• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.511-515
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• 2014

In a screen for plant-derived inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, a flavonol isolated from the chloroform extract of Alpinia officinarum was isolated. The structure of the flavonol was found to be 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one (galangin, GLG) by using spectroscopy. GLG exhibited an inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$ value: $26.8{\mu}M$) on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Moreover, GLG suppressed expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA in a dose-dependent manner.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.169.1-169.1
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• 2001

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.496-500
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• 2011

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate anti-tumor activity and detect what compounds affect its activity form $Alpinia$ $officinarum$ Hance. Two fractions, methanol and ethylacetate, were isolated by Amberlite XAD-2 resin column chromatography from methanol extract of the rhizomes of $Alpinia$ $officinarum$. In hollow fiber assay, the methanol extract and methanol fraction were found to inhibit the tumor growth against colon tumor cell lines such as Colo-320, HCT116 and WiDr. Three diarylheptanoids [5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone, 5-hydroxy-7-(4"-hydroxy-3"-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone and 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-diphenylheptane] and two flavonoids [galangin and kaempheride] were isolated and identified from the methanol fraction, which is higher activity than ethylacetate fraction. Among these diarylheptanoids and flavonoids, 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-diphenylheptane, galangin and kaempheride as active components on anti-tumor activity were mainly posited in methanol fraction.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1293-1301
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• 2005

Flavonoids, a group of low molecular weight phenylbenzopyrones, have various pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anticancer, bactericidal, and anti-inflammatory. We carried out anti-herpetic assays on 18 flavonoids in five classes and a virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibitory assay, plaque reduction assay, and yield reduction assay were performed. When flavonoids were applied at various concentrations to Vero cells infected by HSV-1 and 2, most of the f1avonoids showed inhibitory effects on virus-induced CPE. Among the flavonoids, EC, ECG (flavanols), genistein (isoflavone), naringenin (flavanone), and quercetin (flavonol) showed a high level of CPE inhibitory activity. The antiviral activity of flavonoids were also examined by a plaque reduction assay. EC, ECG, galangin, and kaempferol showed a strong antiviral activity, and catechin, EGC, EGCG, naringenin, chrysin, baicalin, fisetin, myricetin, quercetin, and genistein showed moderate inhibitory effects against HSV-1. In these experiments, flavanols and flavonols appeared to be more active than flavones. Furthermore, treatment of Vero cells with ECG and galangin (which previously showed strong antiviral activities) before virus adsorption led to a slight enhancement of inhibition as determined by a yield reduction assay, indicating that an intracellular effect may also be involved.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.166-170
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• 2016

Collagen plays a vital role in the maintenance of structure and function of a human body. It has been widely applied in various fields including biomedical, cosmeceutical, food, pharmaceutical and tissue engineering. In the present study, the docking behaviour of type I collagen with 15 different ligands namely hydroxymethylfurfural, methylglyoxal, methylsyringate, O-methoxyacetophenone, 3-phenyllactic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, kojic acid, lumichrome, galangin, artoindonesianin F, caffeic acid, 4-coumaric acid, origanol A, thymoquinone and quercetin was evaluated along with their putative binding sites using Discovery Studio Version 3.1. Docking studies and binding free energy calculations revealed that origanol A has maximum interaction energy (-40.48 kcal/mol) and quercetin with the least interaction energy (-15.44 kcal/mol) as compared to the other investigated ligands. Three ligands which are galangin, methylsyringate and origanol A were shown to interact with Asp21 amino acid residue of chain B (type I collagen). Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the outcomes from the present study might provide new insight in understanding these 15 ligands as potential type I collagen modulators for the prevention of collagen associate disorders.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.362-370
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• 1999

