• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.94-103
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• 2021

Here, we evaluated the anti-glycation effects and renal protective properties of 70% (v/v) ethanolic extract of Colpomenia sinuosa (CSE) against AGEs -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis at different concentrations (1, 5, and 20 ㎍/mL). At 20 ㎍/mL, CSE showed that anti-glycation activities via the inhibition of AGE formation (51.1%), inhibition of AGEs-protein cross-linking (61.7%), and breaking of AGEs-protein cross-links (33.3%), were significantly (###p < 0.001 vs. non-treated group) lower than the nontreated group. Methylglyoxal (MGO) significantly (***p < 0.001) reduced cell viability (24.4%) and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (642.3%), MGO accumulation (119.4 ㎍/mL), and apoptosis (55.0%) in mesangial cells compared to the nontreated group. Pretreatment with CSE significantly (###p < 0.001) increased cell viability (57.8%) and decreased intracellular ROS (96.5%), MGO accumulation (80.0 ㎍/mL), and apoptosis (22.6%) at 20 ㎍/mL. Additionally, we confirmed intracellular AGEs reduction by CSE pretreatment. Consequently, our results suggest that CSE is a good source of natural therapeutics for managing diabetic complications by the antiglycation effect and renal protective activity against MGO-induced oxidative stress.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Epigenetic regulation by nutrients can influence the development of specific diseases. This study sought to examine the effect of individual nutrients and nutrient families in the context of preventing chronic metabolic diseases via epigenetic regulation. The inhibition of lipid accumulation and inflammation by nutrients including proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals were observed, and histone acetylation by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) was measured. Correlative analyses were also performed. MATERIALS/METHODS: Nutrients were selected according to information from the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Selected nutrient functionalities, including the attenuation of fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute inflammation were evaluated in mouse macrophage Raw264.7 and mouse hepatocyte AML-12 cells. Effects of the selected nutrients on in vitro HAT inhibition were also evaluated. RESULTS: Nitric oxide (NO) production correlated with HAT activity, which was regulated by the amino acids group, suggesting that amino acids potentially contribute to the attenuation of NO production via the inhibition of HAT activity. Unsaturated fatty acids tended to attenuate inflammation by inhibiting NO production, which may be attributable to the inhibition of in vitro HAT activity. In contrast to water-soluble vitamins, the lipid-soluble vitamins significantly decreased NO production. Water- and lipid-soluble vitamins both exhibited significant inhibitory activities against HAT. In addition, calcium and manganese significantly inhibited lipid accumulation, NO production, and HAT activity. CONCLUSIONS: Several candidate nutrients and their family members may have roles in the prevention of diseases, including hepatic steatosis and inflammation-related diseases (i.e., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) via epigenetic regulation. Further studies are warranted to determine which specific amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and lipid-soluble vitamins or specific minerals influence the development of steatosis and inflammatory-related diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cholecystokinin (CCK), a hormone or neuropeptide, is secreted in response to intraluminal nutrients by enteroendocrine I-cells of the intestine and has important physiological actions related to appetite regulation and satiety. The stimulation on CCK secretion from the intestine is of potential relevance for body weight management. Naringenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) and its glycoside naringin (naringenin 7-rhamnoglucoside) have been reported to have many biological functions. In the current study, we investigated the question of whether naringenin and naringin could stimulate CCK secretion and then examined the mechanisms involved in CCK release. MATERIALS/METHODS: STC-1 cells were used as a model of enteroendocrine cells. CCK release and changes in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) were measured after incubation of cells with naringenin and naringin for 1 h. RESULTS: Naringenin caused significant (P < 0.05) stimulation of CCK secretion, but naringin did not. In addition, regarding the secretory mechanisms, naringenin-induced CCK secretion involved increases in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, influx of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$, at least in part, and activation of TRP channels, including TRPA1. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that naringenin could have a role in appetite regulation and satiety.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2009

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.11-14
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• 2011

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.535-543
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of brown rice and brown rice phytosterol on blood pressure and lipid levels in spontaneously hypertension rats (SHR). SHR were grouped according to blood pressure and fed either a control diet or experimental diets containing 50% brown rice powder or 5% brown rice phytosterol for 3 weeks. Body weight gain and epididymal fat weight were significantly reduced in the brown rice powder and brown rice phytosterol groups compared to control. Brown rice and brown rice phytosterol diets suppressed age-dependent increases in systolic blood pressure compared to control. In addition, brown rice and brown rice phytosterol diets decreased total lipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in the liver, whereas serum HDL cholesterol increased. Lastly, brown rice phytosterol reduced TBARS contents in the kidney. These results suggest that brown rice and brown rice phytosterol exert antihypertensive effects that improve lipid metabolism in SHR.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.747-756
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• 2024

