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D$\acute{e}$veloppement d'un Programme d'$\acute{E}$cotourisme dans la R$\acute{e}$gion de Yeosu en Coree du Sud: le Cas de l'$\hat{I}$le de Sado et de son Relief Caract$\acute{e}$ristique (지형 특성에 기반한 여수시 사도일원의 생태관광 프로그램 구성)

  • Lee, Jeong-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.738-752
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    • 2011
  • La c$\hat{o}$te m$\acute{e}$ridionale de la Cor$\acute{e}$e du sud, et principalement la ville de Yeosu et ses environs pr$\acute{e}$sentent un int$\acute{e}$r$\hat{e}$t particulier puisque le paysage offre de nombreuses presqu'$\hat{i}$les, baies et $\hat{i}$les. Pour tirer profit de ces paysages naturels il est d'abord n$\acute{e}$ssaire de les prot$\acute{e}$ger. Malgr$\acute{e}$ la haute valeur de ces paysages naturels, ils demeurent peu connus et les analyses $\acute{e}$cotouristiques de la ville de Yeosu et ses environs sont encore incompl$\grave{e}$tes. Par ailleurs, la protection de ces paysages naturels est rendue difficile par la d$\acute{e}$sagr$\acute{e}$gation d$\hat{u}$e aux sels halo$\ddot{i}$des. Cette recherche a pour objet l'$\acute{e}$tude du tourisme physico-$\acute{e}$cologique et sa contribution au d$\acute{e}$veloppement $\acute{e}$conomique d'une r$\acute{e}$gion de Yeosu en Cor$\acute{e}$e du sud. Nous nous int$\acute{e}$ressons particuli$\grave{e}$rement au d$\acute{e}$veloppement d'une route $\acute{e}$cotouristique, aux crit$\grave{e}$res de s$\acute{e}$lection du lieu $\acute{e}$cotouristique et $\grave{a}$ la pr$\acute{e}$sentation des explications touristiques, en tenant compte de l'$\hat{i}$le de Sado et de ses paysages naturels sur le plan de l'$\acute{e}$cotourisme. Il y a plusieurs ressources $\acute{e}$cotouristiques sur l'$\hat{i}$le de Sado et dans ses environs: la plage de sable et la falaise de l'$\hat{i}$le de Sado; les traces fossiles de dinosaures, la ripple-mark et la crevasse dans le sol boueux de l'$\hat{i}$le de Joungdo; le tombolo, l'affleurement tufac$\acute{e}$ et le dyke de l'$\hat{i}$le de Silouseom; le trou provoqu$\acute{e}$ par les sels halo$\ddot{i}$des et le dyke de l'$\hat{i}$le de Jangsado; la mer ass$\acute{e}$ch$\acute{e}$e entre l'$\hat{i}$le de Naquek et l'$\hat{i}$le de Choudo. On a, g$\acute{e}$n$\acute{e}$ralement, d$\acute{e}$velopp$\acute{e}$ les reliefs li$\acute{e}$s $\grave{a}$ la couche s$\acute{e}$dimentaire et les fossiles de la derni$\grave{e}$re p$\acute{e}$riode du m$\acute{e}$sozo$\ddot{i}$que. La route $\acute{e}$cotouristique part de l'embarcad$\grave{e}$re de l'$\hat{i}$le de Sado et continue du Nord jusqu'au Sud.

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Antrum Formation and Growth of Mouse Pre-antral Follicles Cultured in Two Different Culture Media without Hormones

