• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 2012

Purpose : To investigate the pharmacologic modulation of motor task-dependent physiologic responses by antiplatelet agent, clopidogrel, during hand motor tasks in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy, right-handed subjects underwent three functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) sessions: one before drug administration, one after high dose drug administration and one after reaching drug steady state. For the motor task fMRI, finger flexion-extension movements were performed. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast was collected for each subject using a 3.0 T VHi (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, USA) scanner. $T2^*$-weighted echo planar imaging was used for fMRI acquisition. The fMRI data processing and statistical analyses were carried out using SPM2. Results: Second-level analysis revealed significant increases in the extent of activation in the contralateral motor cortex including primary motor area (M1) after drug administration. The number of activated voxels in motor cortex was 173 without drug administration and the number increased to 1049 for high dose condition and 673 for steady-state condition respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the magnitude of BOLD signal change in terms of peak T value. Conclusion: The current results suggest that cerebral motor activity can be modulated by clopidogrel in healthy subjects and that fMRI is highly senstive to evidence such changes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.60 no.1
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2022

In removable partial dentures, abutment teeth are essential for support, maintenance, and stability of partial dentures, and are an important factor in the fabrication of functional dentures. If the number of periodontally sound abutments is sufficient and they are located on both sides, it will be easy to manufacture functional dentures with good support, maintenance, and stability. But on the contrary, if the number of teeth is insufficient or if they are located on one side, it is biomechanically disadvantageous and relatively difficult to make functional denture. On the other hand, recently, implant-supported removable dentures, which reinforce the three elements of maintenance, support, and stability by using implant surveyed crown, have been frequently selected as treatment plans. In particular, by adding an implant surveyed crown when only a small number of residual teeth remain, mastication efficiency, esthetics, patient comfort, and pronunciation can be improved. In this case, bilateral posterior extension partial denture was fabricated using implant surveyed crown as abutments by placing implants in the premolars area opposite to the residual tooth unilaterally in the mandible. As a result, the asymmetry of the abutment was resolved, and the maintenance and stability of the denture was achieved.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.353-362
• /
• 2010

The contents of functional and nutritional components of 13 cultivars of Chinese cabbage (CC, $Brassica$ $rapa$ subspecies $campestris$) were analyzed to compare the effects of soil pH of the greenhouse (pH 6.2) and outdoor (pH 7.6). The CC cultivated on pH 6.2 (CC-6.2) soil contained significantly increased amounts (2-9 fold) of pectin, crude protein, vitamin C and vitamin E compared to the counterpart (CC-7.6). The contents of ash and the minerals (Ca, Fe, Na, and Mn) were also significantly increased in CC-6.2. However, CC-6.2 contained 40-50% lower contents of reducing sugars, cellulose and crude fat than CC-7.6. CC-7.6 contained more glucosinolates, gluconasturtiin (18.33 vs. $1.16nmol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ wet weight) and gluconapin (145 vs. $2nmol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ wet wt), than CC-6.2. In conclusion, CC-6.2 had an improved texture (high pectin and low cellulose) and nutritional value (high in protein, Ca, Fe, vitamin C, and E), whereas the CC-7.6 had better taste (high in reducing sugars) and anticancer functionality (high in glucosinolates).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.382-390
• /
• 2021

