• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 2007

In this paper we prove the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability by considering the cases that the approximate remainder ${\varphi}$ is defined by $f(x{\ast}y)+f(x{\ast}y^{-1})-2g(x)-2g(y)={\varphi}(x,y)$, $f(x{\ast}y)+g(x{\ast}y^{-1})-2h(x)-2k(y)={\varphi}(x,y)$, where (G, *) is a group, X is a real or complex Hausdorff topological vector space and f, g, h, k are functions from G into X.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.435-447
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• 2012

Let G be a group. Let R be a G-graded commutative ring with identity and M be a G-graded multiplication module over R. A proper graded submodule Q of M is semiprime if whenever $I^nK{\subseteq}Q$, where $I{\subseteq}h(R)$, n is a positive integer, and $K{\subseteq}h(M)$, then $IK{\subseteq}Q$. We characterize semiprime submodules of M. For example, we show that a proper graded submodule Q of M is semiprime if and only if grad$(Q){\cap}h(M)=Q+{\cap}h(M)$. Furthermore if M is finitely generated then we prove that every proper graded submodule of M is contained in a graded semiprime submodule of M. A proper graded submodule Q of M is said to be almost semiprime if (grad(Q)$\cap$h(M))n(grad$(0_M){\cap}h(M)$) = (Q$\cap$h(M))n(grad$(0_M){\cap}Q{\cap}h(M)$). Let K, Q be graded submodules of M. If K and Q are almost semiprime in M such that Q + K $\neq$ M and $Q{\cap}K{\subseteq}M_g$ for all $g{\in}G$, then we prove that Q + K is almost semiprime in M.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.78-81
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• 2014

Irinotecan suppository was prepared using the moulding method with a homogeneous blend. A sensitive and specific fluorescence method was developed and validated for the determination of irinotecan in plasma using HPLC. The pharmacokinetics of intravenous administered and rectal administered in rabbits was investigated. Following a single intravenous dose of irinotecan (50 mg/kg), the plasma irinotecan concentration demonstrated a bi-exponential decay, with a rapid decline over 15 min. $C_{max}$, $t_{1/2}$, $AUC_{0-30h}$ and $AUC_{0-{\infty}}$ were $16.1{\pm}2.7g/ml$, $7.6{\pm}1.2h$, $71.3{\pm}8.8{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$ and $82.3{\pm}9.5{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$, respectively. Following rectal administration of 100 mg/kg irinotecan, the plasma irinotecan concentration reached a peak of $5.3{\pm}2.5{\mu}g/ml$ at 4 h. The $AUC_{0-30h}$ and $AUC_{0-{\infty}}$ were $32.2{\pm}6.2{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$ and $41.6{\pm}7.2{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$, respectively. It representing ~50.6% of the absolute bioavailability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1642-1647
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• 1999

Twenty healthy adult volunteers (divided into two groups) were given with 100 mL of acidophilus milk, twice a day, containing $1{\times}10^8\;cfu/mL$ of Lactobacillus acidophilus SNUL 01 or SNUL 02 originated from healthy Korean adults. The floral changes of lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens surviving in the feces as well as the pH of the fecal material have been studied for three weeks. Initial pH of the fecal samples before taking acidophilus milk were about pH 7 and it has been decreased to about pH 5 when the acidophilus milk was given. Population of fecal lactobacilli increased from about $10^7\;cfu/g\;to\;10^8\;cfu/g$ of fecal material after 4 days of acidophilus milk intake and the high population of lactobacilli was maintained up to 21 days. Viable cells of the fecal E. coli and C. perfringens have been decreased from about $10^7{\sim}10^8\;cfu/g\;and\;10^5{\sim}10^6\;cfu/g\;to\;10^6\;cfu/g\;and\;10^3\;cfu/g$ of fecal material after 21 days, respectively. In conclusion, continuous intake of acidophilus milk made with L. acidophilus SNUL 01 and SNUL 02 helped maintaining normal intestinal microflora, suppress harmful microorganisms.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effect of treatment with intravenous human immunoglobulin G (hIVIgG) on outcome in dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), and to identify prognostic variables that determine outcome in affected dogs. Thirty-seven dogs that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in a retrospective study. The dogs were categorized into two groups based on their having received hIVIgG. There was no significant difference in survival between the hIVIgG group and the non-hIVIgG group. Mortality during hospitalization and at 1 month, 1 year, or 2 years after discharge was not significantly different between the hIVIgG and the non-hIVIgG groups. Hemoglobinuria was significantly less prevalent in dogs that lived more than 1 year than in those who lived less than 1 year, and was less prevalent in dogs that lived more than 2 years than in those who lived less than 2 years. However, there was no difference in the presence of hemoglobinuria between dogs that lived less than 1 month and those that lived more than 1 month. Overall, there was no evidence of a beneficial effect of hIVIgG in dogs with idiopathic IMHA.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.161-181
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate citation behavior in internet news to research papers of 10 domestic economic institutes and to suggest institutes' impact quantitatively with h-index and various modified indices. Content analysis of 878 news articles that collected from NAVER news site was performed. First, as citing behavior, cited numbers of research papers, preferred news media, speed, source entry accuracy, centrality, subject section, and length by the institutes were examined. Next, impact indices for institutes were calculated by cited numbers using h-index, g-index, $h_s$-index, and $g_s$-index, and the ranking of 10 research institutes were determined by each impact indices. As a result, institutes belonged to upper ranks showed little variation among the different indices. On the other hand, institutes belonged to middle and lower ranks showed variations in impact indices and experts' survey.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2005