  • Kim, Ju-Hwan;Kim, Hwan-Tae;Park, Kee-Sang;Song, Hai-Bum;Chun, Sang-Sik
    • Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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    • 2001.03a
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    • pp.8-8
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    • 2001
  • Mouse follicles require the addition of gonadotropins (Gns) to complete maturation and ovulation of oocyte and antrum formation of follicles in vitro. However, we tried examination of in vitro growth of mouse pre-antral follicles in medium without Gns and physiological factors. And also, pre-antral follicles were isolated from ovaries by mechanical method. Our present studies were conducted to evaluate on the growth of follicles and intra-follicular oocytes and antrum formation in vitro of mouse pre-antral follicles in two different media. Pre-antral follicles (91-120${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) were isolated mechanically by fine 30G needles not using enzymes from ovary of 3-6 weeks old female ICR mice. Isolated pre-antral follicles were cultured in 20 ${mu}ell$ droplets of TCM (n=17; follicles: 107.8 $\pm$ 1.58 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$; oocytes: 59.9$\pm$1.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) or MEM (n=12; follicles: 109.3$\pm$2.53 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$; oocytes: 55.4 $\pm$1.6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) under mineral oil on the 60mm culture dish. All experimental media was supplemented with 10% FBS but without Gns and/or physiological factors. Pre-antral follicles were individually cultured in drops for 8 days. Antrum formation and growth of pre-antral follicles and intra-follicular oocytes were evaluated using a precalibrated ocular micrometer at $\times$200 magnifications during in vitro culture. Results between different groups were analyzed using combination of Student's t-test and Chi-square, and considered statistically significant when P<0.05. Antrum formation of pre-antral follicles had started in two culture media on day-2. On day-8, antrum formation had occurred in 58.3%(7/12) of pre-antral follicles cultured in MEM, but only in 23.5% (4/17) of those cultured in TCM (P=0.0364). Growth of pre-antral follicles and intra-follicular oocytes were observed on day-4 and -8. On day-4, follicular diameters was similar (P=0.1338) in TCM (119.4$\pm$2.58 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and MEM (125.4$\pm$4.52 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). However, on day-8, diameters of pre-antral follicles cultured in MEM (168.9$\pm$17.29 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) was significantly (P=0.0248) bigger than that in TCM (126.7$\pm$4.28 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). On day-4 and -8, diameters of intra-follicular oocytes were similar TCM (67.1$\pm$1.3 and 72.4$\pm$0.9${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and MEM (65.2$\pm$1.7 and 73.3$\pm$1.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), respectively. We can conform that medium not supplemented with Gns and/or physiological factors can be used for in vitro antrum formation and growth of mouse pre-antral follicles and intra-follicular oocytes. In conclusion, MEM supplemented with FBS can be used for growth in vitro of mouse pre-antral follicles isolated mechanically.

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Estimation of Evaporation Rate of Swine Slurry Using the Natural Evaporation System(NES) in summer (여름철 자연증발시스템(NES)의 腞슬러리 증발효율 평가)

  • Kim, K.Y.;Choi, H.L.;Kim, J.G.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.459-474
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to establish the optimal operation condition of the natural evaporation system(NES) which was used for reducing swine slurry. Especially the main point of this study is to estimate the effect of climate condition(clear & rainy) and spray type(batch & flow) for the evaporation rate of swine slurry applying the NES in summer. Experiment was performed from June to August, which was generally regarded as summer in Korea, with the spray type of batch in 2000 and that of flow in 2001. As a result of experiment for batch and flow type, the averaged evaporation rate was measured into 2.71 and 3.59 l/ton . $m^2$ . day on clear days and 0.62 and 0.66 l/ton . $m^2$ . day on raint days, respectively. Based on the calculated evaporation rate by the climate condition and the spray type, it was proved that the averaged reduction rate for total input(1t/day) were 15.99% and 3.19% on clear and rainy days and the evaporation rate of the flow type was superior to that of the batch type by 5%, approximately. Therefore, it was concluded that the supplementary equipment, such as fan, should by operated in rainy days and the spray type of flow rather than that of batch should be recommended to increase the evaporation rate in the natural evaporation system(NES).

Polymorphisms of the Exons 13, 15 and 16 of Transferrin Gene in Cheju Horses (제주마 Transferrin Gene Exon 13, 15 및 16의 다형현상)

