• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.104-108
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• 2002

Numerous studies have suggested the involvement of oxidative processes in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and especially of oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL). We studied the effect of Korean wheat on the oxidizability of LDL and the development of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits on cholesterol diet. For the approach of the aim, antioxidative activity of wheat extracts against oxidation of LDL was investigated. The antiatherogenic effect of wheat was studied against Newzealand whithe (NZW) rabbits fed containing the wheat powder for 12 weeks. PBS extracts of Korean and imported wheats decreased LDL oxidation induced by copper ion by 62.3%, 52.6% respectively in comparison with control. Liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS ) levels of rabbits were significantly lowered in Korean wheat fed group (0.397$\pm$ 0.029 nmol MDA/mg protein, p<0.05) compared to control (0.496$\pm$0.021 nmol MDA/mg protein) and imported wheat group (0.478$\pm$0.019 nmol MDA/mg protein). TBARS levels of kidney showed no significant difference among treatment groups. The aorta of cholesterol-fed rabbits showed typical atherosclerotic lesions when compared with the controls, but the microscopic differences between groups was not clear. The present study suggests that Korean wheat may have higher antioxidative capacity than imported wheat and have more beneficial effects for the treatment of disease by inhibiting the oxidation of LDL.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.293-302
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• 2016

To determine the dominant bacterial species during the Saeu-jeotgal ripening process, the cultivable bacterial population was examined over a 135-day period using six different growth media. The greatest numbers of bacteria were identified when marine agar was used for culture, with maximum cell density identified at day 65 (2.51 × 10⁷ colony forming units/g). Over the course of 135 days, the bacterial diversity was analyzed eight times. A total of 467 isolates, comprising 87 species from 42 genera, as well as 16 isolates belonging to previously unknown species, were identified. The number of species detected decreased from 39 at day 1 to 13 at day 135. The order of dominance at the genus level was as follows: Staphylococcus, Salimicrobium, Kocuria, and Psychrobacter. Staphylococcus and Salimicrobium accounted for 2% of the diversity at day 1, and then increased to 39% and 36%, respectively, at day 135. The dominant species Staphylococcus equorum, Salimicrobium salexigens, and Kocuria palustris accounted for 23.6%, 16.1%, and 10.9% of all isolates, respectively. Importantly, both St. equorum and Sm. salexigens remained viable at a NaCl concentration of 21% (w/v), which indicates their strong involvement in the ripening of Saeu-jeotgal.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1994

The present study was aimed at establishing what changes occur in the dopamine levels and pattern of TH-immunoreactive neurons of certain areas of rat brain during food intake suppression produced by intraperitoneally administration of CCK-8. CCK-8 in dose of $10\;{\mu}g/kg$ was injected intraperitoneally to 48 h food-deprived rats. In the fasted group, the contents of dopamine were decreased in the frontal, striatum, hypothalamus and amygdala as compared to those of the fed control group. The administration of CCK-8 showed significant decrease on the dopamine levels of the hypothalamus, in comparison to those of the sated and starved group. During deprived condition, the density and number of TH-immunoreactive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus, median eminence and substantia nigra were lower than those of the fed control group. After administration of CCK-8, the pattern and distribution of TH-positive neouons in the hypothalamic areas and substantia nigra were increased when compared to those of the starved group. It is concluded that the results demonstrate the partial involvement of hypothalamic dopamine-containing neurons in the feeding inhibition of CCK-8. Furthermore, the results indicate that TH-immunoreactive neurons play on important role in the hypothalamus and substantia nigra for eating behavior

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2016

Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenol which belongs to the stilbenes group and is naturally generated in several plants in response to damage or fungal invasion. It has been shown in published studies that resveratrol has an anti-adipogenic effect. A good consensus regarding the involvement of a down-regulation of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ in this effect has been reached. In addition, different metabolic pathways involved in triacylglycerol metabolism in white adipose tissue have been shown to be regulated by resveratrol. Concerning lipolysis, though this compound in itself seems to be unable to cause lipolysis, it increases lipid mobilization stimulated by ${\beta}-adrenergic$ agents. The increase in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and accordingly the associated energy dissipation, can attribute to accounting for the body-fat reducing effect of resveratrol. Besides its effects on adipose tissue, resveratrol can also acts on other organs and tissues. Therefore, it increases mitochondrial biogenesis and accordingly fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and liver. This effect can also attribute to the body-fat reducing effect of this molecule. The present review purposes to collect the evidence concerning the potential mechanisms of action which underlie the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol, acquired either in cultured cells lines and animal models.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.174-181
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• 1985

