• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2011

Transparency and insolubility of eardrum patch against exudates are important for otolaryngological surgery. The author prepared silk fibroin (SF) films with various concentrations and temperature and then examined solubility and conformation of SF films. SF films were transparent regardless of the various preparation conditions. Although most SF films are soluble in 1X PBS solution at $37^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, the SF film with 3.4% with $60^{\circ}C$ was insoluble. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the SF films have solid and smooth surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the conformation of SF films was influenced by the preparation conditions including SF concentration and casting temperature. In conclusion, SF membrane with transparence and insolubility against exudates could be considered as eardrum patch resources.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2021

The physicochemical properties of crystalline titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) were investigated by comparing amorphous (amTiO₂), anatase (aTiO₂), metaphase of anatase-rutile (arTiO₂), and rutile (rTiO₂) NPs, which were prepared at various calcination temperatures (100℃, 400℃, 600℃, and 900℃). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed that the phase-transformed TiO₂ had the characteristic features of crystallinity and average size. The surface chemical properties of the crystalline phases were different in the spectral analysis. As anatase transformed to the rutile phase, the band of the hydroxyl group at 3,600-3,100 cm^-1 decreased gradually, as assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra, the maximum absorbance of anatase TiO₂ NPs at 309 nm was blue-shifted to 290 nm at the rutile phase with reduced absorbance. Under the electric field of capillary electrophoresis (CE), TiO₂ NPs in anatase migrated and detected as a broaden peak, whereas the rutile NPs did not. In addition, anatase showed the highest photocatalytic activity in an UV-irradiated dye degradation assay in the following order: aTiO₂ > arTiO₂ > rTiO₂. Overall, the phases of TiO₂ NPs showed characteristic physicochemical properties regarding size, surface chemical properties, UV absorbance, CE migration, and photocatalytic activity.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.367-374
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• 2021

In this study, the applicability of mechanochemical process for the manufacture of self-healing admixtures and the effect of mechanochemical process on the self-healing performance were evaluated. The self-healing admixtures were adopted as a highly reactive materials(expansive agent, swelling material and crystal growth agent) for mechanochemical processes. The self-healing admixtures for the mechanochemical process application were evaluated by X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis, water permeability performance was used to evaluate self-healing performance of mortar. As a result of the evaluation, the self-healing performance of the WM(With-Mortar)3 sample to which mechanochemical process increased by 4.1% compared to the WM1 sample that was not treated, and the average healing index was 94.3%.

• Nano
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1850147.1-1850147.14
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• 2018

In this work, water-soluble and blue-emitting carbon nanodots (CDs) were synthesized from apple peels for the first time via one-step hydrothermal method. The synthetic route is facile, green, economical and viable. The as-prepared CDs were characterized thoroughly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), fluorescence and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy in terms of their morphology, surface functional groups and optical properties. The results show that these CDs possessed ultrasmall size, good dispersivity, and high tolerance to pH, ionic strength and continuous UV irradiation. Significantly, the CDs had fast and reversible response towards temperature, and the accurate linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and temperature was used to design a novel nanothermometer in a broad temperature range from 5 to $65^{\circ}C$ facilely. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of CDs was observed to be quenched immediately by Cr(VI) ions based on the inner filter effect. A low-cost Cr(VI) ions sensor was proposed employing CDs as fluorescent probe, and it displayed a wide linear range from 0.5 to $200{\mu}M$ with a detection limit of $0.73{\mu}M$. The practicability of the developed Cr(VI) sensor for real water sample assay was also validated with satisfactory recoveries.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2009

The structural and physicochemical properties of dried aloe vera gel by DIS (dewatering impregnation soaking) process under optimum conditions were investigated. FT-IR spectra for dried samples of DIS aloes showed the typical patterns of standard aloe polysaccharide, and surface structures by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) were similar to a gel-like structure. In case of physicochemical properties of dried aloe samples by DIS process, solubilities and swelling powers of control (not osmotic treated aloe), DIS (S) and DIS (G), samples treated by osmotic solution of 60% sucrose/0.25% NaCl and 50% glucose/0.5% NaCl, were 48.3-57.3% and 8.3-11.7%, respectively, showing no significant differences among samples, but swelling power of DIS (PEG), sample treated by using 50% polyethylene glycol as an osmotic agent was about 5 times higher that of control. Also, water holding capacities of control, DIS (S) and DIS (G) were similar to each other, but that of DIS (PEG) was about 5 times higher that of control. Oil holding capacities of control and DIS aloes maintained the 50.9-86.4% levels of water holding capacities showing no significant differences among samples. Rehydration ratio of DIS (PEG) aloes were significantly dependent on the temperature of rehydrated solvent (water), and rehydration ratio of not-fileted aloe was about two folds higher than that of fileted aloe.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2019

