• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.101-112
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• 2017

We investigated the neural representation of reward probability recognition and its neural connectivity with other regions of the brain. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we used a simple guessing task with different probabilities of obtaining rewards across trials to assay local and global regions processing reward probability. The results of whole brain analysis demonstrated that lateral prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal lobe, and postcentral gyrus were activated during probability-based decision making. Specifically, the higher the expected value was, the more these regions were activated. Fronto-parietal connectivity, comprising inferior parietal regions and right lateral prefrontal cortex, conjointly engaged during high reward probability recognition compared to low reward condition, regardless of whether the reward information was extrinsically presented. Finally, the result of a regression analysis identified that cortico-subcortical connectivity was strengthened during the high reward anticipation for the subjects with higher cognitive impulsivity. Our findings demonstrate that interregional functional involvement is involved in valuation based on reward probability and that personality trait such as cognitive impulsivity plays a role in modulating the connectivity among different brain regions.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.388-403
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• 2009

Nature is suiting to the objective of oneself, structurally safe and functional. It continues to transform itself into various forms and has aesthetic beauty. By analyzing how nature's organic property has been expressed in different cases of furniture design, which has objective purpose, this research presents designing pathway to induce nature's organic oder into the furniture design. Simile expression type clearly shows its form through exposing the natural material that it is made out of. Visually, esthetic beauty can be emphasized and mentally it can provide pleasantness. Metaphorical expression type only hints the original material that was used to reproduce. Under the same condition it can have subjective perception and it needs to be used suitably at the right place and time. Abstract expression type it might be hard to recognize the original material visually since it went through many transformation in expression, however it can stage extreme and mysterious atmosphere. Furniture designs employing these three types can have functionality as well as decorative and serve variety of change in the existing uniformed interior space, and it can also satisfy individual's need with practicality and provide aesthetic beauty.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.149-157
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• 2013

As a period of pluralism, today's museum architecture has been expanding social and cultural meaning. So, Various expressions are appearing in museum architecture. Accordingly, the museum must be very reproducible and comply with aesthetic requirements. At the same time, museum construction in urban design and features must satisfy professional requirements. SANAA is one of contemporary architects has been decisively deleted existing fixed and functional layout type of program through 'The new hierarchy'. Thus, the experience of the space will vary. Now, museum space is urgently needed than ever before crustal movements. Thus, this study aims to contribute an alternative to the museum space configuration according to the trend of the times through 'The new hierarchy' of SANAA. This paper is limited to the cases of the SANAA's museum architecture. We analyze the characteristics of representation on 'The new hierarchy' appear in the museum space configuration and then, examine the value of the spatial. SANAA's 'New Hierarchy' is going to set the cognitive boundary by expression targeting plane and the surface. It is completely different than the previous boundaries. Characteristics of the expression represents non-centrality, decentrally, non-oriented, uncertainty, non-territorialization, uniformity. It is steady that identity of Space, Human, Environment in Museum. They have a relationship each concept of Independence, autonomy, equality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.15-21
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• 1977

The syntactic pattern recognition system of Korean characters is composed of three main functional parts; Preprocessing, Graph-representation, and Segmentation. In preprocessing routine, the input pattern has been thinned using the Hilditch's thinning algorithm. The graph-representation is the detection of a number of nodes over the input pattern and codification of branches between nodes by 8 directional components. Next, segmentation routine which has been implemented by top down nondeterministic parsing under the control of tree grammar identifies parts of the graph-represented Pattern as basic components of Korean characters. The authors have made sure that this system is effective for recognizing Korean characters through the recognition simulations by digital computer.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.553-563
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• 1998

In this thesis, I examined Bruner's EIS theory from the viewpoint of epistemology based on Piaget's genetic epistemology. Although Bruner's ideal thought which insisted ‘to teach the structure’accepted Piaget's theory in the methodology of realization, it is different from Piaget in understanding knowledge. The difference is shown from understanding the meaning of ‘structure’. Piaget's concept of structure is something that has overcome the realistic viewpoint of the traditional epistemology and is reconstructed through endless self-regulative transformational process. However Bruner's is used as a realistic meaning as we can see in the Plato's recollection theory. Therefore Piaget's ‘stage of development’means the difference of structure which lies in the generative process and it includes the qualitive difference of level. On the other hand, Bruner, who is trying to translate and suggest the fixed structure to the children understood Piaget's stage of development as the difference in the ways of representation. Piaget's operational constructivism insists that the children should ‘construct’the knowledge through their activity, and especially in case of the lohico-mathematical recognition, the source should be internalized activity, that is, operation. In view of this assertion, Burner's idea which insists to accept the structure of knowledge as a fixed reality and to suggest the translated representation proper to the cognitive structure of the children to teach them, has a danger of emphasizing only the functional aspects to deliver the given knowledge ‘quickly’. And it also has the danger of damaging ‘the nature of the knowledge’in the translated knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.445-458
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• 2012