In this study, solubilized yuzu pulp powder (EYP) was produced using enzyme treated yuzu pulp powder (YP) and used to manufacture yuzu granules (0-20% EYP content). The physicochemical, product stability, and functional properties of Yuzu granules were compared among five enzyme treatments. Among the five treatments, CL had the highest YP solubilization yield (48.68%). Microstructural observation of EYP using FE-SEM revealed that its surface became irregular and porous after enzymatic treatment. Compared to YP, EYP had 2 times lower insoluble dietary fibers and 3 times lower hemicellulose and cellulose content. Among the yuzu granules, IV (yuzu granules with 15% EYP) had an excellent water and oil holding capacity and flowability. IV granule had the highest narirutin and hesperidin content of 3.4 mg and 2.2 mg/g DW, respectively and the highest antioxidant (68.4%) and tyrosinase inhibitory activities (82.5%). Therefore, EYP or granule with EYP can be used as a functional component in food industry or pharmaceutical field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.212-218
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to determine the relative quality of mungbeans harvested in bulk after applying a labor-saving cultivation (LSC) method, compared to mungbeans harvested three different times under the conventional cultivation condition. There was no significant difference in starch, crude protein, and vitexin or isovitexin content of seed according to the cropping system or harvest time. The mungbeans grown under the LSC method had the highest crude fat content, followed by mungbeans from the third-, the second- and the first-harvest mungbeans under the conventional cultivation. No significant difference was found in the composite ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids according to cropping system or harvest time. The second-harvest mungbeans grown under the conventional cultivation condition had 17 different types of fatty acids, while the third-harvest mungbeans grown under the conventional cultivation and those grown under the LSC condition had the fewest types of fatty acids with 12. Of the major saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid and arachidonic acid had the highest composite ratio in the first conventional cultivation followed by the second, the third and the LSC. However, stearic acid showed the opposite tendency. Of the major unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid had the highest composite ratio in the first conventional cultivation, followed by the second and third conventional cultivation and the LSC. Amylogram characteristics of the mungbeans were significantly different according to cropping system and harvest times. The mungbeans harvested after the first conventional cultivation had significantly higher pasting temperature, peak viscosity, holding strength viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown, while mungbeans harvested after the third conventional cultivation had significantly higher setback viscosity. In contrast, the mungbeans harvested under the LSC methods had a significantly lower amylogram value. When harvest rate, color values and amino acid content of sprout were measured, mungbeans grown under the LSC conditions had a low harvest rate of sprout, but had Hunter's color values and amino acid content of sprout similar to those of mungbeans grown under the conventional cultivation condition.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.94-98
• /
• 2008

To search functional biomaterials of citrus pressed cake, the chemical constituents were analyzed Moisture content of citrus pressed cake varied slightly with sampling time. Moisture, non-nitrogen compounds, crude protein, crude fat, and ash of citrus pressed cake were 82.23% 16.94% 1.27% 2.5%, 0.58% (all w/w) on average, respectively. The chemical composition of citrus pressed cake was more similar to the peel than to the flesh of Citrus unshiu var: miyakawa. The pH, acid content, and pectin content were 3.57, 0.43% (w/w) and 1.49% (w/w), respectively. The vitamin C content of peel of Citrus unshiu var. miyakawa was 87.1mg/100g, and was higher than the 46.4mg/100g of citrus pressed cake. Total carotenoids of citrus pressed cake, and the peel and flesh of Citrus unshiu var. miyakawa, were 512.2mg/kg, 2,649.5mg/kg, and 199.4mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, citrus pressed cake may be utilized as a natural source of pectin, flavonoids and carotenoids. The major inorganic elements of citrus pressed cake were 201.3mg/100g of K, 47.9mg/100g of Ca, 19.4/100g of P, and 17.8/100g of Mg. The major free sugar contents of citrus pressed cake were 3.05% (w/w) fructose, 2.91% (w/w) glucose, and 4.94%(w/w) sucrose. Total free sugar was 9.91% (w/w), corresponding to 58.5% of 1be non-nitrogen compounds. The main flavonoids of Citrus unshiuwere narirutin, hesperidin, and rutin. Neohesperidin and hesperetin were also detected in trace amounts. Themajor flavonoids of citrus pressed cake were hesperidin and narirutin, and the content of hesperidin was 194.6mg/100g.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.12
• /
• pp.1681-1689
• /
• 2011

The beneficial effects of tea catechins (TCs) are related not only to their antioxidant potential but also to the improvement of animal meat quality. In this study, we assessed the effects of dietary TC supplementation on plasma biochemical parameters, hormone responses, and glutathione redox status in goats. Forty Liuyang goats were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 animals/group) that were assigned to four experimental diets with TC supplementation at 4 levels (0, 2,000, 3,000 or 4,000 mg TC/kg DM feed). After a 60-day feeding trial, all goats were slaughtered and sampled. Dietary TC treatment had no significant effect on blood biochemical parameters, however, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.01), plasma urea nitrogen (p<0.01), and glucose (p<0.001) decreased and total protein (p<0.01) and albumin (p<0.05) increased with the feeding time extension, and day 20 was the turning point for most of changes. Interactions were found in glutathione (p<0.001) and the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (p<0.05) in whole blood between treatment and feeding time. Oxidized glutathione in blood was reduced (p<0.05) by 2,000 mg TC/kg feed supplementation, and a similar result was observed in longissimus dorsi muscle. Though plasma glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) and glutathione reductase (p<0.05) activities were affected by treatment and feeding time interactions, and glutathione S-transferases activity increased with feeding day extension, no changed values appeared in longissimus dorsi muscle. In conclusion, dietary TC supplementation affected the concentrations of some blood metabolites and accelerated GSH depletion in the blood of goats. In terms of less high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the highest insulin and IGF-I concentrations, the highest ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione in plasma, the dosage of 2,000 mg TC/kg feed might be desirable for growing goats to prevent glutathione depletion and keep normal physiological metabolism.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.1181-1216
• /
• 2013

