• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 2003

Physiological cellular activities responses to cadmium (Cd) exposure in green algae with several reductases activities and viability of the cell were examined. The cell division of green algae, Selenastrum capricornutum treated with 5ppm was significantly decreased than that of normal algae. The mean cell number of normal algal culture was as twice much as than that of algae at 6 days after Cd treatment. The cellular viability of algae was analysed by flow-cytometry with fluorescent dye after esterase reaction on cell membrane. The 85.35% of cellular viability of normal culture was decreased to 34.35% when algae was treated with 5 ppm of Cd at 6 days after treatment. It was considered that those method of flow-cytometry is useful tool for toxicity test on micro-organisms in the respect of identifying cellular viability. Also, the activities of both glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which are indirectly react against oxidative stress through reduction of glutathione by Cd were significantly increased with 25%. It is considered that both GPX and APX are involved in the metabolic pathway of Cd -detoxification with similar portion in Selenasturm capricornutum.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to determine the expression of the antioxidant enzyme(CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD and GPX and apoptosis gene(caspase-3) for in vitro culture in in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization(IVM/IVF) embryos in porcine. Porcine embryos derived from IVM/IVF were cultured in NCSU23 medium under 5% $CO_2$ in air at 38.5$^{\circ}C$. The patterns of gene expression for several antioxidant enzyme and apoptosis genes during preimplantion porcine embryo development were examined by the modified semi-quantitative single cell reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Preimplantation porcine embryos produced by IVM/IVF have expressed mRNAs for CuZn-SOD and GPX, whereas transcripts for Mn-SOD have not detected at any developmental stages. Expression of caspase-3 mRNA was detected at 2 cell, 8 cell, 16 cell and morula stages. The fas ligand transcripts were detected in porcine blastocyst. These results suggest that various antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis genes play crucial roles in in vitro culture of porcine IVM/IVF embryos.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.313-319
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• 2009

To improve the growth of human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs) under general cell culture conditions(20% $O_2$ and 5% $CO_2$), we examined the effect of s-allylcysteine(SAC), which is known as an antioxidant and the main component of aged-garlic extract, on hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular stress in hMSCs. We found that SAC blocked hydrogen peroxideinduced cell death and cellular apoptosis, but that SAC did not improve the growth of hMSCs during short-term culture. To evaluate the protective effect of SAC, we examined the endogenous expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione peroxidase(Gpx) in hMSCs. Hydrogen peroxide was found to downregulate the expression of CAT, SOD, and Gpx at the protein level. However, in the pre-treatment group of SAC, SAC inhibited the hydrogen peroxide-induced down-regulation of CAT, SOD, and Gpx. Unfortunately, treatment with SAC alone did not induce the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and the cell proliferation of hMSCs. Surprisingly, SAC improved cell growth in a single cell level culture of hMSCs. These results indicate that SAC may be involved in the preservation of the self-renewal capacity of hMSCs. Taken together, SAC improves the proliferation of hMSCs via inhibition of oxidative-stress-induced cell apoptosis through regulation of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, SAC may be an indispensable component in an in vitro culture system of human MSCs for maintaining self-renewal and multipotent characterization of human MSCs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1362-1373
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• 2004

In studying the specific effects of some drugs, animals under experiments get some stress through laboratory environments, drug injection, and adaptation period. These stimuli do harms on liver function. Nowadays studies on liver intoxication and its protection are under research, but the function of dissolution is rarely under studies. It is widely accepted that Soshiho-tang has function of clearing away low spirits, and that it enables liver bloods to move stronger, and to have calm mind. So I injured rats liver by injectioning CCI₄. And the rats took in Soshiho-tang solution. I made a comparison between the functions before and after rat's liver damage. There are many representative serums used to note an index on liver damage. I used total protein, albumin, ALP, GOT, GPT activity, P450, SOD, Catalase, GST, GR, and GPx. I got the following results. When Soshiho-tang was injected after CCI4 intoxication, total protein and albumin decreased. When Soshiho-tang was injected, ALP decreased, compared with control group. When Soshiho-tang was injected after CCI₄ intoxication, AST and ALT decreased. When Soshiho-tang was injected before CCI₄ intoxication, P450 was restrained. When Soshiho-tang was injected, LPO was all restrained. When Soshiho-tang was injected, SOD, Catalase, GST, GR, and, GPx increased. These results show that blood test reveals that it is good to inject Soshiho-tang after CCI₄ intoxication, but that it is good to inject Soshiho-tang before CCI₄ intoxication in case of P450, LPO, SOD, Catalase, GST, GR, and GPx. It is estimated that the medication period and time of liver damage by CCI₄ have counter results, and that it needs more modified study.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2010

