• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.673-679
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the effect of artificial light source and photoperiod on the growth of leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) 'Seonhong Jeokchukmyeon' in a closed-type plant production system. Seedlings were grown under 3 light sources, fluorescent lamp (FL, Philips Co. Ltd., the Netherlands), WL #1 (Hepas Co. Ltd., Korea), and WL #2 (FC Poibe Co., Ltd., Korea), each with 3 photoperiods, 12/12, 18/6, and 24/0 (Light/Dark). An irradiance spectrum analysis showed that FL has various peaks in the 400-700 nm range, while WL #1 and WL #2 have only one monochromatic peak at 450 and 550 nm, respectively. The greatest plant height, fresh and dry weights were obtained in the 24/0 (Light/Dark) photoperiod. The 24/0 (Light/Dark) photoperiod treatment promoted vegetative growth of the leaf area. Length of the longest root, number of leaves, fresh weight, and total anthocyanin contents were greater in FL than in either WL #1 or #2. The greatest chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was found in the 12/12 (Light/Dark) photoperiod with FL treatment. The energy use efficiency of the LED increased by about 35-46% as compared to FL. Results suggest a possibility of LED being used as a substitute light source for fluorescent lamp for lettuce cultivation in a plant factory system.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2007

Shape of soybean sprouts affects their marketability. This study was carried out to understand the effects of pressure in both overspraying and underwatering cultivation methods on growth and morphological characteristics of soybean sprouts. Pressing treatments were done by continuous pressing by laying a plastic culture box over another with growing the sprouts, their alteration every day, or no pressing in overspraying method, and by continuous pressing, pressing after the 4th day cultivation with 30 kg steel case, or no pressing in underwatering method. The soybean (cv. Junjery) seeds were soaked in 2 ppm BA solution for 5 hours and then aerated for 3 hours immediately before 6 day culture. Lateral roots, hypocotyl and root lengths, hypocotyl diameters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Lateral roots per sprout were decreased with stronger pressing regardless of watering methods. In overspraying method, continuous pressing treatment resulted in shortest hypocotyl, but no and ones did the longest root. In underwatering method, however, no pressing one showed the longest hypocotyl but continuous pressing did the shortest hypocotyl. Regardless of watering methods, middle part of hypocotyl was more thickened with stronger pressing although hook diameters of the 3 treatments were not affected. In overspraying method. total fresh weight per sprout was the least in no pressing but the greatest in continuous pressing. In underwatering method, however, there was no significant difference between the treatments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.140-148
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• 1968

Ginkgo biloba L., which was distributed in Korea, was x-rayed with 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 6000R. The results of responses about germination, morphological variations in seedling and early stage growth may be summarized as follows : 1. The germination percent was decreased with X-ray increasing dose from 500R except the slight stimulation of 100R. 2. The germination $LD_{50}$ seemed to be 765R. 3. The seedling height was depressed significantly but only slightly in 100R. 4. The loaf index was increased proportionally to high dose but T/R ratio was reduced apparently. 5. The dry or fresh weight decreased from 250R. It was highly significant except 100R. 6. Many morphological variations were indicated in plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.397-400
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• 1997

The experiment was carried out to determine the optimum fertilization level showing high quality on Aralia cordata Thunb. Plant height of fertilization(27-15-27kg) was promoted significantly compared with conventional fertilization(17-9-17kg). This effect was followed with increment of blanched length. Among underground parts, main root length was increased in conventional fertilization, and more cultural year was prolonged, the more yield of dry root weight was increased. Fresh leaf yield to produce high quality of Aralia cordata plant was remarkably increased about 6% in fertilization of 27-15-27kg per 10a. As a result, to produce higher good quality of the plant. the optimum fertilization level was 27-15-27kg per 10a.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2002

The effect of the foliar application of amino acid mixture on the growth of melon (Cucumis melo L.) seedlings was investigated. The amino acid treatments were initiated at the first (Ll) or second (L2) fully expanded leaf stage. The concentrations of amino acid mixture used were 0,10, 20, and 30 mg . L$^{-1}$ . At Ll stage, the fresh and dry weights of shoot were high in the amino acid treatments. Plant height was the highest in 30 mg . L$^{-1}$ at the third sampling of Ll. At L2 stage, shoot fresh weight was the greatest when the concentration of amino acid mixture was 30 mg.L$^{-1}$ at the third sampling. Plant height was the highest in 30 mg L$^{-1}$ at the second and third samplings. At the third sampling of Ll stage the amino acid mixture affected leaf length and leaf width of the first true leaf. At the third sampling of L2 stage leaf length was not significantly dirtferent between treatments, while leaf width was greater in amino acid treatments. At the second and third samplings of Ll stage the amino acid mixture had effect on leaf length and leaf width of the second true leafs which were not significantly different between treatments at L2 stage. Leaf length and leaf width of the third true leaf were affected by amino acid treatments. In conclusion, when the first true leaf expanded\ulcorner three foliar applications of 20-30 mg . L$^{-1}$ amino acid mixture can stimulate the growth of melon seedlings. If the amino acid mixture is sprayed at the second true leaf stage, two foliar applications of 30 mg . L$^{-1}$ amino acid mixture can improve the growth of melon seedlings.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of aging and soil texture on composting of diesel-contaminated soil. The soils used for this study were silt loam and sand. Target contaminant, diesel oil, was spiked at 10,000mgTPH/kg of dry soil. Aging times of diesel-contaminated soils were 15days and 60days, respectively. Fresh diesel-contaminated soil was also investigated. Moisture content was controlled to 70% of soil field capacity. Mix ratio of soil to sludge was 1:0.3 as wet weight basis. Temperature was maintained at $20^{\circ}C$ Volatilization loss of TPH was below 2% of initial concentration. n-Alkanes lost by volatilization were mainly by the compounds of C10 to C17. Diesel in contaminated soil was mainly removed by biodegradation mechanism. First order degradation rate constant of TPH in sandy soil was ranged from 0.081 to 0.094/day, which is higher than that in silt loam(0.056-0.061/day). From fresh to 60day-aged soils, there was little difference of TPH biodegradation rate between the soils. Carbon recovery ranged from 0.61 to 0.89. TPH degradation rate was highly correlated with $CO_2$ production rate.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.38-51
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• 2022

