• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.8C
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• pp.832-837
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• 2005

This paper presents a design method for fixed-width squarer that receives a W-bit input and produces a W-bit squared product. To efficiently compensate for the quantization error, modified Booth encoder signals (not multiplier coefficients) are used for the generation of error compensation bias. The truncated bits are divided into two groups (major/minor group) depending upon their effects on the quantization error. Then, different error compensation methods are applied to each group. By simulations, it is shown that the performance of the proposed method is close to that of the rounding method and much better than that of the truncation method and conventional method. It is also shown that the proposed method leads to up to $28\%\;and\;27\%$ reduction in area and power consumption compared with the ideal squarers, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1798-1809
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to develop new Z-Factors to evaluate the behavior of circumferential surface crack in ferritic steel piping including base metal and Submerged Arc Weld(SAW) metal in nuclear power plant. The Z-factor is a load multiplier to convert plastic load to elasto-plastic load. However the current Z-Factor is a load multiplier to convert plastic load to elasto-plastic load. However the current Z-Factor gives too conservative results. In this study, a J-estimation method, SC.TNP method, which is based on GE/EPRI expression, is used to develop new Z-Factors. The desirabilities of both the SC.TNP mehtod and the new Z-Factors are examined using the previous experimental results for the circumferential surface crack in ferritic steel pippings. The results are as follows ; (1) The SC.TNP mehtod is good for describing the circumferential surface crack behavior in farritic steel pipings, while the well-known R6 mehtod and DPFAD method give too conservative results. (2) The ASME-Z-Factor method using nwe Z-Factors well predicts the behavior of circumferential surface crack in ferritic steel pipings including base emtal and SAW metal.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.25-37
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• 2017

The paper is basically designed to investigate how regional consumption affects to regional income in Korea by introducing a model with panel cointegration, rational expectation and FM-OLS cointegration methodology. Empirical evidence reveals that the regional income could be stimulated by manipulating the regional consumption due to the fact that current regional consumption and first-lagged regional income are positively related to the level of regional income. Although there exists a possibility to increase the regional income which is associated with a spending multiplier in the group of regions with highly calculated MPC, but not in the groups of regions with middle and low calculated MPCs. To this end, it could be tentatively concluded that market-oriented system should be implemented elaborately to enable that the spending multipliers are appropriately operated in these two groups.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.505-518
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• 2022

This study introduces soil resistance multipliers at locations encompassed by the zone of influence of the helix plate to consider the added lateral resistance provided to the helical pile. The zone of influence of a helix plate is a function of its diameter and serves as a boundary condition for the modified soil resistance springs. The concept is based on implementing p-multipliers as a reduction factor for piles in group action. The application of modified p-y springs in the analysis of helical piles allows for better characterization and understanding of the lateral behavior of helical piles, which will help further the development of design methods. To execute the proposed method, a finite difference program, HPCap (Helical Pile Capacity), was developed by the authors using Matlab. The program computes the deflection, shear force, bending moment, and soil resistance of the helical pile and allows the user to freely input the value of the zone of influence and Ω (a coefficient that affects the value of the p-multiplier). Results from ten full-scale lateral load tests on helical piles embedded at depths of 3.0 m with varying shaft diameters, shaft thicknesses, and helix configurations were analyzed to determine the zone of influence and the magnitude of the p-multipliers. The analysis determined that the value of the p-multipliers is influenced by the ratio between the pile embedment length and the shaft diameter (D_p), the effective helix diameter (D_h-D_p), and the zone of influence. Furthermore, the zone of influence is recommended to be 1.75 times the helix diameter (D_h). Using the numerical analysis method presented in this study, the predicted deflections of the various helical pile cases showed good agreement with the observed field test results.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

The non-commutative torus $A_{\omega}=C^*(\mathbb{Z}^n,{\omega})$ may be realized as the $C^*$-algebra of sections of a locally trivial $C^*$-algebra bundle over $\widehat{S_{\omega}}$ with fibres $C^*(\mathbb{Z}^n/S_{\omega},{\omega}_1)$ for some totally skew multiplier ${\omega}_1$ on $\mathbb{Z}^n/S_{\omega}$. It is shown that $A_{\omega}{\otimes}M_l(\mathbb{C})$ has the trivial bundle structure if and only if $\mathbb{Z}^n/S_{\omega}$ is torsion-free.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1994

