• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

Annual power consumption of our country is positioned in the upper percentile in the world, and because the proportion of fossil power generation is high, which ranks the 10th $CO_2$ emission country. In this regard, government has established and is implementing the National Energy Basic Plan to realize to get out of fossilization in energy supply while focusing on securing the technology for renewable energy as well as its commercialization in order to reduce greenhouse gas. Resource recovery technology for deep seawater thermal energy which is one of renewable energies is newly getting attention domestically as well as in overseas for securing resources and environmental improvement as a core technology for multilateral use of marine resources for low carbon and green growth. Economic feasibility analysis was conducted for the research and development as follows on the use of ocean thermal energy conversion and seawater air conditioning. First, in the case of power generation using deep seawater and warm discharge water from ocean thermal energy conversion plant of 1MW level, it is judged that the economic feasibility is insufficient but the feasibility will be significantly improved if we consider not only power generation but also drinking water and certified emission reduction by developing the power plant to the size for commercialization. Second, the economic feasibility for the use of deep seawater as air conditioning for the power plant of 1,000RT level turned out to be very good. Especially, when we consider certified emission reduction, it will be possible to secure sufficient economic feasibility. When we use it in connection with ocean thermal energy conversion, water conversion and agricultural and fishery use, it is judged that economic ripple effect will be significant and therefore it will be necessary to conduct research and development for early commercialization, distribution and diffusion of deep seawater energy.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2011

Recent outbreak of new diseases and pests which were introduced from abroad, seriously hampered both quality and safety of paprika fruits. This study has been carried out to aid an establishment of guideline for safe use of pesticides and reduction of their residues on paprika. Systemic fungicides boscalid and pyraclostrobin of either mixed (a.i.; 13.6+6.8%) or single (a.i.; 47 and 18.8%, respectively) water dispersible granule formulation(WG) products were sprayed with recommended or double dosage on paprika grown in green house at March and June. To draw pre-harvest residue limit, residues of each fungicide were analyzed from fruits collected eight times from 18 to 1 day pre-harvest. The biological half-lives of both boscalid and pyraclostrobin in mixed formulation in March and June were slightly shorter than those of single formulation which ranged from 14.4 to 20.1 days. Residue levels of both fungicides of single formulation in fruits in June were about one lower compared to those in March. However, application of double dosage frequently exceeded MRLs from fruits grown both seasons. These results showed that residue levels on fruits persisted longer period of time, more than two weeks, and so the case applied in winter season. The dissipation of fungicides on leaves and fruits was compared. The distribution of both fungicides in leaves was 20-200 times higher than that of fruits and persisted up to 18 days of pre-harvest period at the concentration of 10-40 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. This study indicated that the mixed formulation product exhibited low residues in fruits, but high and long enough to pathogen growth in leaves.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2006

A survey of 31 organic farmers were conducted to investigate the actual conditions of organic matter application. The amounts of organic matter application in the fields were higher in order of fruit, vegetable and rice farm. The average was 50 ton/ha in vegetable farms. In the green vegetable farms saw dust and animal manure were mainly utilized to make compost. Rice straw, wood chip, and forest bushes were also used for composting. In the fruit vegetable farms materials relatively lower in nitrogen content such as rice straw and cattle manure were used in vegetative period and materials higher in nitrogen content such as oil cake and wild grass were used in reproductive phase. Nutrient balance investigated in the farm in Icheon region who produce lettuce, angelica, and kale continuously in one cropping year indicated surplus in three major nutrients. Nitrogen and phosphorous were in excess by 29 and 10 kg respectively in the organic rice farm in yang-pyoung region. While soil chemical properties in the organic farms are within the adequate range in open field, it is much higher than the limits in the greenhouse soils. Overall application of organic matter is in an oversupply state. This results suggested that the organic matter management should be based on the soil conditions for sustainable cultivation. Chemical composition of organic matters and soil test reports should be considered prior to the application of organic matter.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2000

