• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 1990

Acid-base equilibria and spectroscopic properties of diazepam and chlorodiazepoxide were investigated in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar solutions as functions of pH. The results were compared with the behaviors in homogeneous aqueous media. The presence of SDS increased the $pK_a$ of chlorodiazepoxide to 6.3 from 4.7, while it has little effect on the $pK_a$ of diazepam. The acidic protonated form of diazepam was moderately fluorescent when the solution was excited at 350 nm, and emissnion intensity of the species was enhanced about 5 fold by the presence of SDS. On the other hand, the acidic solution of chlorodiazepoxide was non-fluorescent, but the neutral solution of the compound was fluorescent upon excitation at 350 nm. The emission peak of the neutral chlorodiazepoxide shifted to shorter wavelength region without significant change in the emission intensity upon the addition of SDS. Procedures for assay of the individual drugs from their mixture by the use of SDS micelle were discussed.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.305-309
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• 2010

Photopolymer films containing fluorescent anthracene polymer, polymethyleneanthracene (PMAn), were prepared with different concentrations of PMAn for holographic recording useful for security documents. The fluorescent photopolymer film showed enhanced fluorescent intensity due to the micro-separation which arose from grating formation and diffusion during photopolymerization. Experimental values of diffraction efficiency were well matched to the simulated values for photopolymers having different PMAn concentrations. Holography patterning was carried out using the fluorescent photopolymer under a photo-mask. A grating was confirmed using microscope techniques in the recorded area under the pattern. Importantly the recorded area showed enhanced fluorescence compared to the unrecorded part, allowing fluorescence patterns at micro scale along with the submicron grating pattern. The fluorescence pattern recorded on the photopolymer film provides additional readability of holographic reading and thus is useful for secure recording and reading of information.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.2489-2493
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• 2012

A new fluorescent system (acridine/RTIL hybrid gel) confined in the 3D micro-structure of a poly(lactic acid) membrane were prepared from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids ([bmim]X (X = $SbF_6$, $NTf_2$, Cl); RTILs), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and acridine via the sol-gel route. SEM images showed that, in the presence of [bmim]$SbF_6$ and [bmim]$NTf_2$, 3D-ly paticulated structures were created inside the PLA membranes and acridine/RTIL hybrid gels were confined in gabs of particulates. However, the use of [bmim]Cl induced the formation of a 3D-ly porous structure containing the hybrid gel of acridine/[bmimCl in the micropores. The three fluorescent systems exhibited different fluorescence behaviors (fluorescence maximum and intensity) depending on the C2-H acidity scale of the RTILs (or their anion type). Acridine gels hybridized with [bmim]$SbF_6$ and [bmim]$NTf_2$ showed blue fluorescence with relative high intensity, whereas the hybrid gel with [bmim]Cl exhibited almost no fluorescence under dry conditions. However, the acridine/[bmim]Cl hybrid system in the micro-porous PLA membrane started to emit fluorescent light under humid conditions and showed a possible response, indicating that it could be applied as a humidity sensor.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.446-451
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• 2008

The growth of Porphyridium cruentum and its porphyran polysaccharide production were measured as functions of light intensity, temperature, light quality (fluorescent, blue, red, and green) and nitrate concentration. The optimum light intensity, temperature, and nitrate concentration for the growth of Porphyridium cruentum and for its polysaccharide production were 1,400 lx, $25^{\circ}C$, and 0.03%, respectively. The maximum cell concentration and polysaccharide content under the optimum conditions were 1.95 and 0.23 mg/mL, respectively. Light quality did not influence growth or polysaccharide production. The best results for growth and polysaccharide production were obtained using fluorescent light.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.668-673
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• 2013