  • Kim, N.Y.;Lee, S.S.;Yang, Y.H.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.391-398
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to determine the polymorphism of transferrin exons 13, 15 and 16 by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism(SSCP) analysis and to compare their genotypes of Cheju horse Group I (Cheju Institute), Cheju horse Group II (farms), and Thoroughbred (KRA). SSCP of transferrin exon 13, 15, and 16 showed two (A, B), three (A, B, C) and three (A, B, C) codominant alleles, respectively. The Group I and Thoroughbred showed the similar frequencies of allele A and B in transferrin exon 13, but only allele A was observed in Group Ⅱ. In transferrin exons 15 and 16, the frequencies of each allele were different in each Groups. The multiple allele frequencies in exons 15 and 16 suggested that the genotyping of this locus could be used to identify an individual and to test the parentage of offspring. The probability for parentage exclusion were 0.46 and 0.374 for exons 15 and 16 for Cheju horse Group I. Among the 13 combined genotypes of exons 13, 15 and 16, the genotype AA-AB-AB (0.372) is the most common in Cheju horse Group I, but genotype AA-AA-AA is common in the Cheju horse Group II (0.366) and Thoroughbred (0.767). The present study showed two new SNP, which was at the cDNA position 1626 (A/G) in B allele of the exon 13 and 2075 (C/T) in C allele of the exon 16 resulting in amino acid change (Threonine $\longrightarrow$ Methionine). Result showed that polymorphism of exons 13, 15 and 16 in Cheju horses was as high as in Thoroughbred and there was a differences of transferrin allele frequencies in Cheju horses.

Consumer Perception, Purchase Behavior and Demand on Ham and Sausage Products (햄.소시지제품에 대한 소비자 의식 및 구매 실태)

  • Cho, S. H.;Park, B. Y.;Chin, K. B.;Yoo, Y. M.;Chae, H. S.;Ahn, J. N.;Lee, J. M.;Yun, S. G.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.273-282
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    • 2003
  • Consumer survey(n=1,343) was carried out to investigate the consumer's perception, purchase behavior and demand on the processed meat products. Most consumers purchased the ham and sausage products once a month (40.73%). Consumers(47.19%) didn’t distinguish between ham and sausage products due to the similarity of meat contents and additives in products. Consumers(72.75%) considered the product label when they purchased whereas 27.25% of consumers were not interested in the product label. Consumers(47.65%) were not satisfied with ham and sausage products because there were too much additives other than meat, there were many similar processed products in kinds and appearance(27.70%) and they could hardly detect meat taste(11.62%). Consumers demanded to produce the ham and sausage products which contain high meat contents(64.04%). Consumers were favored with establishment of the price differential system depending on the quality based on meat contents in the product(83.54%). In conclusion, the establishment of the price differential system depending on quality as well as the quality grading system for processed meat products is needed not only to increase the processed meat market but also increase the pork consumption especially for non-preferred pork portions.

Effects of CLA-vegetable Oils and CLA-lard Additives on Quality Characteristics of Emulsion-type Sausage (유화형 Sausage의 품질특성에 식물성유와 동물성유 CLA 첨가가 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, J. I.;Lee, J. H.;Kwack, S. C.;Ha, Y. J.;Jung, J. D.;Lee, J. W.;Lee, J. R.;Joo, S. T.;Park, G. B.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.283-296
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    • 2003
  • Emulsion-type sausages were manufactured to investigate the effects of CLA-vegetable oils and CLA-lard on quality characteristics of emulsion-type sausage. Each treatments replaced pork back fat with CLA-corn oil (CLA-CO), CLA-safflower seed oil (CLA-SSO) and CLA-lard (CLA-LD) were stored during 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at 4$^{\circ}C$. The changes in physico-chemical properties, texture, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), fatty acid composition and CLA content of each treatments were measured during 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at 4$^{\circ}C$. During storage, pH of control showed higher pH value than that of CLA-vegetable and CLA-lard treatments. The pH values of all treatments was significantly low at storage 14 days (p<0.05). The color L* and a*-value of all the treatments was not significantly changed with the storage periods. Color b*-value of CLA-treatments was higher than that of control during the storage period. Fatty acids composition was changed by addition of CLA-vegetable oils and CLA-lard. All kinds of fatty acids composition were decreased with CLA replacements than that of the control. Whereas linolenic acid content extremely increased by replacement of CLA-vegetable. CLA content of CLA-treatments was extremely increased than that of the control. The cohesiveness, springness, gumminess and brittleness of CLA-LD treatment was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the other treatments. The TBARS value of all treatments were significantly increased (P<0.05) as the storage period was passed. TBARS of sausage products containing CLA-CO was the lowest. Summing up the a forementioned results, emulsion-type sausage manufacturing with CLA-vegetable oil and CLA-lard was not affected in physico-chemical properties and texture characteristics. Also, it may be assumed that the high quality sausage can be manufactured with the extent of storage period and CLA accumulation.