In order to develop the enzymatic hydrolysis system concerned with taste and flavor, strains having the high hydrolyzing activity on the soy protein were selected from some traditional Mejus. Two molds and one bacterium producing enzymes which were different in character of hydrolysis were isolated and identified. Leucine and azodye enzyme activities of both M4 and M5 were relatively high among in the isolated molds. And, leucine enzyme activity of B16 was the lowest in the isolated bacteria. These strains were isolated as microorganisms having a dissimilar hydrolysis pattern on the soy protein by enzymatic reactions. Mold M4 on the culture solid media was mycelium colors of white and its sclerotia colors were changed from white to black. According to the result of slide culture, radial conidial head, subclavate vesicle, conidia of subglobose, stipes of uncolored with smooth walls and metula and phialides were existed. Because M4 was taxonomically similar to the characteristics of Aspergillus oryzae (ahlburg) species, M4 was identified and named as Aspergillus oryzae M4.Mold M5 showed white and black mycelium on the MEA medium. Mold M5 colony exhibited grayish-green color and have long(7 mm) sporangiophores at slide culture. Sporangia became brownish-gray and the wall of larger sporangia was broken to form small collars, and smaller sporangia were fomed continually from large basal membrane. Columella is globose and hyaline, and sporangiospores are ellipsoidal of small diameter$(80\;{\mu}m)$. Because M5 was taxonomically similar to the Mucor circinelloides of zygomycetes, M5 was was identified and named as Mucor circinelloides M5. Bacteria B16 colony was opaque white, circular and lobate, and had rod shaped endospore. B16 was found positive in stain, catalase, ${\beta}-glucosidse$ and V-P tests. B16 was found to utilize D-fructose, ${\alpha}-D-glucose$, maltose, D-mannose, D-raffinose, stachyose and sucrose. By the morphological and physiological results, the characteristics of B16 was thought to correspond to that of Bacillus megaterium. However, fatty acid composition was similar to Paenibacillus marcerans, requiring further study for the definite identification. Accordingly, Bacteria B16 was provisionally classified and named as Bacillus megaterium B16.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.140-145
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• 2012

The flowering locus T (FT) gene, of which expression will be controlled at high temperature by heat shock promoter (it printed as to HSproFT), was introduced into spray-type chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura) 2 cultivars ('Pink PangPang' and 'Pink Pride' by co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1 harboring pCAMBIA2300 containing the HSproFT gene. After leaf segments of the 2 cultivars were infected with the A. tumafaciens with C58C1 as explants, shoots were regenerated from the explants cultured on the $1^{st}$ selection medium (MS basal salts + 1.0 mg/L BA, 0.5 mg/L IAA + 10 mg/L kanamycin + 0.7% plant agar, pH 5.8). The shoots were transferred into the $2^{nd}$ selection medium (MS basal salts + 1.0 mg/L BA, 0.5 mg/L IAA + 20 mg/L kanamycin + 0.7% plant agar, pH 5.8). One hundred seventeen plantlets from 'Pink PangPang' and 5 ones from 'Pink Pride' were confirmed as transformants by PCR analysis. Twenty six of the transformants and non-transformants were acclimatized and established well in a green house. Eights of 26 transgenic lines showed flower bud 1.7~10 days earlier than nontransgenic plants, and 24 of them flowered 1~6 days earlier than non- transgenic plants. The shape and color of flower of all HSproFT-transgenic lines were not different with those of non- transgenic plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.274-279
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• 1989

