미장센으로 드러나는 시각적 현상에만 집중되는 것이 아니라 행동과 실천으로 관계 맺어나가는'자아'에서 시작된다. 즉, 등장인물간의 자아 유형과 그 관계성에 대한 깊이 있는 통찰로 부터 시작된다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 한국에서 27부작으로 TV에 방영된 일본 애니메이션 <천원돌파 그렌라간>의 주인공인 시몬의 자아유형에 대해 분석하고 매회 성장하는 과정에서 주변 인물들과의 관계를 어떤 패턴으로 의미구조화 하는지 분석해 보고자 한다. 본 작품을 분석함에 있어 사건의 짜임과 연출부분의 전달력 보다는 스토리에 담긴 캐릭터의 자아형성과정과 관계성의 완성도와 구조에 대해 분석해 봄으로써 애니메이션이 유머와 재미만 전달하는 것이 아닌 깊이 있는 자아통찰의 영역까지 담보해야한다는 것을 주장하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.587-598
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• 2010

몇 가지 멀칭 재료가 감자의 생육과 잡초 방제에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 충북대학교 부속농장에서 2008년 8월 9일부터 2009년 6월 28일까지 수행하였다. 시험 품종은 '수미'였으며, 솔잎, 참나무잎, 짚, 왕겨, 톱밥 멀칭과 대조구(무멀칭) 등 6처리를 하였다. 재배시기에 따라 가을재배와 봄재배로 구분하였다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가을감자의 초장, 경장, 엽장, 엽중, 괴경중은 솔잎 멀칭구에서 다른 처리와 유의성을 나타냈다. 가을감자 재배시 우점 잡초는 돌피, 명아주이었으며, 봄감자 재배시 우점 잡초는 돌피, 방동사니이었다. 멀칭에 따른 잡초 발생 억제 효과는 모든 멀칭구가 대조구와 유의성을 나타냈다. 수분함량은 왕겨 멀칭구에서 가장 높아 대조구와 차이를 나타냈다. 멀칭 처리구의 지온은 대조구에 비해 가을감자 재배시 $1.0{\sim}2.8^{\circ}C$ 낮았고, 봄감자 재배시 $0.7{\sim}2.3^{\circ}C$ 낮았다. 멀칭재료에 따른 지온은 솔잎 멀칭구, 짚 멀칭구, 낙엽 멀칭구, 왕겨 멀칭구, 톱밥 멀칭구, 대조구 순으로 낮았다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.447-457
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• 1990

In order to observe the distribution of mast cell on the stages of the mammary carcinogenesis, the numerical changes of mast cells in the mammary tumor development in rats treated with DMBA and compound 48/80 have been investigated by the light microscope. The results observed were summarized as follows: The appearance of tumor were not observed during the whole experimental period in the rats of the control group received injection of sterile saline, but tumors appeared in 100% of the animals, the tumor induction time that represented the number of days elapsing between the 3rd DMBA administration until a first tumor became $10{\times}10mm$ in diameter was $42.5{\pm}4.7$ days and the mean number of tumor masses per rat was $3.4{\pm}1.2$ in the DMBA treated group. And the majority of the DMBA-induced mammary neoplasms were appeared cervical mammary gland and thoracic mammary gland. The histological findings of mammary carcinoma were recognized adenocarcinoma in the DMBA treated group. Mast cells were distributed within the adipose tissues and the interglandular connective tissue in the control, but found to be randomly dispersed within the tumor cell masses, in the connective tissues adjacent to the periphery of the tumor, the adipose tissues and the subcutaneous tissues contiguous to the region of tumor development in the DMBA treated group. Numerical alterations of mast cells were observed in the mammary tumors that separated into three major classes of tumors: hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma. The number of mast cells were distributed in the connective tissues adjacent to the mammary gland was $45.3{\pm}3.4$ cells in the control group, but was $50.2{\pm}4.9$ cells, $126.7{\pm}10.5$ cells and $340.3{\pm}19.2$ cells according to each stages of mammary tumorigenesis in the DMBA treated group.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

