• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2023

In this paper, the evaluation method of fluidelastic instability (FEI) of newly designed steam generator tubing in pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants is discussed. To obtain the parameters for prediction of the critical velocity of FEI for steam generator tubes, experimental research is carried out, and the design parameters are determined. Using CFD numerical simulation, the tube array scale of the model experiment is determined, and the experimental device is designed. In this paper, 7 groups of experiments with void fractions of 0% (water), 10%, 20%, 50%, 75%, 85% and 95% were carried out. The critical damping ration, fundamental frequency and critical velocity of FEI of tubes in flowing water were measured. Through calculation, the total mass and instability constant of the immersed tube are obtained. The critical damping ration measured in the experiment mainly included two-phase damping and viscous damping, which changed with the change in void fraction from 1.56% to 4.34%. This value can be used in the steam generator design described in this paper and is conservative. By introducing the multiplier of frequency and square root of total mass per unit length, it is found that the difference between the experimental results and the calculated results is less than 1%, which proves the rationality and feasibility of the calculation method of frequency and total mass per unit length in engineering design. Through calculation, the instability constant is greater than 4 when the void fraction is less than 75%, less than 4 when the void fraction exceeds 75% and only 3.04 when the void fraction is 95%.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2006

본 논문은 입력 주파수대역에 따라 전력증폭기와 주파수 체배기로 동작하는 새로운 이중대역 송신모듈을 제안하고, 그 성능 개선을 위하여 DGS를 이용할 수 있음을 보였다. 일반적인 무선 랜 송신부는 두 주파수 대역에서 동작하기 위하여, 각각의 주파수 대역에서 동작하는 증폭부가 분리되어 구성되어 있으나, 제안한 이중대역 송신모듈은 하나의 송신모듈을 이용하여 입력되는 주파수와 인가하는 바이어스 전압에 따라, IEEE 802.11b/g 신호에 대해서는 증폭기로 동작하고 IEEE 802.11a 신호에 대해서는 주파수 체배기로 동작하여 두 주파수 대역에서 동작 가능하도록 하였다. 또한 출력단의 접지면을 식각하는 DGS를 이용하여, 주파수 체배기로 동작시 입력주파수의 억압뿐만 아니라 증폭기로 동작시 2차고조파를 억압하도록 하였다. 측정결과, 증폭기 모드에서 2차고조파의 억압은 -59dBc.이하이고, 주파수 체배기 모드에서 입력주파수의 억압은 -35dBc이하였다. 그리고 설계된 이중대역 송신모듈은 증폭기모드와 주파수 체배기모드에서 각각 17.8dBm의 출력P1dB와 10.1dBm의 최대 출력전력을 나타냈으며, 이는 ${\lambda}g/4$ 반사기를 사용한 모듈과 비교하여 각각 0.8dB, 2.8dB의 출력 전력이 향상되었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권12C호
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• pp.1167-1176
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 송신단에서 IFFT 를 수행한 후 Cyclic Prefix를 첨부하여 OFDM 심볼을 생성하는데 필요한 지연을 감소시킬 수 있는 IFFT(Time shifted DIT IFFT)의 구조를 제안하고, IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMax OFDMA/TDD규격에 적합한, 1024크기의 FFT에 1/8 cyclic prefix를 가지는 시스템의 송신단 IFFT를 VHDL로 설계한 결과를 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 IFFT는 OFDM송신단의 지연을 줄이기 위하여 IFFT에 역비트(Bit-Reversed) 순서로 데이터를 입력하고, FFT의 Frequency Translation 특징을 이용해 IFFT의 출력이 cyclic prefix의 길이만큼 시간영역 쉬프트(Time-shift) 되어 나오도록 구현되었다. 이 과정은 cyclic prefix의 길이 특성을 이용하여 부가적인 복소곱셈기(Complex Multiplier)없이 구현되었고, OFDM 송신단의 지연과 함께 IFFT 결과를 저장하는 메모리의 크기도 줄일 수 있다. 송신단의 최종 출력이 통상적인 OFDM 심볼과 완전히 동일하기 때문에 전체 시스템의 성능에도 영향을 미치지 않는다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제26권12C호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2001

ADSL G.LITE 모뎀이 수행하는 주파수 영역의 연산과정에서 하향링크에 대한 FET 과정과 FEQ 과정은 가장 많은 연산량을 차지하는 부분이며, 이를 효율적으로 구현하기 위한 연구들이 수행되었다. 기존의 연구는 ADSL G.DMT 방식에 적합한 시스템으로서 G.LITE에 그대로 적용하기에는 부적합하다. 본 논문에서는 주파수 영역의 연산과정을 분석하고, 하드웨어 자원 할당에 따른 시스템의 효율성을 분석하여 G.LITE 방식에 적합한 프로세서의 구조를 제안하였다. 제안된 프로세서는 1개의 실수 곱셈기와 2개의 실수 덧셈기를 병렬로 연결한 구조를 가지며, 파이프라인 형태 및 병렬연산 형태의 작업 스케쥴링을 통해 효율적으로 연산을 수행할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 제안된 프로세서는 Kiss가 제안한 ALU 구조나 Wang이 제안한 FFT/IFFT 프로세서 구조에 비해 적은 하드웨어 자원을 이용하여 연산과정을 효율적으로 수행함으로서 G.LITE 시스템에 적합한 구조를 갖는다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.826-832
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• 2008

The metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitor in the ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) embedded RFID chip is used in both the memory cell region and the peripheral analog and digital circuit area for capacitance parameter control. The capacitance value of the MFM capacitor is about 30 times larger than that of conventional capacitors, such as the poly-insulator-poly (PIP) capacitor and the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor. An MFM capacitor directly stacked over the analog and memory circuit region can share the layout area with the circuit region; thus, the chip size can be reduced by about 60%. The energy transformation efficiency using the MFM scheme is higher than that of the PIP scheme in RFID chips. The radio frequency operational signal properties using circuits with MFM capacitors are almost the same as or better than with PIP, MIM, and MOS capacitors. For the default value specification requirement, the default set cell is designed with an additional dummy cell.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2003

This research proposes an implementation method of linearized equations of motion for multibody systems with closed loops. The null space of the constraint Jacobian is first pre-multiplied to the equations of motion to eliminate the Lagrange multiplier and the equations of motion are reduced down to a minimum set of ordinary differential equations. The resulting differential equations are functions of all relative coordinates, velocities, and accelerations. Since the variables are tightly coupled by the position, velocity, and acceleration level coordinates, direct substitution of the relationships among these variables yields very complicated equations to be implemented. As a consequence, the reduced equations of motion are perturbed with respect to the variations of all variables, which are coupled by the constraints. The position velocity and acceleration level constraints are also perturbed to obtain the relationships between the variations of all relative coordinates, velocities, and accelerations and variations of the independent ones. The Perturbed constraint equations are then simultaneously solved for variations of all variables only in terms of the variations of the independent variables. Finally, the relationships between the variations of all variables and these of the independent ones are substituted into the variational equations of motion to obtain the linearized equations of motion only in terms of the independent variables variations.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권3C호
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• pp.306-313
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 높은 에러정정 효율을 보이는 터보코드 알고리즘을 FPGA H/W(hardware) 자원 내에 효율적으로 구현하였다. 본 논문은 구속장의 크기가 3, 1/3 인코더, 2048 사이즈의 랜덤 인터리버에 기반한 터보코드 알고리즘을 사용한다. 제안된 H/W는 델타를 이용하여 알파와 베타를 연산하는 MAP 블록과 각 값들을 저장하는 버퍼 및 람다의 계산을 위한 곱셈기와 람다를 저장하는 버퍼로 구성된다. 제안된 알고리즘과 하드웨어 구조는 C++ 언어를 이용하여 검증하였고, VHDL을 이용하여 하드웨어 구현한 후 FPGA에 적용하여 무선통신 환경에서 성능에 대한 유효성을 보였다. 구현된 H/W는 VERTEX4 XC4VFX12-12-SF363의 FPGA를 타겟으로 하였고 최대 131.533MHz (7.603ns)에서 안정적으로 동작할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1303-1308
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• 2003

This research proposes an implementation method of linearized equations of motion for multibody systems with closed loops. The null space of the constraint Jacobian is first pre-multiplied to the equations of motion to eliminate the Lagrange multiplier and the equations of motion are reduced down to a minimum set of ordinary differential equations. The resulting differential equations are functions of ail relative coordinates, velocities, and accelerations. Since the coordinates, velocities, and accelerations are tightly coupled by the position, velocity, and acceleration level constraints, direct substitution of the relationships among these variables yields very complicated equations to be implemented. As a consequence, the reduced equations of motion are perturbed with respect to the variations of all coordinates, velocities, and accelerations, which are coupled by the constraints. The position, velocity and acceleration level constraints are also perturbed to obtain the relationships between the variations of all relative coordinates, velocities, and accelerations and variations of the independent ones. The perturbed constraint equations are then simultaneously solved for variations of all coordinates, velocities, and accelerations only in terms of the variations of the independent coordinates, velocities, and accelerations. Finally, the relationships between the variations of all coordinates, velocities, accelerations and these of the independent ones are substituted into the variational equations of motion to obtain the linearized equations of motion only in terms of the independent coordinate, velocity, and acceleration variations.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.74-82
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• 1993

Optimal designs of a 3-point and a 4-point engine mount system are presented for reducing the idle shake of a Front Wheel Drive(FWD) vehicle. Design variables used in this study are the locations, the angles and the stiffness of an engine mount system. The goal of the optimization is minimizing the transmitted force without violating the constraints such as static weight sag, resonant frequency and side limits of design variables. The Augmented Lagrange Multiplier(ALM) Method is used for solving the nonlinear constrained optimization. The generalized Jacobi and the impedence method are employed for a free vibration analysis and a forced response analysis. The trend of analysis results well meet that of the experimental results. The optimization results reveal that the 4-point system transmits less torque than the 3-point system. It is also found from the design sensitivity analysis that the vibration characteristics of the 4-point system is less sensitive than those of the 3-point system.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.651-659
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• 2002

Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) is a dynamic substructuring technique to get an approximate eigensolutions of large degree-of-freedom structures divisible into several components. But, In practice. most of large structures are modeled by different teams of engineers. and their respective finite element models often require different mesh resolutions. As a result, the finite element substructure models can be non-conforming and/or incompatible. In this work, A hybrid version of component mode synthesis using a localized lagrange multiplier to treat the non-conforming mesh problem was derived. Evolution Strategies (ESs) is a stochastic numerical optimization technique and has shown a robust performance for solving deterministic problems. An ESs conducts its search by processing a population of solutions for an optimization problem based on principles from natural evolution. An optimization example for raising the first natural frequency of a plate structure using beam stiffeners was presented using hybrid component mode synthesis and robust evolution strategies (RES) optimization technique. In the example. the design variables are the positions and lengths of beam stiffeners.