This study was accomplished to enhance brand value for hanwoo and to develop strategy for brand positioning that move customer's heart. This study in order to achieve the research was carried out as follows: First, the cluster analysis based on demographic characteristics for consumer on the basis of three types segmentation on market was conducted. Market A was consisted of a well-educated, high-income and young bracket. Market B was consisted of a well-educated, high-income and middle-aged bracket. Market C was consisted of a low-income and middle-aged class. Second, consumer's positioning map was analyzed based on perceiving data which are products' functional, emotional, and self-expressive benefits about consumer's feeling beef products. This study was analyzed each relative brand advantage and structure of competition on segmented market by conjoining each brands positioning map and feature vectors map. By the result of the analysis, each brand's positioning strategy was devised. As a result of the study, the hoengseong hanwoo is competitive about all kinds of market. We chooses that hoengseong hanwoo's target is A market, because that brand is evaluated as a high-ranked quality by high-class image of luxury price, quality, brand image. For management improvement sake, this brand(the hoengseong hanwoo) is needed to effort for promoting consumer's awareness about safety and reliability.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.276-288
• /
• 2014

The six polysaccharide fractions were prepared by chromatographic procedure from the hot water extracts of the aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus. These six polysaccharides from aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge were tested for gut-mucosal immune activity and acute toxicity. In a view of molecular weight, the six fractions were estimated to be 75000, 88000, 129000 and 345000 Da, respectively. Component sugar analysis indicated that these fractions were mainly consisted of galactose (46.3 ~ 11.8%) and arabinose (35.4 ~ 9.9%) in addition to glucose, rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. Among the six major purified polysaccharides, AMA-1-b-PS2 showed highest bone merrow cell proliferation and lymphocyte of Peyer's patch stimulating activity. It may be concluded that intestinal immune system modulating activity of aboveground parts from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge is caused by polysaccharides having a polygalacturonan moiety with neutral sugars such as arabinose and galactose. In single oral dose toxicity study, no differences were observed between control and treated groups in clinical signs. The results indicated that lethal dose 50 ($LD_{50}$) of water extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts was found to be higher than 5000 mg/kg/day in this experiment. From the above results, we may suggest that Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts might have useful as a safe material for functional food and pharmaceutics.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2013

To investigate the effects of functional MA films (FMA) masterbatched by zeolite powder treated with 1 N HCl, 0.5 N NaCl solution and anti-fogging agent (NA) compared with control on the freshness extension of 'Fuji' apples during storage at $15^{\circ}C$. Preference, weight loss, total ascorbic acid, sugar content, acidity, change of gas composition in package were measured. After 150 days of storage, the weight loss of control (L) apples was 1%, that of apple in FMA film (NA) was 1.5% after 150 days. Total ascorbic acid content of apples in control (L) after 150 days was 2.09 mg%, those of apple in FMA film (NA) was 2.72 mg%. The titratable acidity of apple in FMA film was higher than that in control, while soluble solids content of apples in FMA film was lower than that in control after 150 days. Ethylene gas adsorbability in control was 192.2 ppm and those in FMA film was 141.4 ppm after 150 days. Overall, apples in FMA film was better than that of control. It was verified that apples packed with LLDPE film (control) lasted about 130days, while those with FMA films lasted about 170 days. Also, FMA films treated with anti-fogging agent few different compare to nontreated film, but commerdity on the display in market was considered higher than that of non-treated anti-fogging agent.