For a given $C^{*}$-dynamical system (A, G, .alpha.) with a G-simple $C^{*}$-algebra A (that is A has no proper .alpha.-invariant ideal) many authors have studied the simplicity of a $C^{*}$-crossed product A $x_{\alpha{r}}$ G. In [1] topological freeness of an action is shown to guarantee the simplicity of the reduced $C^{*}$-crossed product A $x_{\alpha{r}}$ G when A is G-simple. In this paper we investigate the pure infiniteness of a simple $C^{*}$-crossed product A $x_{\alpha}$ G of a purely infinite simple $C^{*}$-algebra A and a topologically free action .alpha. of a finite group G, and find a sufficient condition in terms of the action on the spectrum of the multiplier algebra M(A) of A. Showing this we also prove that some extension of a topologically free action is still topologically free.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.787-792
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• 2015

To accomplish a high-speed test on low-speed automatic test equipment (ATE), a new instruction-based fully programmable memory built-in self-test (BIST) is proposed. The proposed memory BIST generates a highspeed internal clock signal by multiplying an external low-speed clock signal from an ATE by a clock multiplier embedded in a DRAM. For maximum programmability and small area overhead, the proposed memory BIST stores the unique sets of instructions and corresponding test sequences that are implicit within the test algorithms that it receives from an external ATE. The proposed memory BIST is managed by an external ATE on-the-fly to perform complicated and hard-to-implement functions, such as loop operations and refresh-interrupts. Therefore, the proposed memory BIST has a simple hardware structure compared to conventional memory BIST schemes. The proposed memory BIST is a practical test solution for reducing the overall test cost for the mass production of commodity DDRx SDRAMs.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.193-205
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• 2001

In this study the behavior of pile groups is investigated experimentally. Special attention is given to the load transfer characteristics of pile groups and to the evaluation of the group effects under vertical and horizontal loadings. In the laboratory experiments, vertical and lateral loadings were imposed on model piles in sand. Model piles made of PVC embedded in Joomoonjin sand were used in this study. Pile arrangements($2\times2,\; 3\times3$) and pile spacings(2.5D, 5.OD, 7.5D) were considered. Load-transfer curves(t-z, q-z and p-y curves), load-deflection curves and group interaction factors were obtained from the experimental results. The group interaction factors under both vertical and horizontal loadings were proposed for the cases of $2\times2\; and\; 3\times3$ pile groups with varying ratios of pile spacings. p-multipliers in this study were found for the individual piles in $2\times2\; and\; 3\times3$ pile groups.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a partial product addition method using variable groups in the design of operators such as multipliers and digital filters. By this method, full adders can be replaced with simple logic circuits. To show the efficiency of the proposed method, we applied the method to the design of squarers and precomputer blocks of FIR filters. In case of 7 bit and 8 bit squarers, it is shown that by the proposed method, area, power and delay time can be reduced up to {22.1%, 20.1%, 14%} and {24.7%, 24.4%, 6.7%}, respectively, compared with the conventional method. The proposed FIR precomputer circuit leads to up to {63.6%, 34.4%, 9.8%} reduction in area, power consumption and propagation delay compared with previous method.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2023

The latest revision of AS/NZS 1170.2 incorporates some new research and knowledge on strong winds, climate change, and shape factors for new structures of interest such as solar panels. Unlike most other jurisdictions, Australia and New Zealand covers a vast area of land, a latitude range from 11° to 47°S climatic zones from tropical to cold temperate, and virtually every type of extreme wind event. The latter includes gales from synoptic-scale depressions, severe convectively-driven downdrafts from thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, downslope winds, and tornadoes. All except tornadoes are now covered within AS/NZS 1170.2. The paper describes the main features of the 2021 edition with emphasis on the new content, including the changes in the regional boundaries, regional wind speeds, terrain-height, topographic and direction multipliers. A new 'climate change multiplier' has been included, and the gust and turbulence profiles for over-water winds have been revised. Amongst the changes to the provisions for shape factors, values are provided for ground-mounted solar panels, and new data are provided for curved roofs. New methods have been given for dynamic response factors for poles and masts, and advice given for acceleration calculations for high-rise buildings and other dynamically wind-sensitive structures.