Ultrastructural changes in the chloroplast of apple fruits was examined with Malus Pumila Mill var. Fugi harvested during preclimacteric stage the subatmospheric pressure storage condition at 380mmHg, $20^{\circ}C$. Electron micrographs obtained from the fruits stored at 760mmHg, $20^{\circ}C$ indicated that the initiation of ultrastructural changes is in parallel with the onset of respiratory climacteric. Chloroplast of the apple fruits stored for 25 days is vacuolated and the lamellar system are a little disorganized. Chloroplast of the apple fruits stored for 50 days is showing extensive vacuolation, the lamellar system are completely disorganized and the plasma membrane has pulled away from the cell wall. In the case of subatmospheric presssure storage caused to delay the onset of ultrastructural changes in chloroplast such as vacuolation, disorganization of lamellar system and dispersal of stroma lamella about 2 months. These results suggested that ripening of apple fruits is correlated not only to the activity of respiration but to the involvement of ultrastructural changes in fruit cells. The evidences obtained here led to the conclusion that subatmospheric pressure treatment extends storage life of apple fruits by inhibiting ultrastructural changes of cell organelles in concomitance with respiratory activity.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.147-159
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• 2021

After the 2020 Corona 19 pandemic, consumers' online consumption is increasing rapidly, and non-store online retail channels are showing high growth. In particular, social media is gaining its status as a social media market where direct transactions take place in the means of promoting companies' brands and products. In this study, changes in consumer behavior after the Corona 19 pandemic are different in choosing online shopping media such as existing online shopping malls and SNS markets that can be classified into open social media and closed social media when purchasing agri-food online. We tried to find out what type of product is preferred in the selection of agri-food products. For this study, demographic characteristics of consumers, perceived risk of consumers, and dietary lifestyle were set as independent variables to investigate the effect on online shopping media type and product selection. The summary of the empirical analysis results is as follows. When consumers purchase agri-food online, there are significant differences in demographic characteristics, consumer perception risks, and detailed factors of dietary lifestyle in selecting shopping channels such as online shopping malls, open social media, and closed social media. Appeared to be. The consumers who choose the open SNS market are higher in men than in women, with lower household income, and higher in consumers seeking health and taste. Consumers who choose the closed SNS market were analyzed as consumers who live in rural areas and have a high degree of risk perception for delivery. Consumers who choose existing online shopping malls have high educational background, high personal income, and high consumers seeking taste and economy. Through this study, we tried to provide practical assistance by providing a basis for judgment to farmers who have difficulty in selecting an online shopping medium suitable for their product characteristics. As a shopping channel for agri-food, social media is not a simple promotional channel, but a direct transaction. It can be differentiated from existing studies in that it is approached as a market that arises.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.447-454
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• 2023

In the environment in which humans live, there are various antigens that invade the human body and interfere with humans leading a healthy life, so the immune system recognizes the antigen then removes them through a complex mechanism. Macrophages are widely distributed immune cells involved in the innate immune system, and produce various immune modulators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase-induced nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-2 induced prostaglandin E2 and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha. On the other hand, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae are a type of edible insect that have emerged as an alternative to the future food supply problem. The immuno-modulatory effect through the activation of murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways has been reported. Based on this report, in this study, we confirmed how the expression of immune modulators induced by Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae extracts in RAW264.7 cells was changed by treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. As a result, reduction of immune modulators was confirmed in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor treatment group and NF-κB inhibitor treatment group among the Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae-treated RAW264.7 cell. Furthermore, in the TLR4 inhibitor-treated group, decreases in phosphorylation of JNK and NF-κB factors were confirmed in Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae-treated RAW264.7 cell, as well as decreases in immune modulators. This results suggest that Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae activates RAW264.7 cells by the engagement of TLR4-JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.67-86
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• 2020