Propolis, a natural resinous compound collected from honey bees, contains many biochemical constituents(wax, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, etc.) and has been used in traditional medicines as early as 300 B.C. It was been demonstrated that ethanol, acetylsalicylic acid, ischemia reperfusion, non-steroidal antiin-flammatory drugs and stress induce gastric lesions by promoting the generation of reactive oxygen metabolites. Therefore, some drugs that are capable of scavenging or inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen radicals might be expected to prevent the gastric mucosal injury. The aim of this study was 1) to examine the antiulcer effect of propolis, 2) to investigate the mechanism of action by determining gastric acid secretion, lipid per-oxidation, mucus content and proton pump ($H^+$/$K^+$-ATPase) activity on gastric mucus in varios experimental models, and finally, 3) to isolate and identify the pure compounds that exert antiulcer activity. Step 2-1 and 2-3 sub-sub fraction shoed a significant reduction of severity of gastirc damage at the dose of 25 mg/kg in various experimental models. We isolated 4 sub-sub-sub fractions by flash column chromatography of Step 2-1 sub-sub fraction and one sub-sub-sub fraction by recrystalization of Step 2-3 sub-sub fraction. The protective effects of propolis sub-sub-sub fraction manifested sifnificant effects in HCl-ethanol induced gastric erosion model and aspirin induced gastric ulcer model. These results showed that the gastric mucosal protective effect of propolis might result from the increase of mucus secretion, free radical scavenging effect as well as the reduction of acid secretion in accordance with the reduction of $H^+$/$K^+$-ATPase activitv. Three compounds were isolated and identified from sub-sub fraction of propolis which showed antiulcer effects. Subsequently, these compounds were identified as a flavonoid, namely, 2-acetoxy-5,7,-dihydroxy-flavanone, galangin and chrysin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.196-204
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• 1993

Flavonol derivatives were tested for their anticlastogenic effect against induction of micronuclei by n-methyl-n'-nitor-n-nitorsoguanidine(MNNG), and against induction of chromosome aberration by bleomycin or MNNG.belomycin. For micronudeus assay, each flavonol derivative (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally twice with 24 h interval, together with intraperitioneally administered MNNG(150 mg/kg). The result showed that msot flavonol derivatives tested were effective in suppresing the frequencies of micronude induced by MNNG. For chromosome aberration assy, each flavonol derivative (0, 0.1, 1, 10m and 100 mg/kg)was administered to mice orally in vivo, and then mice were sacrificed and spleen lymphocyte cultures were made. Bleomycin $(3\;\mu$g/ml) was treated to the mouse spleen hymphocyte cultures at 24 h after con A initiation. There wre nomarked decrease tendencies in chromosome aberration unless all doses of galangin and some doses of several flavonol derivatives tested. In the another experiment, we have evaluated the effect of flavonol derivatives on the enhancement of bleomycin-induced chromsome aberration by MNNG. Most of flavonol derivtives reduced the incidence of chromosome aberration induced by in vitro treatment of bleomycin followed by in vivo treatment of MNNG. Galangin particulary showed a dose-dependent decrease tendency. Other flavonol derivative showed slightly suggest that most of flavonol derivatives may be capable of protecting the inhibition of suggest that most of flavonol derivatives may be capable of protecting the inhibition of DNA-repair by MNNG. Our data indicate clearly that flavonol derivatives can suppress MNNG-induced genotoxicity such as an induction of MNPCEs. Therfore, our results could suggest that flavonol derivtives may be useful as a chemopreventive agent of MNNG.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.657-659
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• 2005

A new biflavonol glycoside named as solanoflavone (1) was isolated from aerial part of Solanum melongena. The chemical structure was elucidated as isorhamnetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside-(4'$\to$O$\to$4"')-galangin-3"-O-$\to$-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of physicochemical and spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR spectral techniques.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2009

The immunosuppressive properties of flavonoids were examined for the first time by testing their effects on T-cell-mediated antibody production, using a classical plague-forming cell (PFC) assay in mice. Among the tested flavonoids including naringenin, chrysin, flavonol, galangin, quercetin, morin, myricetin and biochanin A, only quercetin, orally administered at 25 mg/kg, significantly inhibited the number of IgMproducing PFCs induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Interestingly, biochanin A (isoflavone) increased the number of PFCs, suggesting an immunostimulatory effect. The other flavonoids tested did not inhibit or enhance PFC response significantly. Quercetin was also found to show thymus atrophy dose-dependently at 5-500 mg/kg. All these results indicate that quercetin inhibits in vivo antibody production probably by inhibiting T-cell function.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.1 s.144
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• pp.56-59
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• 2006

The vascular relaxant effets of Alpinia officinarum(Zingiberaceae) were evaluated on isolated thoracic aorta from rats. The methanolic extract of rhizome of Alpinia officinarum caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of rat aortic preparations precontracted with $0.3{\mu}M$ phenylephrine, The intensive investigation of the extract by way of activity-guided fractionation led us to yield three kind of active components, galangin(1), kaempferide(2), and kaempferol(3), which were responsible for the vasodilating property of the extract. Stuctures of the isolated active components were established by chemical and spectroscopic means.