The objective of the study was to determine optimum clipping time, interval and height of Suwon 1 pearl millet hybrid in Korea to increase forage yield and quality. Clipping height 20 cm above the ground surface was the best resulting in producing 11.1 tons per hectare of green chop. However, clipping height 5 cm was not good for regrowth of the ratoon crop. Just after the first cutting when the plant height reached two meters around mid-July, four weeks cutting interval was the best for higher forage yield of 11. 4 tons per hectare. Crude protein content of the clipping height 20 cm was the highest being 12.8 percent. Dry matter of the first cut contained 14 percent of crude protein being the highest, and with lower crude fiber content of 24 percent. And also four weeks cutting interval was the highest in crude protein content being 13.1 percent along with lower crude fiber content of 24.2 percent. Thus, the forage yield depended on clipping height greatly, but the quality was dependent upon clipping time, interval and frequency more than cutting height pearl millet plant. It would be desirable for higher yield and quality of Suwon 1 pearl millet hybrid to cut three or four times during the growing season at 20 cm clipping height and at four weeks clipping interval from the first cut when the canopy height is above one meter under the Korean environmental conditions.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.181-187
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• 2002

The overall objective of this study was to improve tomato fruit quality, while maximizing yield. The variety of 'Momotaro' was grown in the basic nutrient solution of 1.6 dS.m$^{[-10]}$ which was supplemented by three levels of seawater with EC 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 dS.m$^{[-10]}$ . Tomato plants were cultivated in cool seasons. Plant growth characteristics were compared between treatments, and fruits were classified to analyse fruit quality characteristics according to ripening stages： MG, Br, Br＋3, Br＋5, Br＋7 and Br＋10. Adding seawater generally did not affect the shoot growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, internode length and chlorophyll content. Adding seawater negatively affected yield parameters such as the height and weight of fruit, marketable fruit weight per plant and marketable fruit yield. Therefore, the more yield reduction was obtained with the increasing level of seawater treatment. Fruit quality was improved by seawater treatment. The degree of the effect for $^{\circ}$Bx degree and sugars were the highest with the EC of seawater 2.0~3.0 dS.m$^{[-10]}$ , and at the Br＋5~Br＋7 of ripening stages. The relative abundance of tomato flavor, volatile components, was not generally affected by the seawater treatment with an exception of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. The relative abundance of most volatile components increased as ripening progressed. The increment began at the Br stage and showed the highest increment at the Br＋5~Br＋7 stages. The results from these experiments suggest that seawater treatment of EC 3.6 dS.m$^{[-10]}$ for hydroponics is good for improving tomato quality. Fruit quality is the best at the Br＋5~Br＋7 ripening stages. It is considered that these results may be applied far use in hydroponic culture to improve fruit quality with minimum yield reduction.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

According to the statistics of traffic accidents over recent 5 years, traffic accidents during the night times happened more than the day times. There are various causes to occur traffic accidents and the one of the major causes is inappropriate or missing street lights that make driver's sight confused and causes the traffic accidents. In this paper, with smartphones, we designed and implemented a lane luminance measurement application which stores the information of driver's location, driving, and lane luminance into database in real time to figure out the inappropriate street light facilities and the area that does not have any street lights. This application is implemented under Native C/C++ environment using android NDK and it improves the operation speed than code written in Java or other languages. To measure the luminance of road, the input image with RGB color space is converted to image with YCbCr color space and Y value returns the luminance of road. The application detects the road lane and calculates the road lane luminance into the database sever. Also this application receives the road video image using smart phone's camera and improves the computational cost by allocating the ROI(Region of interest) of input images. The ROI of image is converted to Grayscale image and then applied the canny edge detector to extract the outline of lanes. After that, we applied hough line transform method to achieve the candidated lane group. The both sides of lane is selected by lane detection algorithm that utilizes the gradient of candidated lanes. When the both lanes of road are detected, we set up a triangle area with a height 20 pixels down from intersection of lanes and the luminance of road is estimated from this triangle area. Y value is calculated from the extracted each R, G, B value of pixels in the triangle. The average Y value of pixels is ranged between from 0 to 100 value to inform a luminance of road and each pixel values are represented with color between black and green. We store car location using smartphone's GPS sensor into the database server after analyzing the road lane video image with luminance of road about 60 meters ahead by wireless communication every 10 minutes. We expect that those collected road luminance information can warn drivers about safe driving or effectively improve the renovation plans of road luminance management.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.615-620
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• 2018

