• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2002

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the activity of Whagan-Jeon (huaganjian) in protection against acetaminophen (AAP)-induced hepatotoxicity and the possible mechanisms in vivo. Methods : The following were performed : Serum ALT, depletion of hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels, the microsomal p. nitrophenol hydroxylation activity, microsomal aniline hydroxylation activity, genomic DNA fragmentation and its reversal, hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, and hepatic NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (QR) activity Results : Whagan-Jeon (huaganjian) protected against AAP-inducedhepatotoxicity by the increase of GSH levels, inhibition of P450 2E1-specific metabolic activities, attenuation of hepatic DNA damage, and induction of GST and QR activities in vivo. Conclusions : In conclusion, Whagan-Jeon (huaganjian) was effective in protection against AAP-induced hepatoxicity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.1071-1076
• /
• 2001

Chemopreventive activities of polysaccharides from soybeans fermented with either Phellinus igniarius or Agrocybe cylindracea were investigated by measuring the induction of quinone reductase (QR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and glutathione (GSH) levels in the cell culture along with inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis. The polysaccharides from soybeans fermented with P. igniarius strongly (p<0.005) induced QR activity at all concentrations tested. The extract not only induced GST activity in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mg, but significantly induced GSH revels in cultured Hepa 1c1c7 cells with a maximal 1.4-fold increase at 0.1 mg. The polysaccharides from soybeans fermented with A. cylindracea were effective in inhibiting polyamine metabolism. These results suggest that polysaccharides from soybeans fermented with P. igniarius or A. cylindracea have cancer chemopreventive activities in in vitro models and, therefore, could be considered as potential agents for cancer chemoprevention.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.13 no.3_4
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 1998

Carbendazim, which is widely used fungicide, was investigated for rat hepatocarcinogenesis using a medium-term carcinogenicity bioassay. All rats were initially given a single dose (200mg/kg) of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) i.p. and then, starting 2 weeks later, carbendazim treatment group and positive control group received carbendazim (7 mg/kg/ day) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF, 1%), respectively, in the diet for 6 weeks. All rats were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) at week 3 and sacrificed at week 8. Carcinogenic potential was scored by comparing the number and area per cm$^2$ of induced glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the liver. Carbendazim had no effect in the increase of body weight, hematological and biochemical values, and the number and area of GST-P positive loci. These results suggest that this bioassay using DEN-PH method can be useful for detection of hepatocarcinogenic potentials of pesticide.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.452-462
• /
• 2021

Pretilachlor (PRE) is a common acetanilide herbicide used worldwide. However, its effects on aquatic organisms, particularly marine photosynthetic life, are not sufficiently known. Herein, we evaluated the toxic effects of PRE by physiological and molecular parameters in the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. The cell density, pigment content, and photosynthetic parameters (F_v/F_m and PI_ABS) were considerably decreased with increased PRE exposure time and doses. In addition, photosynthesis-related genes, PmpsbA, PmpsaA, and PmatpB, were significantly upregulated when exposed to 1.0 mg L^-1 of PRE for 24 h (p<0.001). In 72 h treatment, the relative gene expression was significantly increased (0.1 and 0.5 mg L^-1; p<0.01). In contrast, PmrbcL was decreased or little changed compared to the controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased after 24 h exposure (p<0.001). However, the transcriptional fold-changes in glutathione S-transferase (GST) were significantly increased (0.5 and 1.0 mg L^-1; p<0.001) at 72 h. These findings suggested that the PmGST might be involved in PRE detoxification in P. minimum. In addition, PRE may affect the photosystem function in phytoplankton similar to other acetanilides, causing severe damage or cell death.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.258-267
• /
• 1998

The acetaminophen (AP AP), an antipyretic and analgesic agent, induces the hepatotoxicity by increasing influx of calcium and destabilizing the cellular membrane which can be caused by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine generated by cytochrome P-450 (CYF-450) when it is overdosed. Diltiazem (DIL), a calcium channel blocking agent, has been known to suppress the CYF-450 activities. To study the effect of DIL in APAP treated rats, the serum biotransformational enzyme analyses and the liver histopathologic examination were conducted on the rats which had been administered DIL at 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after the 3,000 mg/kg of APAP administration. Following a single dose of DIL administered 12 hours after AP AP administration, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, malondialdehyde and calcium contents of liver and microsome were significantly reduced. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly increased. Histopathologic studies showed that DIL had prevented the development of centrilobular necrosis induced by AP AP in liver tissue. Our results suggested that diltiazem could inhibit the formation of free radical and the influx of calcium and could increase GST activity. Therefore, diltiazem can be administered at the time of 12 hours after overdosed AP AP to diminish the liver damage.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.94-101
• /
• 2008