Eggshell is a waste material after the usage of egg. In this work, biowaste chicken eggshells were used for preparing carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles of high purity through aqueous precipitation method at room temperature. The eggshell-derived HA will be a cost-effective bioceramics for biomedical applications and an effective material-recycling technology. Additionally, mulberry leaf extract was used as a template to regulate the morphology, size and crystallinity of HA, and the effects of pH value were also examined. Characterization of the samples was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the size, shape and morphology of HA. The results indicate that only one phase of HA were synthesized in the both absence and presence of mulberry leaf extract at pH of 7 and above, while DCPD or DCPA/DCPD phase was observed at pH 4 condition. The crystallite sizes of the HA samples obviously decreased when adding mulberry leaf extract as a template, while they decreased gradually as the solution pH levels increased. With increasing pH level from 7 to 14, the rod-like HA nanoparticles gradually changed to spherical shape at pH 14. Note that, the obtained product is Mg and Sr containing A- and B-type carbonate HA at alkaline pH and it can be a potential material for biomedical applications.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2019

In this work, preparation and characterizations of hybrid membranes containing sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPES) and sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (SPVdF-co-HFP) (20, 30 or 40 wt%) were carried out. The structure of hybrid membranes was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The prepared SPAES/SPVdF-30 membrane exhibits higher ionic conductivity of 68.9 mS/cm at $90^{\circ}C$ and 100% RH. Besides, the other studies showed that the hybrid membrane has good oxidation stability, thermal stability, and mechanical stability. Thus, we believe that the prepared hybrid membrane is suitable for the development of membranes for fuel cell applications.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.277-282
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• 2021

Two hydrophobic imidazolium based ionic liquids including 1-benzyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BzBIM]PF₆ and 1-pentyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [PBIM]PF₆ having the same anion and different cation parts were synthesized. The structural composition of these ionic liquids were confirmed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR). Their physiochemical properties such as viscosity, ionic conductivity and thermal stability alongside electrochemical potential window range for both ionic liquid electrolytes were characterized and compared to each other. The overall results revealed that [BzBIM]PF₆ has higher thermal and electrochemical stabilities and viscosity than that of [PBIM]PF₆ probably due to the presence of benzyl ring in the imidazolium cation providing strong intermolecular π-π interactions.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2021

Ball bearing is a device that supports and transmits a load acting on a rotating shaft, and it is a type of rolling bearings that uses the rolling friction of the balls by inserting balls between the inner ring and the outer ring. Grease, which is prepared by mixing a thickener with a base oil, is a lubricant commonly used in bearings and has the advantage of a simple structure and easy handling. Bearings are increasingly being used in high value-added products such as semiconductors, aviation, and robots in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. Accordingly, there is an increasing demand for bearing grease. The selection of grease is an important factor in the bearing design. Therefore, a study must be conducted on the grease life evaluation to select an appropriate grease according to operating conditions such as a high temperature, high rotational speed, and high load. In this study, we evaluate the life of ball-bearing grease according to various operating conditions, namely, temperature, speed, and load changes. For this, we develop and theoretically verify a grease life test machine for ball bearings. We conduct a life test of grease according to various operating conditions of bearings and predict the grease life with a 10% and 50% failure probability using the Weibull analysis. In addition, we analyze the oxide characteristics of the grease over time using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the deterioration characteristics of the grease using the carbonyl index.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.138-145
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• 2022

Today, graphene loaded textiles are being considered promising smart clothing due to their high conductivity. In this study, we reported reduced graphene oxide(r-GO) deposited pure cotton fabrics fabricated with a colloidal solution of graphene(GO), using a one-step aerosol spray pyrolysis(ASP) process and their potential application on smart textiles. The ASP process is advantageous in that it is easily implementable and can be applied for continuous processing. Moreover, this process has never been applied to deposit r-GO on pure cotton fabric. The field emission-scanning microscopy (FE-SEM) observation, Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis, and ultraviolet transmittance(UVT) were used to evaluate material properties of the r-GO colloids. The resistance was also measured to evaluate the electrical conductivity of the specimens. The results revealed that the r-GO was successfully deposed on specimens, and the specimen with the highest electrical conductivity demonstrated an electrical resistance value of 2.27 kΩ/sq. Taken together, the results revealed that the ASP method demonstrated a high potential for effective deposition of r-GO on cotton fabric specimens and is a prospect for the development of conductive cotton-based smart clothing. Therefore, this study is also meaningful in that the ASP process can be newly applied by depositing r-GO on the pure cotton fabric.