• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.389-396
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• 2020

Lentinula edodes is one of the most widely consumed edible mushrooms in Korea. Mating in L. edodes is regulated by a tetrapolar system, and two unlinked genetic loci, A and B, are known to be major determinants of the mating types, as reported in other heterothallic basidiomycetes. The A locus of L. edodes encodes a pair of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors. The highly variable N-termini of these HD transcription factors contribute to the diversity among the A mating types. In this study, we developed a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker to discriminate 11 different A mating type alleles predominant among both cultivated and wild strains. Amplification of the variable region of the A locus followed by digestion with HaeIII and EcoRI restriction enzymes enabled successful discrimination among the 11 A mating type alleles. We also evaluated the applicability of this method in the identification of two A mating types of a dikaryotic strain.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1808-1816
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• 2022

Objective: The study of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) has mainly been focused on meat quality and productivity. Recently the field of microbiome research has increased dramatically. However, the information on the microbiome in Hanwoo is still insufficient, especially relationship between vagina and feces. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the microbial community characteristics by analyzing the 16S rRNA sequencing data of Hanwoo vagina and feces, as well as to confirm the difference and correlation between vaginal and fecal microorganisms. As a result, the goal is to investigate if fecal microbiome can be used to predict vaginal microbiome. Methods: A total of 31 clinically healthy Hanwoo that delivered healthy calves more than once in Cheongju, South Korea were enrolled in this study. During the breeding season, we collected vaginal and fecal samples and sequenced the microbial 16S rRNA genes V3-V4 hypervariable regions from microbial DNA of samples. Results: The results revealed that the phylum-level microorganisms with the largest relative distribution were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria in the vagina, and Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes in the feces, respectively. In the analysis of alpha, beta diversity, and effect size measurements (LefSe), the results showed significant differences between the vaginal and fecal samples. We also identified the function of these differentially abundant microorganisms by functional annotation analyses. But there is no significant correlation between vaginal and fecal microbiome. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between vaginal and fecal microbiome, but no significant correlation. Therefore, it is difficult to interrelate vaginal microbiome as fecal microbiome in Hanwoo. In a further study, it will be necessary to identify the genetic relationship of the entire microorganism between vagina and feces through the whole metagenome sequencing analysis and meta-transcriptome analysis to figure out their relationship.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.557-566
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• 2022

The Japanese eel Anguilla japonica is a highly valued research object that is important for aquaculture in Asia, including the Republic of Korea. However, few studies have been conducted analyzing parentage using microsatellite markers derived from the Japanese eel. We acquired Japanese eel genome data using next generation sequencing technology, and constructed a draft genome comprising 1,087 Mbp. Using the Simple Sequence Repeat Identification Tool program, 444,724 microsatellites were identified. Of these, 1,842 microsatellites located in the 3' untranslated region, which are stably inherited, were finally selected. Ninety-six primers were selected to validate polymorphism at these microsatellites, and 9 primers were finally identified for multiplex analysis. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction with three different fluorescence chemistries, we performed parentage analysis of an artificial Japanese eel population. CERVUS software was used to calculate the logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores and the confidence of the parentage assignments. The results presented here show that 83 out of 85 paternity cases were assigned at 95% confidence to a candidate father and mother with LOD scores ranging from 4.79 to 28.2. This study provided a microsatellite marker-based assay for parentage analysis of Japanese eels, which will be useful for selective breeding and genetic diversity studies.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2021

Flammulina velutipes is the representative edible mushroom in Korea. It makes up around 18% of the total mushroom production and accounts for about 36% of the total mushroom export. Despite being one of the most industrially important mushroom in Korea, the distribution rate of domestic cultivar was low (~31.6%) in 2020. Therefore, we need a new domestic cultivar with high quality as the main export mushroom. We developed a new white domestic cultivar, 'Seolhan', bred by mating two monokaryotic strains isolated from Baekseung and Woori-1ho. The optimum mycelial growth temperature was 25℃ and Seolhan had higher mycelial growth than the control at 20 and 25℃. In bottle cultivation, the optimum temperature of incubation was from 15℃ to 17℃ and the growth temperature of Seolhan was 7-8℃, which was slightly higher than that of the control. The yield of Seolan was 226.5±8.0 g, an increase of 18.4% compared to the control. The period of primodia formation also was a couple of days ahead. In morphological traits, the pileus of Seolhan was smaller than that of the control, the stipe was thicker, and the color brighter. As the results of replacement culture and genetic diversity test, it was confirmed that Seolhan was genetically different from other white varieties.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.375-390
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• 2022

Influenza viruses are zoonotic respiratory pathogens, and influenza infections have caused a substantial burden on public health systems and the livestock industry. Although currently approved seasonal influenza vaccines have shown potent protection efficacy against antigenically well-matched strains, there are considerable unmet needs for the efficient control of viral infections. Enormous efforts have been made to develop broadly protective universal influenza vaccines to tackle the huge levels of genetic diversity and variability of influenza viruses. In addition, antiviral drugs have been considered important interventions for the treatment of viral infections. The viral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir is the most widely used antiviral medication to treat influenza A and influenza B viruses. However, unsatisfactory clinical outcomes resulting from side effects and the emergence of resistant variants have led to greater attention being paid to plants as a natural resource for anti-influenza drugs. In particular, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has underpinned the need for safe and effective antiviral drugs with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity to prevent the rapid spread of viruses among humans. This review outlines the results of the antiviral activities of various natural products isolated from plants against influenza viruses. Special focus is paid to the virucidal effects and the immune-enhancing effects of antiviral natural products, since the products have broad applications as inactivating agents for the preparation of inactivated vaccines and vaccine adjuvants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.608-618
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• 1996