The effects of various carbon sources on the secretion of hGM-CSF, total protein and protease into the medium were investigated in transgenic tobacco cells. The dry cell weight (11.2 g/L) and wet cell weight (310.8 g/L) were highest at 30 g/L glucose after 5-day culture but, the dry cell weight (13.4 g/L) and wet cell weight (480 g/L) were highest at 30 g/L sucrose after 10-day culture. The total protein (110.3 mg/L), protease activity (3950 U/L) and total secreted hGM-CSF (56 mg/L) were highest at 30 g/L sucrose after 10-day culture. Stabilization of the total secreted protein and hGM-CSF in various carbon source concentrations was determined. Total secreted protein was most stabilized in the medium containing sucrose. However, the loss of the total protein was increased with the concentrations of high level in medium containing sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, and glucose. hGM-CSF was more stabilized in the medium containing sucrose than in the medium containing sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, glucose.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.241-248
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• 2008

This study has been carried out to secretion antibodies for the purpose of preventing the infection of Helicobacter pylori and using them as a supplement for treatment. This experiments have been separated antigens from H. pylori and observed into antibody production and the agglutination of H. pylori for the separated antigens. As major antigenic proteins separated from H. pylori, the following could be verified: 12 kinds of band for whole cell (WC), seven kinds of band for outer membrane protein (OMP), three kinds of band for crude urease, and one kind of band for lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The IgG anti-H. pylori antibody of separated antigens showed $77.9{\pm}6.4{\mu}g/ml$ for we (L), $84.9{\pm}6.4{\mu}g/ml$ for OMP, and $123.8{\pm}2.9{\mu}g/ml$ for crude urease, at the same antigen concentration of $20{\mu}g/100ull$, which showed the most at the crude urease. And it turned out that the IgA antibodies were generated with $2.5{\pm}0.32{\mu}g/ml$ for WC (L), $2.0{\pm}0.43{\mu}g/ml$ for OMP, and $1.3{\pm}0.25{\mu}g/ml$ for crude urease, which demonstrated the most for WC (L) antigens. As a result of verifying the immunogenecity of antigenic protein through the Western blotting, major antigenic substances could be confirmed as follows: 10 kinds for WC, six kinds for OMP and three kinds for crude urease. The agglutination values on the H. pylori of the antibody were $2^5,\;2^5,\;2^6\;and\;2^7$ at the antigen serums of anti-WC (H), anti-WC (L), anti-OMP and anti-crude urease, respectively, which indicated the highest for the antigen serum of anti-crude urease. The urease activation-inhibiting absorbance of antigen serum created by each antigen was $0.14{\pm}0.01$ for WC (H), $0.16{\pm}0.01$ for WC (L), $0.18{\pm}0.03$ for OMP, and $0.18{\pm}0.04$ for urease, demonstrating a significant inhibiting effect, compared with $0.26{\pm}0.02$ of the control group.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 2001

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and antimicrobial effects of glycerol monolaurate (monolaurin) and organic acids, either alone or in combination, against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in tryptic soy broth were determined. MIC values of monolaurin(ML), acetic (AA), citric (CA), lactic (LA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were 300$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL (0.03%), 1250$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL(0.125%), 5000$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL(0.5%), 2500$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL(0.25%) and 2500$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL(0.25), respectively. When 150$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL of ML was combined with 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL AA, 250$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL HCl and 125$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL LA, the combined agents did not increase the inhibitory effect of the most active single compound alone. This result indicates that there was little interaction between ML and A, HCl and LA. However, the combination of 150$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL ML and 250$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL CA synergistically inhibited growth of E. coli O157:H7. The present study showed that the nature of combined antimicrobial response against E. coli O157:H7 was complex, but this information would be useful for determining interaction that could compromise effectiveness in food systems.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2003

The complete nucleotide sequences of the genomic RNAs of Soybean mosaic virus strains GS (SMV-G5) and G7H (SMV-G7H) were determined and compared with sequences of other SMV strains. Each viral RNA was determined to be 9588 nucleotides in length excluding the poly (A) tail and contained an open reading frame to encode a polyprotein subsequently processed into up to ten proteins by proteolytic cleavage. Com-parison of the amino acid sequences with those of other SMV strains showed high percentage of amino acid sequence homology with the same genome organization. The nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences between SMV-G5 and SMV-G7H were greater than 99% identity. When compared with those of other SMV strains in a phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, they formed a distinct virus clade showing over 97％ amino acid identity, but were more distantly related to the other potyvirus (44.1-69.6% identity). Interestingly, SMV G7H strain caused a severe mosaic or necrosis symptom in soybean cultivars including Jinpum-1, Jinpum-2, and Sodam, whereas, no symptom was observed in SMV-G5 inoculation. Complete nucleotide sequences of these strains will give clues for determining symptom determinant(s) in future research.