• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1972

A kind of peptide which posseses an yeaststatic activity was isolated from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and following characteristics was obtained. 1. The isoelectric pH of this peptide was 8.2 and histidine, an alkaline amino acid, was identified from this peptide. 2. This substance showes conspicuous heat stability and does not indicate any remarkable reduction of yeaststatic activity even for 5 hours treatment at $100^{\circ}C$. or for 30 minutes at $121^{\circ}C$. 3. The inhibitory activity of the yeast growth is not originated from the yeastcidal action but yeaststatic effect of this sample. 4. The sample shows strong stability ranging from pH 2 to 10. 5. The saccharide; glucose, sucrose, maltose, gives no effect on the yeaststatic activity of the sample even high concentration, 15 percent, and also no effect gives by magnesium, calcium and phosphate salts. 6. The available concentration of this sample on the inhibition of yeast growth was located at the ppm extent, for example, the concentration of fifty percent growth inhibition to Saccharomyces cerevisiae or S. carsbergensis was 4 ppm and 3 ppm to Candida pulcherrima, 13 ppm to S. coreanus, 18 ppm to S. sake and 38 ppm to C. tropicalis. 7. On the alcohol fermentation of S. coreanus, the peptide, an yeast growth inhibitor, gives no effect at all. 8. This substance is named as Astradix-P (Astragalus membranaceus, Radix, Peptide).

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 2004

In this work we have cultivated several B. cereus strains in a complex LB medium in order to study the production of phospholipase C (PLC), and among them B. cereus 318 showed the highest productivity of PLC. Some components, i.e., 5 g/L glucose, 5 g/L yeast extract, 5 g/L peptone, 0.5∼1.0 g/L K$_2$HPO$_4$, 0.02∼0.04 g/L ZnSO$_4$$.$7H$_2$O and 3 g/L NaHCO$_3$ were found to be optimal for the high production of PLC by B. cereus 318. Optimal culture temperature and pH were found to be 30$^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5 for the PLC production, respectively. Optimum reaction temperature and pH of the PLC produced by B. cereus 11 and 318 were 45$^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0, while they were 50$^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0 for the PLC by B. cereus 559. The PLC produced by B. cereus was activated by Mn$\^$2+/, Co$\^$2+/ and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), but its activity was inhibited by Cu$\^$2+/ and partially by glycerol, isopropanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2019

Previous screening of novel antibacterial agents revealed that some bacterial isolates exhibited antibiotic activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and that they showed antibacterial activity, even against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among these isolates, one bacterial strain, BCNU 1204, was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa using phenetic and phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. The maximum productivities of antimicrobial substances of BCNU 1204 were obtained after being cultured at $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0 for 4 d in King's medium B (KMB). Dichloromethane (DCM) and ethylacetate (EA) extracts of P. aeruginosa BCNU 1204 exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, particularly against gram-positive bacteria. The EA extracts exhibited broad-spectrum activity against antibiotic resistant strains. Fraction 5-2, was obtained by recycling preparative liquid chromatography (LC) and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and was identified as phenazine-1-carboxylic acid belonging to phenazines using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were $25{\mu}g/ml$, $50{\mu}g/ml$, ${\geq}25{\mu}g/ml$, and ${\geq}50{\mu}g/ml$ for MRSA CCARM 3089, 3090, 3091, and 3095 strains, respectively. P. aeruginosa BCNU 1204 may be a potential resource for the development of anti-MRSA antibiotics. Additional research is required to identify the active substance from P. aeruginosa BCNU 1204.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing ratio of Agaricus blazei Murill powder and butter in the preparation of cookies. The experimental design utilized herein was based on central composite design for response surface methodology, which included 10 experimental points, including 2 replicates for Agaricus blazei Murill and butter. The physical, mechanical, and sensory properties of the test were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the final mixed product. The spread ratio increased significantly with an increase in Agaricus blazei Murill powder and butter (p<0.05). The response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effect of Agaricus blazei Murill powder and butter on cookie moisture and color (L, a) (p<0.001). Sensory evaluation showed significant values for color (p<0.05), flavor (p<0.05), texture (p<0.05) and overall quality (p<0.01) in the predicted model. The optimum formulation by numerical and graphical methods was calculated as follows: Agaricus blazei Murill powder 3.63 g, butter 55.37 g.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2024

Four children's cosmetic sets were purchased online, labeled for use from 4 years of age, and 81 components of each were analyzed for lead, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, nickel, cobalt, copper, chromium, and mercury by inductive coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP - MS). The average metal concentrations were as follows: 0.82 ㎍/g for lead, 0.03 ㎍/g for cadmium, 0.97 ㎍/g for arsenic, 0.52 ㎍/g for antimony, 2.32 ㎍/g for nickel and 0.01 ㎍/g for mercury which was lower than the acceptable standards for all products. Higher mean values of lead, antimony, cobalt, and copper were detected in imported than domestic products (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the average values of heavy metals according to the type of cosmetics (p < 0.05), with eyeshadow showing the highest mean values of arsenic 2.47 ㎍/g, nickel 6.36 ㎍/g, and chromium 11.06 ㎍/g. and the highest mean concentrations were 1.20 ㎍/g for lead, 1.17 ㎍/g for antimony, and 23.60 ㎍/g for copper in blusher. The levels of cobalt in the 81 children's cosmetics were ND ~ 5.23 ㎍/g, copper were ND ~ 379.61 ㎍/g, and chromium were detected ND ~ 36.95 ㎍/g, respectively. Brown colored cosmetics had the highest mean concentrations of nickel and cobalt. Purple-colored cosmetics had the highest mean concentration of lead and chromium.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.340-346
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• 1996

