Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7848/ksgpc.2012.30.5.445

Impact of Mathematical Modeling Schemes into Accuracy Representation of GPS Control Surveying  

Lee, Hungkyu (창원대학교 토목공학과)
Seo, Wansoo (창원대학교 대학원 토목공학과)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography / v.30, no.5, 2012 , pp. 445-458 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objective of GPS control surveying is ultimately to determine coordinate sets of control points within targeted accuracy through a series of observations and network adjustments. To this end, it is of equivalent importance for the accuracy of these coordinates to be realistically represented by using an appropriate method. The accuracy representation can be quantitively made by the variance-covariance matrices of the estimates, of which features are sensitive to the mathematical models used in the adjustment. This paper deals with impact of functional and stochastic modeling techniques into the accuracy representation of the GPS control surveying with a view of gaining background for its standardization. In order to achieve this goal, mathematical theory and procedure of the single-baseline based multi-session adjustment has been rigorously reviewed together with numerical analysis through processing real world data. Based on this study, it was possible to draw a conclusion that weighted-constrained adjustment with the empirical stochastic model was among the best scheme to more realistically describe both of the absolute and relative accuracies of the GPS surveying results.
Keywords
Geodetic Control Point; Network Adjustment; Variance-Covariance Matrix; Accuracy; GPS;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 이경성, 이흥규 (2009), 관측데이터 처리의 품질제어를 통한 GPS 측위의 신뢰성 향상, 대한토목학회 논문집, 제29권, 제1D호, pp. 319-327.   과학기술학회마을
2 이영진, 정광호, 이흥규, 권찬오, 송준호, 조준래, 남기법, 차상헌 (2007), GPS 망조정에 의한 3등 측지기준점의 세계 측지계 성과산정, 한국측량학회지, 제25권, 제5호, pp. 437-449.
3 이영진, 이흥규, 정광호, 이준혁 (2007). GPS 망조정에 의한 2등측지기준점의 세계측지계 성과산정, 한국측량학회지, 제25권, 제5호, pp. 451-463.
4 정광호, 이흥규 (2011), GPS 측지망 조정을 통한 국가기준점 성과의 산정 체계에 관한 연구, 한국측량학회지, 제29권, 제4호, pp. 367-380.   과학기술학회마을
5 국토지리정보원 (2006), 국가기준점 망조정에 관한 연구, 연구보고서, 국토해양부 국토지리정보원, p. 450.
6 국토지리정보원 (2009), 삼각점측량 작업규정(제정), 국토해양부 국토지리정보원, p. 8.
7 국토지리정보원 (2011), 공공측량 작업(개정), 국토해양부 국토지리정보원, p. 154.
8 Agustan, Featherstone, W.E. (2004), Reprocessing the Western Australian Statefix GPS network using commercial software, 3rd FIG Regional Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia, 3-7 October.
9 FGCC(Federal Geodetic Committee) (1984), Standards and specification for geodetic control networks, National Geodetic Survey, Maryland, USA, p. 29.
10 FGCC(Federal Geodetic Committee) (1988), Geometric geodetic accuracy standards and specifications for using GPS relative positioning, National Geodetic Survey, Maryland, USA, p. 48.
11 FGCS(Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee) (1998a), Positioning accuracy standards Part 1: Reporting methodology, U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia, USA, p. 12.
12 FGCS(Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee) (1998b), Positioning accuracy standards Part 2: Standard for geodetic networks, U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia, USA, p. 9.
13 FGCS(Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee) (1998c), Positioning accuracy standards Part 3: National standard for spatial data accuracy, U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia, USA, p. 28.
14 GSD(Geodetic Survey Division) (1978), Specification and recommendations for control surveys and survey markers, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, p. 60.
15 GSD(Geodetic Survey Division) (1996), Accuracy standards for positioning, Geometics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, p. 28.
16 Greenwalt, C.R., Schultz, M.E. (1968), Principles and error theory and cartographic applications, ACIC Technical Report No. 96, St. Louis, Mo., Aeronautical Chart and Information Center, U.S. Air Force, p. 89.
17 Harvey, B.R. (1994), Practical least squares and statistics for surveyors, School of Geomatic Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, p. 319.
18 ICSM(Inter-Governmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping) (2004), Standards and practices for control surveys, Canberra, Australia, p. 90.
19 Leenhouts, P.P. (1985), On the computation of bi-normal radial error, Journal of Navigation, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 16-28.   DOI
20 Leick, A. (2004), GPS satellite surveying, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, p. 435.
21 LINZ (Land Information New Zealand) (2009a), Standard for tiers, class, and orders of LINZ data, Office of the Surveyor-General, New Zealand, p. 9.
22 LINZ (Land Information New Zealand) (2009b), Standard for the geospatial accuracy framework, Office of the Surveyor-General, New Zealand, p. 8.
23 Paul, R.W., Charles, D.G. (2006), Adjustment and computation: Spatial data analysis, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p. 611.
24 Rizos, C. (1996), Principle and practice of GPS surveying, School of Surveying & Spatial Information Systems, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, p. 555.