Serial ultrasonographic examinations were daily performed from 15 days after ovulation until parturition to determine the time of first detection and ultrasonographic appearance of the fetal and extra-fetal structures in pregnant 10 Maltese, 10 Yorkshire Terrier, 15 Shih-tzu, and 10 Miniature Schnauzer bitches, respectively. Gestational age was timed from the day of ovulation (day 0), which was estimated to occur when plasma progesterone concentration was first increased above 4.0ng/ml. The gestational length was $63.4{\sim}63.6$ (range: $61{\sim}65$) days and the geatational length was no statistically significant difference among bitches (p>0.05). The initial detection of the extra-fetal structures were; gestational sac at days $18.9{\sim}19.5\;(17{\sim}22)$, zonary placenta at days $24.6{\sim}25.5\;(23{\sim}28)$, yolk sac membrane at days $24.6{\sim}25.5\;(23{\sim}27)$, yolk sac tubular shape at days $26.1{\sim}26.3\;(24{\sim}28)$, and amniotic membrane at days $26.1{\sim}28.2\;(24{\sim}31)$, respectively. The time of the first detection of the extra-fetal structures were no statistically significant difference among bitches (p>0.05). The initial detection of the fetal structures were; embryo initial detection at days $22.5{\sim}22.9\;(21{\sim}24)$, heartbeat at days $23.2{\sim}23.8\;(21{\sim}25)$, embryo bipolar shape $27.6{\sim}28.9\;(26{\sim}30)$, fetal movement at days $31.9{\sim}32.8\;(27{\sim}34)$, limb buds at days $29.1{\sim}30.7\;(27{\sim}33)$, stomach at days $31.1{\sim}33.1\;(29{\sim}34)$, urinary bladder at days $32.4{\sim}33.2\;(29{\sim}35)$, skeleton at days $34.7{\sim}35.9\;(34{\sim}39)$, and kidney at days $42.1{\sim}44.7\;(41{\sim}48)$, respectively. The the time of the first detection of the fetal structures were no statistically significant difference among bitches (p>0.05). These results indicate the evaluation of the time of first detection and ultrasonographic characteristics of the gestational structures might be useful for pregnancy diagnosis, estimating fetal age, embryonic resorption, fetal monster, abnormal fetal growth and fetal viability, respectively.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.247-254
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• 1996

Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 9 pregnant Korea Jin-do dog from days 15 to 60 to determine the size of gestational structures throughout pregnancy. Gestational age was timed from the day of ovulation (Day 0), which was estimated to occur when plasma progesterone concentration was first increased above 4.0 ng/ml. Extra-fetal structures were measureable from days 17 to 49. Outer uterine diameter increased from $7.0{\pm}0.7$ ($mean{\pm}SD$)mm at day 17 to $54.0{\pm}2.2mm$ at day 49 and inner chorionic cavity diameter increased from $3.0{\pm}0.7mm$ at day 17 to $37.5{\pm}0.6mm$ at day 49. Uterine wall thickness increased from $2.8{\pm}0.4mm$ at day 17 to $8.3{\pm}0.5mm$ at day 49, placental thickness increased from $1.0{\pm}0.1mm$ at day 22 to $5.7{\pm}0.2mm$ at day 49 and length of chorionic cavity or zonary placenta increased from $5.5{\pm}1.3mm$ at day 20 to $52.3{\pm}2.2mm$ at day 49. Inner chorionic cavity diameter, outer uterine diameter and placental length each increased at a linear rate through day 37, after which time, each had a marked plateau in growth. Of the extra-fetal structures, inner chorionic cavity diameter was the most accurate for estimation of gestational age until day 37. Fetal structures were measureable from days l7 to 60. Crown-rump length, increased from $3.0{\pm}0.7mm$ at day 22 to $118.7{\pm}3.1mm$ at day 49, fetal body diameter increased from $4.0{\pm}0.7mm$ at day 25 to $55.8{\pm}1.7mm$ at day 60 and fetal head diameter increased from $4.3{\pm}0.6mm$ at day 26 to $29.8{\pm}0.8mm$ at day 60. Of the fetal structures, fetal head diameter was the most accurate for estimation of gestational age from day 37 until day 60.