In order to find out if staphylococci occur in significant numbers in Korean fermented fish products, a total of 40 different fermented fish products were collected from different markets in Korea and analyzed for their physico-chemical and microbiological states. The pH, salt concentration and water activity of the products were measured and the total viable cell count and the number of Staphylococcus grown on mannitol salt agar were determined. The identification of the strains of Staphylococcus were made by API Staph Strip and MIS identification kits, and the physiological properties of the identified strains were further characterized by different conventional methods. The pH, salt content and water activity of fermented fish samples varied widely from 4.8 to 7.1, 7.4-28.7$%$ and 0.77-0.84, repectively, depending on the type of product. The total viable cell count varied from $10^4-10^9$ cfu/ml, and most of the samples had $10^5-10^6$ cfu/ml No correlation was found between the viable cell count and the pH, NaCl concentration and water activity of the samples. Among the 35 colonies identified as Staphylococcus strains by the identification kits, S. xylosus was the most frequently occurring strain marking 17, and S. warneri was 8, S. epidermidis 4 and S. cohnii 2. S. hominis, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus and S. aureus were also identified once each. In some samples (K-3, P-6, K-8, G-5 and G-10), 2-3 different species of Staphylococcus were found. Considering the region of sampling, among the 10 samples from Kunsan 5 were identified as S. warneri, while in the other regions S. xylosus was predominant. Although the physiological characteristics of the identified strains were generally consistent with those in Bergey's Manual, some discrepances were also observed. All the strains were highly salt tolerant, growing in the media containing over 18$%$ NaCl. All the strains except S. aureus (G-11) showed negative in hemolysis activity, plasma coagulation and DNase tests. All the strains including S. aureus (G-11) showed negative in enterotoxin test.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.363-375
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• 2019

Let G = (V, E) be a simple graph with p vertices and q edges. A subset S of V (G) is called a strong (weak) efficient dominating set of G if for every $v{\in}V(G)$ we have ${\mid}N_s[v]{\cap}S{\mid}=1$ (resp. ${\mid}N_w[v]{\cap}S{\mid}=1$), where $N_s(v)=\{u{\in}V(G):uv{\in}E(G),\;deg(u){\geq}deg(v)\}$. The minimum cardinality of a strong (weak) efficient dominating set of G is called the strong (weak) efficient domination number of G and is denoted by ${\gamma}_{se}(G)$ (${\gamma}_{we}(G)$). A graph G is strong efficient if there exists a strong efficient dominating set of G. In this paper, some cycle and star related Nordhaus-Gaddum type relations on strong efficient dominating sets and the number of strong efficient dominating sets are studied.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

Effects of air pollutants on the chemical properties of soil in Yoch'on inductrial complex were investigated. Soil pH showed severe acidity with average value of 4.3$\pm$0.13. Soil pH decreaed along the increase in altitute of Mt. Jeseok. Soil organic matter and total N was 19.2$\pm$3.6% and 4.7$\pm$0.25mg/g, respectively, which were higher than those of unpolluted area, Kongju. Available P was 41.2$\pm$3.7 $\mu$g/g, which was 4 times greater than that of unpolluted area, Kongju. Average content of total-S was 283.5$\pm$14.1 $\mu$g/g, which was 10 times greater than that of unpolluted area. Content of available Al was o.43$\pm$0.03 mg/g, which was 2 times greater than that of unpolluted area. Available Al increased as the soil pH decrease. Contents of exchangeable K, Ca and Mg were significantly lower than those in unpolluted area, because of severe leaching in acid soil.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting kid survivability in goats from birth to 90 days of age. The purebreds had lower survivability than the crossbreds, with significant (p$<$0.05) difference amongst themselves for the age of 31 to 90 days. The locational effect on survivability was insignificant for all the periods except 16 to 60 days (p$<$0.05) of age. The sex and birth type also had significant (p$<$0.05) effect on survivability for all the periods except 0 to 7 days of age. The survivability was found to be significantly (p$<$0.05) higher for kids born in summer season followed by those born in winter and rainy season. Milk produced by the does were significantly (p$<$0.05) affected on the survivability of kids during the period from 16 to 60 days of age. The survivability of kids were highest and lowest having milk yield of doe found to be 400-600 g/day and 80-200 g/day, respectively. Birth weight had significant (p$<$0.05) effect on survivability for all the stages of growth up to 90 days of age. Survivability was positively correlated with does’ milk yield as well as kids birth weight. Interactions of sex with location or birth type were significant (p$<$0.01 and p$<$0.05, respectively) though interaction between sex and genetic group was insignificant.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.567-582
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• 2024

A total coloring of a graph G is an assignment of colors to the elements of a graphs G such that no adjacent vertices and edges receive the same color. The total chromatic number of a graph G , denoted by χ''(G), is the minimum number of colors that suffice in a total coloring. In this paper, we proved the Behzad and Vizing conjecture for certain convex polytope graphs D^p_n, Q^p_n, R^p_n, E_n, S_n, G_n, T_n, U_n, C_n,respectively. This significant result in a graph G contributes to the advancement of graph theory and combinatorics by further confirming the conjecture's applicability to specific classes of graphs. The presented proof of the Behzad and Vizing conjecture for certain convex polytope graphs not only provides theoretical insights into the structural properties of graphs but also has practical implications. Overall, this paper contributes to the advancement of graph theory and combinatorics by confirming the validity of the Behzad and Vizing conjecture in a graph G and establishing its relevance to applied problems in sciences and engineering.