Wild perennial types of genus Glycine, as sources of genetic diversity, have been recently employed in the soybean breeding programs. This study was carried out to introduce some useful characters of wild perennial Glycine tomentella into common cultivars, G. max. Parent materials used for interspecific hybridization were three common cultivars, Ulsankong, Baemkong and Danyeobkong, and four G. tomentella strains having different diploid(2n) of 38, 40, 78, and 80. Their cross-fertility, effect of reciprocal cross, development comparison of crossing pod and optimum timing to efficient crossing were investigated. Plant were grown in 1/2,000 Wagner pots in greenhouse and field. Crossing efficiency and pod survival rate were the highest in 2n=38 of the four G. tomentella strains when the common cultivars were fixed as female parents. In the reciprocal cross of three common cultivars and four G. tomentella strains, when the former was used as maternal sources, they showed better crossing rate and longer pod survival than the latter. In the interspecific hybridization between G. max cv. Baemkong andG. tomentella, 2n=38, the pod formed from the female G. tomentella had relatively greater size and weight than that from the female Baemkong in comparison with parents. However, the reverse result was true in a number of ovules per pod. More efficient interspecific hybridization in the field was made on August 20, when temperature and relative humidity were higher and day length was shorter, than one or two months earlier.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.119
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• pp.141-172
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• 2011

This thesis, centered on J. Locke and W. v. Humboldt's concept of language, is written for the purpose of illuminating their view of language and investigating the relationship between a matter of language and that of thought. First, Locke considers language was to be the great instrument and common tie of society. And language consists of words, and words are signs of ideas. Locke's discussion in language is shaped by his belief that these conditions of the transference of knowledge were in his time commonly unsatisfied, especially in two domains. First, there was no agreed classification of 'substance' based on careful observation and experiment. Second, the ideas associated with the names of mixed modes often varied both in the usage of different people and in that of the same person at different times. But Humboldt deals with 'the diversity of the structure of human language' and deals with it in respect of 'its influence on the spiritual development of mankind.' According to his theory, a language is not work(ergon) but an activity(energeia). Its true definition may therefore only be genetic. It is after all the continual intellectual effort to make the articulated sound capable of expressing thought. In short, he conceives of language as a particular 'intellectual effort'.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.429-440
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• 2023

Wild Lentinula edodes (shiitake) strains are an important breeding material for developing new varieties suitable for various consumer preferences and environmental conditions. The morphological characteristics of 100 wild shiitake strains collected from 14 regions were investigated in a sawdust block cultivation. The characteristics of their fruiting bodies were diverse. Among them, 38% of the caps was convex, 33% was broadly umbonate, 27% was applanate, and 2% was shallowly depressed. In terms of their stipes, 55, 23, and 22% were the column, clavate, and funnel type, respectively. The shape of the cap was the most diverse on Mt. Hwaak, whereas the shape of the stipe showed various phenotypes from various regions. Even among strains collected from the same forest, different types of mushrooms were observed. In conclusion, wild shiitake strains that have adapted to various environmental stress can be used to develop new varieties. Thus, securing various genetic resources and studying their traits are important for researching breeding technology.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.97-125
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• 2021

Blockchain is a core technology to solve personal information leakage and data management issues, which are limitations of existing Genomic Sequencing services. Due to continuous cost reduction and deregulation, the market size of Genomic Sequencing has been increasing, also the potential of services is expected to increase when Blockchain's security and connectivity are combined. We created our research model by combining the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Innovation Resistance Theory also analyzed the factors affecting the acceptance intention and innovation resistance of the Blockchain Based Genomic Sequencing Information Platform. A survey was conducted on 150 potential users of Blockchain and Genomic Sequencing services. The analysis was conducted by setting the four Blockchain variables: Security, transparency, availability, and diversity). Also, we set the Perceived Usefulness, Perceived risk, and Perceived Complexity for Technology Acceptance and Innovation Resistance variables and analyzed the effect of the characteristics of the Blockchain on acceptance intention and innovation resistance through these variables. Through this analysis, key variables that need to be considered important to reduce resistance and increase acceptance intention could be identified. This study presents innovation factors that should be considered in companies preparing a new Blockchain Based Genomic Sequencing Information Platform.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2024

In July 2020, total RNA was extracted from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) leaves showing virus symptoms such as chlorotic spots and vein banding in Haenam, South Korea. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-HN2 was identified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis. To confirm the biological characteristics of the CMV infecting passion fruit, 10 indicator plants were inoculated with CMV-HN2, and the results showed a typical CMV symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid of the coat protein (CP) of CMVs revealed that the CMV passion fruit isolates belonged to subgroup I, among which CMV-HN2 belonged to subgroup IA. Additionally, CMVs isolated from passion fruit in Korea have amino acid sequence variation between the subgroup. Among them, CMV-HN2 had four to eight amino acid differences in CP from other CMV isolates from passion fruit. These results confirm the presence of genetic diversity in the CPs of passion fruit CMV isolates.