The aim of this study was to assess the responses of mixed function oxygenase (MFO) and antioxidative systems of feral Javelin goby, Acanthogobius hasta, caught in two sites of different pollution level in Shihwa lake, which has been a highly polluted lake by organic pollutants from nearby industrial complexes and sites. Enzymes analyzed in phase I of MFO system are cytochrome P450 (CYP), NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450R), NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R), and ethoxyresorufin deethylase (EROD). Phase II enzyme of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in MFO system was also investigated. Moreover, oxidative-enzyme system including catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and total-glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and glutathione concentration in both of oxidized (GSSG) and reduced form (GSH) were determined. P450R, b5R, and GST activities of fish are relatively high in the polluted area, whereas hepatic EROD activity levels of fish in polluted area were lower than those of unpolluted area. CYP concentrations are not different between areas. These results indicated that feral Acanthogobius hasta were adaptive to highly polluted environment and exposed to oxidative stress in Shihwa lake.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.2145-2150
• /
• 2016

Background: Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global public health problem, with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Human cytosolic glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) include several classes such as alpha (A), mu (M), pi (P), sigma (S), zeta (Z), omega (O) and theta (T). The present study aimed to investigate the role of GST omega genes (GSTO1 and GSTO2) in different groups of patients infected with HBV. Materials and Methods: HBV groups were classified according to clinical history, serological tests and histological analysis into normal carriers (N), acute (A), chronic (CH), cirrhosis (CI) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. The study focused on determination of the genotypes of GST omega genes (GSTO1 and GSTO2) and GST activity and liver function tests. Results: The results showed that GSTO1 (A/A) was decreased in N, A, CH, CI and HCC groups compared to the C-group, while, GSTO1 (C/A) and GSTO1(C/C) genotypes were increased significantly in N, A, CH, CI and HCC groups. GSTO2 (A/A) was decreased in all studied groups as compared to the C-group but GSTO2(A/G) and GSTO2(G/G) genotypes were increased significantly. In addition, GST activities, albumin and TP levels were decreased in all studied groups compared to the C-group, while the activities of transaminases were increased to differing degrees. Conclusions: The results indicate that GSTO genetic polymorphisms may be considered as biomarkers for determining and predicting the progression of HBV infection.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.435-440
• /
• 2016

This study was carried to investigate the antioxidative effect of ethanol extract of Arctium lappa(Al) root in Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45mg/kg.body wight(b.w) dissolved in citrate buffer. The ethanol extract of Al root was orally administrated once a day for 7 days at a dose of 1,000mg/kg.b.w. The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) were significantly decreased(p<0.05) in Al treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of glutathione(GSH) and activity of glutathione-s-transferase(GST) was significantly increased(p<0.05). These results indicated that ethanol extract of Al root would have antioxidative effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.727-733
• /
• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of arsenic ($As^{III}$) on lipid peroxidation, glutathione content and antioxidant enzymes in growing pigs. Ninety-six Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire crossbred growing pigs (48 barrows and 48 gilts, respectively) were randomly assigned to four groups and each group was randomly assigned to three pens (four barrows and four gilts). The four groups received the same corn-soybean basal diet which was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg As respectively. Arsenic was added to the diet in the form of $As_2O_3$. The experiment lasted for seventy-eight days after a seven-day adaptation period. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione (GSH) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were analyzed in serum, livers and kidneys of pigs. The results showed that pigs treated with 30 mg As/kg diet had a decreased average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05) and an increased feed/gain ratio (F/G) (p<0.05) compared to the controls. The levels of MDA significantly increased (p<0.05), and the contents of GSH and the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the pigs fed 30 mg As/kg diet. The results indicated that the mechanism of arsenic-induced oxidative stress in growing pigs involved lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione and decreased activities of some enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST, which are associated with free radical metabolism.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.151-160
• /
• 1997

In view of the potential of replicase protein as a diagnostic reagent for human caliciviruses (HuCVs), we have cloned and over-expressed this gene from the Snow Mountain-like Korean strains in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST), and described the preliminary antigenic characterization of the recombinant products. Each 470bp fragment corresponding to highly conserved region of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was generated by RT-PCR from stools of two diarrheal children, cloned in pMOSBlue T-vector, and subcloned between the EcoRI and SalI restriction sites of pGEX-4T-3, a GST gene fusion vector, yielding $pGCV_{pol}$. This construct expressed a Snow Mountain-like HuCV replicase under the control of the IPTG-inducible tac promoter. An extract prepared by sonication of the E. coli cell inclusion bodies bearing $pGCV_{pol}$ products was purified and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. After Coomassie blue staining, it was shown that the recombinant replicase migrated on the gels with an approximate molecular mass of 46.5 kDa, that was subsequently cleaved into a 26 kDa GST fragment and a 20.5 kDa replicase protein upon digestion with thrombin protease. The replicase was recognized on immunoblotting with the sera from symptomatic children with the HuCV-associated diarrhea but not by asymptomatic sera from adults. The results presented the first biological activity of individually expressed HuCV replicase subunit and provided important reagents for diagnosis of HuCV infection.