Whole-plant corn (Zea may L.) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are major summer crops that can be fed as direct-cut or silage. Proso millet is a short-season growing crop with distinct agronomic characteristics that can be productive in marginal lands. However, information is limited about the potential production, feed value, and ensilability of proso millet forage. We evaluated proso millet as a silage crop in comparison with conventional silage crops. Proso millet was sown on June 8 and harvested on September 5 at soft-dough stage. Corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid were planted on May 10 and harvested on September 10 at the half milk-line and soft-dough stages, respectively. The fermentation was evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 days after ensiling. Although forage yield of proso millet was lower than corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, its relative feed value was greater than sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude protein, and water-soluble carbohydrate decreased commonly in the ensiling forage crops. The DM loss was greater in proso millet than those in corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. The in vitro dry matter digestibility declined in the forage crops as fermentation progressed. In the early stages of fermentation, pH dropped rapidly, which was stabilized in the later stages. Compared to corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen was greater in proso millet. The count of lactic acid bacteria reached the maximum level on day 10, with the values of 6.96, 7.77, and 6.95 Log₁₀ CFU/g fresh weight for proso millet, corn, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, respectively. As ensiling progressed, the concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid of the three crops increased and lactic acid proportion became higher in the order of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, corn, and proso millet. Overall, the shorter, fast-growing proso millet comparing with corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid makes this forage crop an alternative option, particularly in areas where agricultural inputs are limited. However, additional research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of viable strategies such as chemical additives or microbial inoculants to minimize ammonia-nitrogen formation and DM loss during ensiling.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.355-362
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of rain-shelter types on growth, and fruit quality of red pepper (Capsicum annuum, 'Kemmaru') cultured in paddy. Applied rain-shelter types were outfield (control), simple rain-shelter plastic house with 2 rows (2R), simple rain-shelter plastic house with 4 rows (4R), and perfect plastic house (House). The plant height was the highest in Houses treatment. There was no difference in leaf length and width among the rain-shelter treatments. The fresh and dry weight of red pepper was high in order of House > 4R > 2R > Control. The ASTA value is irregular tendency among the treatments. Hunter's color value 'a' and 'b' was not different from among the treatments. Phytophthora blight, powdery mildew, bacterial spot were not occurred in all of treatments, and Anthracnose was only occurred in control. Mite, Microcephalothrips abdominalis, and Bemisia tabaci were not occurred in all of treatments, and aphid, Helicoverpa assulta, and virus were occurred all of treatments as same degree. Our results will provide rain-shelter cultivation of red pepper can be increase dry yield and decrease disease and insects.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of nitrogen application level of cattle sluny(T1:150, T3:250, T53.50 kglha) and chemical fertilizer(T2:150, T4:250, T6:350 kg/ha) on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield and chemical soil property of Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench]. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Mean stem diameter was significantly increased by increasing nitrogen application level of cattle slurry and chemical fertilizer. Especially, T6 treatment was the highest as 11.1 mm, while T1 treatment w a the lowest as 0.3 mrn. According to the same level of nitrogen application, cattle slurry treaunent(T1, T3 and T5) were showed a lower mean stem hardness than chemical fertilizer treatment(T2, T4 and T6). Especially, T3 treatment was the softest at 0.7 kg/$cm^2$. The dead stubble and tiller number were increased by increasing nitrogen level of cattle slurry and chemical fertilizer(P

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.819-825
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• 1995

Two sweet potato CV.(Ipomoea batatas) were examined, i.e. purple flesh sweet potato(PSP) and light yellow flesh sweet potato(LYSP) which varied in degree of sweetness. On a fresh weight basis, nitrogen free extract in cultivars ranged from $25.73{\sim}26.24%$ and PSP contained more crude fat than LYSP. Total amino acids of PSP and LYSP were 5676.57mg% and 4550.86mg%, respectively. Aspartic acid, serine, alanine and valine were the major components in sweet potatoes. Sulfur-containing amino acids are the first limiting amino acid in PSP. The major fatty acids in PSP and LYSP analyzed by GC were palmitic acid, linoleic acid. The content of the saturated fatty acid was less than that of the unsaturated fatty acid. Carbohydrate contents were $75.43{\sim}79.10%$ and neutral sugars contents were $67.22{\sim}64.85%$(dry wt). Two sweet potato CV. contained the most glucose of all neutral sugars. PSP contained 11.88% for uronic acid, 59.42% for starch. Free sugars of PSP(0.82%) was much less than that of LYSP(2.53%). The contents of thiamin, riboflavin and niacin were similar, and the ascorbic acid contents in PSP and LYSP were 63.4mg% and 48.7mg%(dry wt), respectively. Comparing the mineral content in PSP, K was the greatest element in concentration followed by mg, Ca, Na. The total dietary fiber(TDF) value was 13.43% in PSP, 9.79% in LYSP respectively. The ratio of soluble dietary fiber(SDF) content and insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) content to TDF content for PSP were 57.6%, 42.4%, respectively.