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), one of catechins of green tea, has been known to possess anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer effects. The present study analyzed global gene expression changes in EGCG-treated HCT116 cells and p53-null HCT116 cells by oligo DNA microarray analysis. Among the differentially expressed genes in EGCG-treated HCT116 cells, four were selected that are known as tumor suppressor genes (activating transcription factor 3 [ATF3], cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A [CDKN1A], DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 [DDIT3] and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug activated gene [NAG-1]) and their expression was compared to the expression of genes in p53-null HCT116 cells. We found that the expression of these genes was not dependent on their p53 status except for NAG-1, which was only up-regulated in HCT116. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that ATF3 up-regulation by EGCG was not affected by the presence of p53, whereas NAG-1 expression was not induced in p53-null HCT116 cells. We also detected ATF3 and NAG-1 expression changes through genistein and resveratrol treatment. Interestingly, genistein could not up-regulate ATF3 regardless of p53 status, but genistein could induce NAG-1 only in HCT116 cells. Resveratrol could significantly induce NAG-1 as well as ATF3 independent of p53 presence. These results indicate that EGCG, genistein and resveratrol may have different anti-cancer effects. Overall, the results of this study may help to increase our understandings of molecular mechanisms on anti-cancer activities mediated by EGCG, genistein and resveratrol in human colorectal cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2000

In this study, the rate of bone formation and the pattern of bone to implant contact surface around HA coated implant and pure Ti implant inserted into the irradiated tibia of rabbit were compared. Sixteen mongrel mature male rabbits were used as experimental animal. Each rabbit received 15 Gy of irradiation. Four weeks after irradiation, two holes were prepared on the tibia of each rabbit for placement of HA coated type and pure Ti type implants. Prior to implant placement, one group received steroid irrigation and the control group was similarly irrigated with normal saline. This was immediately followed by placement of the two different types of implants. Postoperatively, tetracycline was injected intramuscularly for 3 days. For fluorescent labelling, 3 days of intramuscular alizarine red injection was given. 2 weeks before sacrifice, followed by intramuscular calcein green on the last 3 days before specimen collection. Each rabbit was sacrificed on the second, fourth, sixth and eighth week after the implantation. The specimens were observed by the light microscope and the fluorescent microscope. The results were as follows; 1. All implants inserted into the irradiated tibia of rabbit were free from clinical mobility and no signs of bony resorption were noted around the site of implant placement. 2. Under the light microscope, new bone formation proceeded faster around implants that received steroid irrigation compared to the control group irrigated with saline. Bone to implant contact surface was greater in the steroid irrigated group than the saline irrigated group. Therefore, better initial stabilization was observed in the group pretreated with steroid irrigation. 3. Under the light microscope. HA coated implants showed broader bone to implant contact surface than pure Ti implants, and HA coated implants had better bone healing pattern than pure Ti implants. 4. In the steroid pretreated group, acceleration of bone formation was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy around the 2, 4 weeks group and the 6 weeks HA coated implant group. The difference in the rate of bone formation proved to be statistically significant(P<0.05). Faster bone formation was noted in the saline irrigated group in the 6 weeks pure Ti implants and 8 weeks group. The difference was not statistically significant(P<0.05). 5. For the rabbits that were sacrificed on the second and fourth week after the implant placements, the rates of bone formation around HA coated implants proceeded faster than those around pure Ti implants under the fluorescent microscopy. For the rabbits that were sacrificed on the sixth week after the implant placements, the rates of bone formation around pure Ti implants proceeded faster than those around HA coated implants under the fluorescent microscopy. But this result did not show statistical significance (P<0.05) For the rabbits that were sacrificed on the eighth week after the implant placements, the rates of bone formation around HA coated implants proceeded faster than those around pure Ti implants under the fluorescent microscopy. This result was statistically significant (P<0.05).