In this study, specimens with nano-sized porous thin films were manufactured by injecting fluorescence solution into the pores. We intended to find out the difference of the fluorescence intensity in each region of the specimen through an experimental apparatus that makes a temperature field. Before conducting experiments, the optimized manufacturing conditions were determined by analysis of all parameters that influence the emission intensity, and the experiments were carried out with the specimens produced in the optimized conditions. Then, the calibration curves of the fluorescence intensity versus temperature were performed by taking the intensity distributions from the specimen in various temperature fields. The surfaces of specimens were coated with Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) fluorescent dye and measured based on the fluorescence intensity. Silica (SiO2) nanoporous structure with 1-um thickness was constructed on a cover glass, and fluorescence dye was absorbed into these porous thin films.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the effects of artificial lighting sources on vegetative growth of Phalaenopsis and Doritaenopsis (an intergeneric hybrid of Doritis and Phalaenopsis) orchids. One - month - old plants were cultivated under fluorescent lamps, cool - white light - emitting diodes (LEDs), or warm - white LEDs at 80 and $160{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The blue (400 - 500 nm) : green (500 - 600 nm) : red (600 - 700 nm) : far - red (700 - 800 nm) ratios of the fluorescent lamps, cool-white LEDs, and warm-white LEDs were 1 : 1.3 : 0.8 : 0.1, 1 : 1.3 : 0.6 : 0.1, and 1 : 2.7 : 2.3 : 0.4, respectively. Each light treatment was maintained for 16 weeks in a closed plant-production system maintained at $28^{\circ}C$ with a 12 h photoperiod. The longest leaf span, as well as the leaf length and width of the uppermost mature leaf, were observed in plants treated with warm-white LEDs. Plants grown under fluorescent lamps had longer and wider leaves with a greater leaf span than plants grown under cool-white LEDs, while the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II was higher under cool-white LEDs. The vegetative responses affected by different lighting sources were similar at both 80 and $160{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Leaf span and root biomass were increased by the higher light intensity in both cultivars, while the relative chlorophyll content was decreased. These results indicate that relatively high intensity light can promote vegetative growth of young Phalaenopsis plants, and that warm - white LEDs, which contain a high red-light ratio, are a better lighting source for the growth of these plants than the cool-white LEDs or fluorescent lamps. These results could therefore be useful in the selection of artificial lighting to maximize vegetative growth of Phalaenopsis plants in a closed plant - production system.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.331-333
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• 2018

The incorporation of Shiitake culture into sawdust is a widely utilized technique that can assist in reducing the cost and time consumption associated with oak cultivation. In sawdust cultivation, browning of the surface mycelia is an important stage with respect to the utility and longevity of the sawdust media. Surface browning forms a protective coating on the substrate, which can inhibit the invasion of pathogens and suppress water evaporation. Several different light sources (red LED, white LED, blue LED, and fluorescent light) were used and the intensity of illumination was carefully controlled (1.5, 10.5, $20.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ for LEDs and 10, 100, 300 lux for the fluorescent light) to induce browning. The light sources were regulated via a 1 h on/off cycle in a controlled room environment at a temperature of $20^{\circ}C$, 60% humidity, and 1200 ppm $CO_2$ concentration for 60days. The browning effect varied depending on the source and the intensity of illumination. This effect was most effectively induced at $1.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ for the red and blue LEDs. All light sources induced less browning at the highest intensity of illumination. This indicates that intensity values higher than $20.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ in the case of the LEDs and 300 lux for the fluorescent light are not effective. After harvesting of the fruit bodies, we measured the weight, length, and width of the pileus and stipe in addition to their chromaticity and hardness. Treatment with $1.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ blue LED produced the best harvest with the highest average chromaticity, weight (21.2 g), stipe length (30.8 mm), and hardness (377.9 g), with a fine length and width of the pileus.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

SpeROD, the optical design program. is developed far specular reflectors of fluorescent luminaries. SpeROD can save much tirre when to design specular reflectors. SpeROD calculates conditions 2-dimensionally. The conditions for designing reflectors considered in this program are the intensity distribution, reflector type, and Tangent Spiral Design method. Using SpeROD, uniform intensity distribution type and bat-wing type reflectors are simulated in this paper, and alrrnn(T8) diarreter fluorescent lamp and lmnm width reflector are used for the setting. The sarre setting was simulated in FIElD, the intensity distribution prediction program. and the' result represented the intensity distribution and the efficacy simulated in SpeROD were satisfactory.actory.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2010

Fluorescent photopolymer film was prepared with composition containing acrylate monomer, binder, a visible light sensitive photo initiator, and fluorescent anthracene polymer. A fluorescent grating pattern was inscribed on the photopolymer film using a 2-beam coupling method. A 514 nm laser was coupled to generate a beam-interference pattern. A highly fluorescent diffractive line pattern was formed on the fluorescent photopolymer within 30 sec. of exposure. The fluorescence intensity was highly enhanced in the patterned area, possibly due to the change in the environment of the fluorescent polymers by the photo-polymerization of monomers. Under a photo-mask, a gap electrode pattern was formed of fluorescent gratings with a sub-micron scale, which was matched well to the calculated value ($2.5\;{\mu}m$ and $0.6\;{\mu}m$) based on the refractive index of the photopolymer and beam incident angle ($3.4^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$) to the photopolymer surface.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.2261-2266
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• 2013

This paper describes the synthesis and water sensing properties of a fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) sensor (5) with an extended operating sensing range. The 1,8-naphthalimide derivative (5) attached with a piperazine group and a carboxylic group was synthesized and applied as a fluorescent water sensor in water-miscible organic solvents. The fluorescence intensity of the dye 5 increased with increasing water content up to 80% (v/v) and the fluorescence intensities were enhanced 45-, 67- and 122-fold in aqueous EtOH, DMF and DMSO solutions, respectively. In aqueous acetone solution, the enhancement of the fluorescence intensities was somewhat lower (30-fold) but the response range was wider (0-90%, v/v).