The objective of GPS control surveying is ultimately to determine coordinate sets of control points within targeted accuracy through a series of observations and network adjustments. To this end, it is of equivalent importance for the accuracy of these coordinates to be realistically represented by using an appropriate method. The accuracy representation can be quantitively made by the variance-covariance matrices of the estimates, of which features are sensitive to the mathematical models used in the adjustment. This paper deals with impact of functional and stochastic modeling techniques into the accuracy representation of the GPS control surveying with a view of gaining background for its standardization. In order to achieve this goal, mathematical theory and procedure of the single-baseline based multi-session adjustment has been rigorously reviewed together with numerical analysis through processing real world data. Based on this study, it was possible to draw a conclusion that weighted-constrained adjustment with the empirical stochastic model was among the best scheme to more realistically describe both of the absolute and relative accuracies of the GPS surveying results.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.372-380
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• 2012

This study investigates the examples of memorials in which participants can communicate and interact. Memorials as an urban public space provide various information and experiences to the visitors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of participants' experience and the characteristics of memorial space. The 9 examples of the memorials are selected and analyzed by the experience type of participants. This study summarizes the characteristics of spatial representation of memorials as follow; first, the interactions and communications of participants are main considerations in designing memorials. This study defines three types of participants' experience in memorials as educational, emotional and daily urban experiences. Second, the memorial space providing educational experience has narrative characteristics which are explanatory, representational, hierarchical and figurative. Memorials represent historical events and individuals in figurative ways. Participants in memorials learn the event, mourn for the dead and cure the grief through walking the guided route. Third, the memorial space providing emotional experience is indeterminate and open-ended characteristics which are contemplative, symbolic, and abstractive. While participants try to find the way to walk through and understand the meaning of the abstract forms by themselves, they interface the event and the victims in private and individual ways. Fourth, the memorial space providing daily urban experience is the familiar urban facilities embedded remembrance such as memorial square, bridge and fountain. Symbolism of memorials and effectiveness of urban facilities are engaged into the memorial design. They have functional, participatory, interactive and recreational characteristics. People experience the memorials involuntarily and casually during their daily lives. The memorials with urban facilities can be related to the present and the future of the city as well as the past of the city.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.243-261
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate a framework for linkage of national research performance evaluation and research information service from the perspective of metadata representation and exchange. Based on results of the functional requirements for metadata of national research performance evaluation are derived, this study suggests strategies for the application of international metadata standards. Also, this study presents an method to implement the metadata of research performance evaluation based on OAI-ORE, which is an international standard that can reuse and exchange the research information on web architecture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.11-28
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• 2001

The Korean functional Genomics Project focuses on stomach and liver cancers. Specimens collected by six hospital teams are used in BNA microarray experiments. Experimental conditions, spot measurement data, and the associated clinical information are stored in a relational database. Microarray database schema was developed based on EBI's ArrayExpress. A diagrammatic representation of the schema is used to help navigate over marty tables in the database. Field description, table-to-table relationship, and other database features are also stored in the database and these are used by a PERL interface program to generate web-based input forms on the fly. As such, it is rather simple to modify the database definition and implement controlled vocabularies. This PERL program is a general-purpose utility which can be used for inputting and updating data in relational databases. It supports file upload and user-supplied filters of uploaded data. Joining related tables is implemented using JavaScripts, allowing this step to be deferred to a later stage. This feature alleviates the pain of inputting data into a multi-table database and promotes collaborative data input among several teams. Pathological finding, clinical laboratory parameters, demographical information, and environmental factors are also collected and stored in a separate database. The same PERL program facilitated developing this database and its user-interface.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2009

Concurrent Engineering(CE) has presented new possibilities for successful product development by incorporating various product life-cycle functions from the earlier stage of design. In the product design, geometric representation is vital not only in its traditional role as a means of communicating design information but also in its role as a means of externalizing designer's thought process by visualizing the design product. During the last dozens of years, there has been extraordinary development of computer-aided tools intended to generate, present or communicate 3D models. However, there has not been comparable progress in the development of 3D-CAD systems intended to represent and manipulate a variety of product life-cycle information in a consistent manner. This paper proposes a novel concept, Minus Volume (MV), to incorporate various design information relevant to product lift-cycle functions. MV is a functional shape that is extracted from a design object within a bounding box. A prototype 3D-CAD system is implemented based on the MV concept and illustrated with the successful implementation of concurrent design and manufacturing.