UNDERWATER DISTRIBUTION OF VESSEL NOISE (선박소음의 수중분포에 관한 연구)

  • PARK Jung Hee
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.227-235
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    • 1977
  • The noise pressure scattered underwater on account of the engine revolution of a pole and liner, Kwan-Ak-San(G. T. 234.96), was measured at the locations of Lat. $34^{\circ}47'N$, Long. $128^{\circ}53'E$ on the 16th of August 1976 and Lat. $34^{\circ}27'N$, Long. $128^{\circ}23'E$ on the 28th of July, 1977. The noise pressure passed through each observation point (Nos. 1 to 5), which was established at every 10m distance at circumference of outside hull was recorded when the vessel was cruising and drifted. In case of drifting, the revolution of engine was fixed at 600 r. p. m. and the noise was recorded at every 10 m distance apart from observation point No. 3 in both horizontal and vertical directions with $90^{\circ}$ toward the stern-bow line. In case of cruising, the engine was kept in a full speed at 700 r.p.m. and the sounds passed through underwater in 1 m depth were also recorded while the vessel moved back and forth. The noise pressure was analyzed with sound level meter (Bruel & Kjar 2205, measuring range 37-140 dB) at the anechoic chamber in the Institute of Marine Science, National Fisheries University of Busan. The frequency and sound waves of the noise were analyzed in the Laboratory of Navigation Instrument. From the results, the noise pressure was closely related to the engine revolution shelving that the noise pressure marked 100 dB when .400 r. p. m. and increase of 100 r. p. m. resulted in 1 dB increase in noise pressure and the maximum appeared at 600 r. p. m. (Fig.5). When the engine revolution was fixed at 700 r. p. m., the noise pressures passed through each observation point (Nos. 1 to 5) placed at circumference of out side hull were 75,78,76,74 and 68 dB, the highest at No.2, in case of keeping under way while 75,76,77,70 and 67 dB, the highest at No.3 in case of drifting respectively (Fig.5). When the vessel plyed 1,400 m distance at 700 r.p.m., the noise pressure were 67 dB at the point 0 m, 64 dB at 600m and 56 dB at 1,400m on forward while 72 at 0 m, 66 at 600 m and 57 dB at 1,400 m on backward respectively indicating the Doppler effects 5 dB at 0 m and 3 dB at 200 m(Fig.6). The noise pressures passed through the points apart 1,10,20,30,40 and 50 m depth underwater from the observation point No.7 (horizontal distance 20 m from the point No.3) were 68,75,62,59,55 and 51 dB respectively as the vessel was being drifted maintaining the engine revolution at 600 r. p. m. (Fig. 8-B) whereas the noise pressures at the observation points Nos.6,7,8,9 and 10 of 10 m depth underwater were 64,75,55,58,58 and 52 dB respectively(Fig.8-A).

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DISTRIBUTION OF VESSEL NOISES IN THE SAE-BA-DA (새바다호의 선박소음 분포에 관한 연구)