Recommender Systems have been huge influence users and business more and more. Recently the importance of E-commerce has been reached rapid growth greatly in world-wide COVID-19 pandemic. Recommender system is the center of E-commerce lively. Top ranked E-commerce managers mentioned that recommender systems have a major influence on customer's purchase such as about 50% of Netflix, Amazon sales from their recommender systems. Most algorithms have been focused on improving accuracy of recommender system regardless of novelty, diversity, serendipity etc. Recommender systems with only high accuracy cannot satisfy business long-term profit because of generating sales polarization. In addition, customers do not experience enjoyment of shopping from only focusing accuracy recommender system because customer's preference is changed constantly. Therefore, recommender systems with various values need to be developed for user's high satisfaction. Reranking is the most useful methodology to realize diversity of recommender system. In this paper, diversity of recommender system is represented through constructing high similarity with users who have different preference using each user's purchased item's category algorithm. It is distinguished from past research approach which is changing the algorithm of recommender system without user's diversity preference level. We tried to discover user's diversity preference level and observed the results how the effect was different according to user's diversity preference level. In addition, graph-based recommender system was used to show diversity through user's network, not collaborative filtering. In this paper, Amazon Grocery and Gourmet Food data was used because the low-involvement product, such as habitual product, foods, low-priced goods etc., had high probability to show customer's diversity. First, a bipartite graph with users and items simultaneously is constructed to make graph-based recommender system. However, each users and items unipartite graph also need to be established to show diversity of recommender system. The weight of each unipartite graph has played crucial role changing Jaccard Distance of item's category. We can observe two important results from the user's unipartite network. First, the user's diversity preference level is observed from the network and second, dissimilar users can be discovered in the user's network. Through the research process, diversity of recommender system is presented highly with small accuracy loss and optimalization for higher accuracy is possible controlling diversity ratio. This paper has three important theoretical points. First, this research expands recommender system research for user's satisfaction with various values. Second, the graph-based recommender system is developed newly. Third, the evaluation indicator of diversity is made for diversity. In addition, recommender systems are useful for corporate profit practically and this paper has contribution on business closely. Above all, business long-term profit can be improved using recommender system with diversity and the recommender system can provide right service according to user's diversity level. Lastly, the corporate selling low-involvement products have great effect based on the results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.1500-1509
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• 2014

The object of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of chios mastic gum (MG) on gastric acid secretion in an ethanol-induced SD rat model and primary parietal cells. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Vehicle (normal group), Control (treated with ethanol), MG50 (treated with ethanol and mastic gum at 50 mg/kg b.w), MG100 (treated with ethanol and mastic gum at 100 mg/kg b.w). Groups treated with both MG50 and MG100 showed attenuation of gastric mucosal injury, sub-epithelial loss, hemorrhaging, and gastric juice secretion. We also examined the acidity of gastric juice during gastric injury. Oral administration of both MG50 and MG100 significantly decreased acidity of gastric juice by % and %, respectively. To examine the stimulatory factors related to gastric acid secretion, mRNA expression levels of H2r, M3r, CCK2r, and $H^+/K^+$ ATPase were measured by real-time PCR. Compared with a vehicle group, mRNA expression levels of H2r, CCK2r, and $H^+/K^+$ ATPase clearly increased in the control group. However, levels of H2r, CCK2r, and $H^+/K^+$ ATPase slightly but significantly decreased in MG-treated groups compared with control. Blood level of histamine significantly decreased in MG-treated groups, which indicates the involvement of MG on in histamine-related acid secretion. To identify the mode of action of MG in regulating histamine-related pathways, intracellular level of cAMP and mRNA levels of H2r, M3r, CCK2r, and $H^+/K^+$ ATPase were measured in primary parietal cells. While mRNA levels of M3r and CCK2r remained unchanged, levels of H2r and $H^+/K^+$ ATPase significantly decreased upon MG treatment. Subsequently, intracellular levels of cAMP decreased. These results suggest that mastic gum has the ability to inhibit gastric acid secretion by regulating a histamine-related pathway.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1752-1760
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• 2011

In this study, the effect of the Opuntiahumifusa extracts on proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis and ROS level of a cell was investigated using an osteoblast. Opuntiahumifusawas separated intoOpuntiahumifusapeel (OH-P), seed (OH-Se) and stem (OH-St).These were subjected to extraction by using hot water and ethanol. The proliferation of the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells that were treated with OH-Se water extract were increased by approximately 120%. Regarding the effects of OH-Se on ALP activity, the $50{\mu}g/ml$ ethanol extract group showed the highest activity. The synthesis of collagen increased significantly in response to treatment with OH-Se water extract. The ROS scavenging effects of Opuntiahumifusawere investigated for involvement of oxidativedamage, cell culture and staining. Also, when OH-Se water extract $100{\mu}g/ml$ was added, the ROS level decreased by 54%. These results indicate that Opuntiahumifusa extracts have an anabolic effect on bone through the promotion of osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting that it could be used for the treatment of common metabolic bone diseases.