The effects of grape seeds extract and grape peels extract prepared from grape pomace on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, degree of lipid peroxidation in serum and liver tissue were investigated in rabbits fed on high cholesterol diet. New Zealand white rabbits were divided as follows ; 1) NOR (normal group); 2) CHOL (cholesterol group); 3) GSH (cholesterol + grape seed extract group); 4) GPE (cholesterol + grape peel extract); 5) GSP (cholesterol + grape seed powder); 6) GPP (cholesterol + grape peel powder); 7) GE (cholesterol + grape seed and peel extract); 8) GP (cholesterol + grape seed and peel powder). Eight groups of rabbits were studied for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, rabbits were sacrificed and the liver tissue were removed. Then, GSH, GPx, GST, CAT and MDA in the liver were measured. In liver tissues, total glutathione contents (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activity, which was significantly higher by grape seed extract supplementation. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in the serum of rabbits fed grape seed extract or grape peel powder plus cholesterol than in the serum of rabbits fed cholesterol alone. It is therefore likely that grape seed extract prepared from grape pomace functioned as antioxidants in vivo, negating the effects of the oxidative stress induced by 1% cholesterol diet. The grape seed extract was found effective in converting the oxidized glutathione into reduced glutathione, and in removing $H_2O_2$ that is created by oxidative stress. The grape peel powder was found to have small influence on reduced glutathione content, CAT and GPX activity, but it increased GST activity in liver tissues, resulting in promoting the combination of lipid peroxide and glutathione (GSH), and further, lowering the formation of lipid peroxide in the serum. Therefore, grape pomace (grape seed extract and grape peel powder) supplementation is considered to activate the antioxidant enzyme system and prevent damage with hypercholesterolemia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.727-733
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of arsenic ($As^{III}$) on lipid peroxidation, glutathione content and antioxidant enzymes in growing pigs. Ninety-six Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire crossbred growing pigs (48 barrows and 48 gilts, respectively) were randomly assigned to four groups and each group was randomly assigned to three pens (four barrows and four gilts). The four groups received the same corn-soybean basal diet which was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg As respectively. Arsenic was added to the diet in the form of $As_2O_3$. The experiment lasted for seventy-eight days after a seven-day adaptation period. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione (GSH) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were analyzed in serum, livers and kidneys of pigs. The results showed that pigs treated with 30 mg As/kg diet had a decreased average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05) and an increased feed/gain ratio (F/G) (p<0.05) compared to the controls. The levels of MDA significantly increased (p<0.05), and the contents of GSH and the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the pigs fed 30 mg As/kg diet. The results indicated that the mechanism of arsenic-induced oxidative stress in growing pigs involved lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione and decreased activities of some enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST, which are associated with free radical metabolism.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2007

The protective effects of Rubus coreanum Miquel (RCM) extract against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity were studied in rats. Squrague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered the RCM at 100 mg/kg per day for three weeks. Then single dose of LPS (5 mg/kg) was injected into rats. Four hours later, they were anesthesized with ether and dissected. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in sera, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mitochondrial fraction and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver homogenate. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But RCM-pretreatment decreased the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH by 57.9%, 37.4%, 62% and 69% respectively and increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx by 82.9%, 64.2% and 96.7% respectively. Subsequently, the protective effects of RCM was evaluated through histopathological examination of liver tissue. The LPS treatment increased the state of necrosis and cirrhosis surrounding the central veins (CV) and sinusoid, but RCM-treatment decreased the state of necrosis and cirrhosis in the liver tissue. These results demonstrated that protective effects of RCM against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of the Perilla frutescens cv. Chookyoupjaso mutant water extract (PFWE) on gamma ray-induced oxidative stress in mice. Gamma-ray is one of the sources for inducing oxidative stress. The study was divided into 6 groups with 6 mice for each treatment. Groups I and II were treated with saline (vehicle) only, groups III, IV, V, and VI were pretreated with PFWE 10, 20, 50, $50mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively for 2 weeks before gamma radiation. And then groups II, III, IV, V were irradiated. We found that the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were increased and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) were decreased by irradiation in mice. However, treatment of PFWE attenuated the activities of AST and ALT in a dose-dependent manner in irradiated mice. Furthermore, treatment of PFWE significantly increased the activities of SOD, GPx, and GR in a dose-dependent manner in irradiated mice, except for the CAT. Interestingly, the activities of GPx and GR were significantly increased by PFWE treatment. Taken together, PFWE could be effective in protecting on gamma ray-induced oxidative stress in mice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

One-day-old Cherry valley meat-strain ducks were used to investigate the effect of supplemental dried oregano powder (DOP) in feed on the productivity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and breast meat quality. One hundred sixty five ducks were assigned to 5 dietary treatments for 42 days. The dietary treatment groups were control group (CON; no antibiotic, no DOP), antibiotic group (ANT; CON+0.1% Patrol), 0.1% DOP (CON+0.1% DOP), 0.5% DOP (CON+0.5% DOP), and 1.0% DOP (CON+1.0% DOP). Upon feeding, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of oregano extracts was higher than that of tocopherol, although it was less than that of ascorbic acid. As a result of in vivo study, DOP in the diet showed no effects on final body weight, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio. However, dietary 0.5% and 1% DOP supplementation caused a significant increase in the serum enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared with CON and ANT, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in tissue was increased as compared to ANT (p<0.05). Cooking loss from ducks fed with DOP decreased compared with the control ducks. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values of duck breast meat at 5 d post slaughter was found to be significantly reduced in ducks whose diets were supplemented with 0.5% and 1% DOP (p<0.05). These results suggest that diets containing 0.5% and 1% DOP may beneficially affect antioxidant enzyme activity of GPx and SOD, improve meat cooking loss, and reduce TBARS values in breast meat at 5 d of storage in ducks.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.210.1-210.1
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• 2003

In this study, we investigated the effect of inhibition of proliferation and antioxidant effect on B16F10 murine melanoma cell. Also, we examined by MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and intracellular reactive oxygen intermediate levels and the levels of catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase(GPX) an adaptive response of oxidative stress on B16F10 murine melanoma cell of pretreated with hydrogen peroxide. (omitted)