  • PARK Jung-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 1979
  • In this paper, the noise pressure propagated in the air on account of the engine revolution of a stern trawler, Sae-Ba-Da(G. T. 2275.71) was measured at the check points No.1 through No.43 when the vessel was cruising, towing nets, and drifting. The experiment was carried out in the period from August 23 to October 22, 1978 at the locations of lat. $33^{\circ}$ 47'N, long. $127^{\circ}$ 34'E; lat. $34^{\circ}$ 24'N, long. $128^{\circ}$ 23'E; and lat. $6^{\circ}$ 01'N, long. $108^{\circ}$ 04'E. In case of cruising, noise on the weather deck came from funnel noise. The highest noise pressure was 92dB at observation point No.9 where tile noise pressure from main engine was 105dB when the engine was operated at 730rpm and $12^{\circ}$ sorely propeller pitch. The noise measured was reduced to 90dB at observation point No.9 when the screw propeller pitch was changed to $8^{\circ}$ that resulted in reduction of engine to 103dB. In case of towing net, the main engine revolution and screw propeller pitch was fixed at 730rpm and $8^{\circ}$ respectively. But the engine noise pressure was increased up to 106dB due to the towing resistance by 14 tons of the nets, and the noise pressure was 90dB at No.9 point. A hight noise was also generated from screw because of the towing reoistance and could be measurable even in the wall of the insulated freezing room. When the vessel was drifting: the noise pressure from the generator operated, at 720rpm was 100dB. This caused 87dB noise pressure at No.9 point. The noise pressure in the boarding or residence sections was 45 to 60dB in each case of cruisinrg towing net or drifting but it was so high as 82dB on the open deck that voice could hardly be heap.

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Effect of heat stress on growth performance and physiological changes of pigs in commercial farm (고온스트레스가 일반 양돈농가의 돼지 생산성 및 생리 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Oh, Seo Young;Jeong, Yong Dae;Kim, Doo Wan;Min, Ye Jin;Yu, Dong Jo;Kim, Ki Hyun;Kim, Young Hwa
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.7
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    • pp.130-139
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    • 2017
  • This study investigated the effect of heat stress on the performance and blood characteristics in commercial pig farms. A total of 180 growing pigs and 180 finishing pigs were assigned to two treatments consisting of thermal-neutral period(TNP) and high-temperature period(HTP) with three replications in floor pen, respectively. Feeding trials in the TNP and HTP were individually performed in autumn and summer seasons, respectively. Temperature-humidity index(THI) was calculated by temperature and humidity. Performance and physiological responses were identified per growth stages and feeding trial. Average temperature and THI were $16.8^{\circ}C$ and 61.4 at the TNP, and $25^{\circ}C$ and 74.3 at the HTP, respectively. Growing pigs in HTP exhibited lower BW, ADG and ADFI than in TNP(p<0.01). Similarly, finishing pigs showed lower growth parameters in HTP than in TNP(p<0.01). Lymphocytes and neutrophils of growing pigs were lower in HTP than in TNP(p<0.05). The serum T-PRO and NEFA in finishing pigs were higher in HTP than in TNP(p<0.05). In HTP, finishing pigs had higher cortisol levels than in TNP. Therefore, HTP can negatively influence growth performance and nutritional metabolism in pigs. Our results may provide useful information for developing feeding programs and diets to control heat stress for swine farms.

Effectiveness of Soft Stimulation Protocol, Compared with Conventional GnRH Antagonist Multiple dose Protocol in Patients Undergoing Controlled Ovarian Stimulation with Intrauterine Insemination (과배란유도하 자궁강내 인공수정시술을 받는 환자에서 연성자극요법과 성선자극호르몬 길항제 다회투여법의 효과 비교)

  • Kim, Chung-Hoon;Kang, Hyuk-Jae;Kim, So-Ra;Jeon, Gyun-Ho;Lee, Hyang-Ah;Kim, Sung-Hoon;Chae, Hee-Dong;Kang, Byung-Moon
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2010
  • Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of soft stimulation protocol using GnRH antagonist/clomiphene citrate (CC)/recombinant FSH (rFSH) in patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) with intrauterine insemination (IUI), compared with GnRH antagonist multiple dose protocol (MDP) using GnRH antagonist/rFSH. Methods: Eighty infertile women were randomized to soft stimulation protocol group (n=40) or GnRH antagonist MDP group (n=40). In both groups, IUI was performed 36~40 hours after hCG injection. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, $\chi^2$ test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Results: Total dose and days of rFSH required for COS were significantly fewer in soft stimulation protocol group (p<0.001, p<0.001). A premature LH surge did not occur in any patients of both groups. Clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was similar between the two groups. Conclusion: Soft stimulation protocol provides comparable pregnancy rates to GnRH antagonist MDP despite fewer total dose and days of rFSH, and so can become one of the patient-friendly, cost-effective alternatives for infertile patients undergoing COS with IUI.