Chronic gut inflammation promotes the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity. There is growing evidence which suggests that dysbiosis in gut microbiota and metabolites disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier and significantly impact the level of inflammation in various tissues, including the liver and adipose tissues. Moreover, dietary sources are connected to the development of leaky gut syndrome through their interaction with the gut microbiota. This review examines the effects of these factors on intestinal microorganisms and the communication pathways between the gut-liver and gut-brain axis. The consumption of diets rich in fats and carbohydrates has been found to weaken the adherence of tight junction proteins in the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, this allows endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides produced by detrimental bacteria, to permeate through portal veins, leading to metabolic endotoxemia and alterations in the gut microbiome composition with reduced production of metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. However, the precise correlation between gut microbiota and alternative sweeteners remains uncertain, necessitating further investigation. This study highlights the significance of exploring the impact of diet on gut microbiota and the underlying mechanisms in the gut-liver and gut-brain axis. Nevertheless, limited research on the gut-liver axis poses challenges in comprehending the intricate connections between diet and the gut-brain axis. This underscores the need for comprehensive studies to elucidate the intricate gut-brain mechanisms underlying intestinal health and microbiota.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.353-373
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• 2023

Kimchi is a traditional Korean dish made with salted fermented vegetables and contains various nutrients and functional substances with potential health benefits. The fermentation process used to make kimchi creates chemical changes in the food, developing nutrients and functional substances that are more easily absorbed and enhanced by the body. Recent studies have shown that several lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from kimchi exhibit probiotic properties and have several health benefiting properties such as such as anticancer, anti-obesity, and anti-constipation; they also promote colon health and cholesterol reduction in in vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as in epidemiological cohort studies. Kimchi contains prebiotics, non-digestible fibers that nourish beneficial gut bacteria; therefore, its intake effectively provides both probiotics and prebiotics for improved gut health and a fortified gut-derived immune system. Furthermore, fermentation of kimchi produces a variety of metabolites that enhance its functionality. These metabolites include organic acids, enzymes, vitamins, bioactive compounds, bacteriocins, exopolysaccharides, and γ-aminobutyric acid. These diverse health-promoting metabolites are not readily obtainable from single food sources, positioning kimchi as a valuable dietary option for acquiring these essential components. In this review, the health functionalities of kimchi ingredients, lactic acid bacteria strains, and health-promoting metabolites from kimchi are discussed for their properties and roles in kimchi fermentation. In conclusion, consuming kimchi can be beneficial for health. We highlight the benefits of kimchi consumption and establish a rationale for including kimchi in a balanced, healthy diet.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.612-619
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of the ethanol extracts and soluble dietary fiber from Cassia tora L. seed. The proximate composition of Cassia tora, soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract, molecular mass distribution, sugar contents and viscosity of soluble fiber from Cassia tora were analyzed. Cassia tora contains 12.6% of moisture, 5.2% of ash, 13.4% of crude protein, 7.2% of crude fat, 8.8% of insoluble fiber and 48.3% of soluble fiber. The effects of extract condition on soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract were investigated. The soluble solid contents were higher in 70% or 50% ethanol extracts than those in 100% ethanol extracts and showed highest value in grind sample extracts. In Hunter's color value, 100% ethanol extracts and whole Cassia tora sample extracts were higher in L and b value, but on the contrary, were lower in a value, than those of the other. The highest emodin and rhein contents were observed in 70% and 50% ethanol extracts, respectively, and showed higher value in room temperature extracts than in heating extracts. The molecular mass of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was estimated by gel filtration chromatography. Most soluble fiber(80%) exhibited a molecular mass range of between 50~2000 kDa. The major sugars of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed were identified as xylose, mannose and galactose. The apparent viscosity of 0.5% soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was 33 mPas showing a higher value than pectin or xanthan gum.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.202-206
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• 2022

Salidroside is a major phenolic glycoside of Acer tegmentosum (Aceraceae) and known to be a hepatoprotective compound. Extraction conditions are one of the most important factors to save time and cost from an economic point of view. For this reason, this study was conducted to optimize the extraction condition for maximum yield of salidroside. For optimization, three extraction factors such as ethanol concentration (%), extraction temperature (℃), and solvent to material ratio (mg/mL) were tested and optimized for maximum yield of salidroside using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal condition was obtained as an ethanol concentration of 53.4%, an extraction temperature at 67.11℃ and a solvent to material ratio (mg/mL), 195.55 mg/ml. The salidroside yield under optimal conditions was found to be 1.59 mg/g dried samples, which were well-matched with the predicted value of 1.56 mg/g dried samples. These results will provide useful information about optimized extraction conditions for the development of salidroside as hepatoprotective therapeutics.