• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.594-603
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• 2021

This study explored the moderating effects of task difficulty for flow, learning motivation, and interesting in distant PBL classes of pre-service teachers. For this, the research model was constructed by analyzing previous studies. The research model verification was conducted by 105 students of taking courses in the curriculum. The distant PBL used a real-time video conference system. Cooperative activities were carried out in real time. After the end of the distant PBL activity, the level of learning motivation, interesting, flow, and task difficulty perception were measured. The collected data were analyzed using a test of the structural model invariance across the groups using a structural equation model. This analysis verifies the difference in path coefficients between measurement models. The control effect of task difficulty was verified through the difference in path coefficient. As a result, it was verified that interesting mediates the influence of learning motivation on flow. And the moderating effect of the perceived task difficulty appeared on the path from learning motivation to interesting.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.115-127
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• 2023

Video stabilization is one of the camera technologies that the importance is gradually increasing as the personal media market has recently become huge. For deep learning-based video stabilization, existing methods collect pairs of video datas before and after stabilization, but it takes a lot of time and effort to create synchronized datas. Recently, to solve this problem, unsupervised learning method using only unstable video data has been proposed. In this paper, we propose a network structure that learns the stabilized trajectory only with the unstable video image without the pair of unstable and stable video pair using the Convolutional Auto Encoder structure, one of the unsupervised learning methods. Optical flow data is used as network input and output, and optical flow data was mapped into grid units to simplify the network and minimize noise. In addition, to generate a stabilized trajectory with an unsupervised learning method, we define the loss function that smoothing the input optical flow data. And through comparison of the results, we confirmed that the network is learned as intended by the loss function.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.16 no.3_spc
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• pp.401-407
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• 2024

The present research intends to examine how online learners' digital literacy skills affects their learning flow and academic self-efficacy in the universities. The data were collected from a group of 228 students taking online course at the four-year university in Cheonan. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 29.0 program: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis. As a result of this study, the digital literacy skills of university students taking cyber lectures were found to have a statistically significant positive correlation with learning flow in online classes and academic self-efficacy. Through this study, it is hoped to provide an opportunity to explore ways to improve learning flow and academic self-efficacy as the problems of non-face-to-face classes. Therefore, in order to ensure the quality of online classes, it is hoped to expand educational opportunities such as various research and programs that can improve digital literacy skills.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.269-278
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of problem-based learning on self-directed learning ability and learning flow of junior college students. The study was conducted on 248 students from five departments who participated in the faculty learning community program, which was supported by the Center for Teaching and Learning Development at D University in Busan. The effectiveness of the survey conducted before and after the application of the problem-based learning method was examined to show statistically significant changes in both self-directed learning ability and learning flow. A survey on satisfaction with the problem-based learning method showed that 66.2% of all students were satisfied with their classes overall, and 64% of the respondents said that the problem-based learning method helped them understand the course, which allowed them to verify the effectiveness of the study method. This research is meaningful in that it can be used as a basic data for the search for learner-centered education methods required by the era of the fourth industrial revolution.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.439-452
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of STEAM program on the scientific communication skills and the learning flow of elementary gifted students. The main findings of this study are as follows: First, STEAM program that mathematical, technical, engineering and art factors were combined based on basic concepts of science were developed. Seconds, the change in the scientific communication skills of experimental group applying STEAM program had statistically meaningful difference (p<.05). Third, the flow of experimental class improved, but it had no meaningful difference statistically (p>.05). But it is expected that continuing level adjusted STEAM program might have positive effect on improving the flow with the following three reasons: 1) The gifted students' flow level on learning before experiment was rather too high to expect short term effect. 2) It was hard for them to achieve flow experience because topic difficulties and students' capacities were not balanced. 3) topic commitments and autotelic behaviors of gifted students were observed during classes. Fourth, by the result of the student satisfaction questionnaire survey on this program, students actively participated in the STEAM program with interest and curiosity. As achieved self-directed problem solving, versatile communication activities and success experiences, their class satisfaction was high. Based on such results, it was expected that the gifted class applied of STEAM program could enhance scientific communication capacity of the elementary gifted students and would further positively influence flow of learning as well. In addition, it was considered to have integrated approach value to elementary gifted and talented education in the aspect that it could satisfy various educational demands of gifted students.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.111-121
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• 2020

This study analyzed the effects on system quality, learning commitment, and satisfaction in a mobile environment. A survey was conducted on 192 students enrolled in K University, and the research results are as follows. first, it was found that usefulness had an effect on learning commitment, but connectivity and reliability did not affect learning commitment. second, it was found that the usefulness and connectivity of the system quality had a significant effect on the satisfaction of use. third, the intermediary effect of learning immersion was verified as the connectivity, reliability, and usefulness of the system quality influence the satisfaction of use. connectivity and reliability had no mediating effect of learning commitment, and usefulness was found to play a partial mediating role in affecting user satisfaction. This study is meaningful in that it can provide a plan for improving the quality management of mobile learning and improving the learning effect by analyzing the effects on mobile learning from multiple perspectives.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.6 s.44
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• pp.87-97
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• 2006

This study aims to identify the effect that the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have on learner flow in e-learning community. Based on literature review and Technology Acceptance Model(TAM), a potential model and five hypotheses were suggested. Questionnaire was carried out among 62 members of one e-learning community for preparatory teacher Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was.88. The collected data were analyzed through correlation analysis and path analysis. The results of this research are as follows. Three hypotheses were adopted: Perceived usefulness will affect on attitudinal flow, Perceived ease of use will affect on attitudinal flow. and Attitudinal flow will affect on behavioral flow. Two hypotheses were rejected;. Perceived usefulness will affect on perceived ease of use and Perceived ease of use will affect on behavioral flow. The model revised through the results of path analysis had good-fitness. That is. overall fit measures (RMSEA, CFI. NNFI). indexes that show the suitability of the model were quite good. Findings of this study suggested the important strategies for designing e-learning community in order to promote learner flow.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.522-534
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction factors(learning motivation, concrete feedback, learner's control) and affordance factors (aesthetics, playfulness, stability) that influence flow in e - learning. This study collected 236 survey data from e-learning users. The data was analyzed the statistical relationships among the variables using the SPSS21 and AMOS21. The measurement model was reliable and valid, and the structual model was good. The result shows that interaction factors (concrete feedback, learner's control) and affordance factor (playfulness) influence on flow. Flow has a significant effect on satisfaction. Especially the effect of playfulness on flow is meaningful. Playfulness is one of the most important factors leading to the flow state of humans. The contribution of this study is to find the factors influencing flow in the interaction between learners and computer in e-learning. It can be used to provide an entertainment experience that can enhance the satisfaction of consumers in the Internet environment by finding the antecedents that affect the flow in computer - human interaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5543-5552
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• 2014

The advancement of smart-phones and their market expansion has led to the development of numerous educational applications (apps). In this study, learning activities were designed for real-time feedback utilizing a smart clicker app for effective communication between the instructors and students, and to provide educational results, such as learning flow and academic achievement. These strategies were applied in the actual educational fields, and 70 college students were taking classes with the same curriculum. Experiments involving an experimental group and control group were conducted. The results of the t-test were follows. In terms of learning flow, a significant difference was observed between the two groups, but not in terms of academic achievement.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.213-224
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mediating effects of parental academic expectations and adolescent's optimism in the influence of perceived parental attachment on learning flow. The subjects of this study were 184 middle and high school students in Seoul. The results of this study are as follows. First, academic expectation and optimism showed significant full mediation effects on the relationship between parent attachment and learning flow. Second, there was no statistically significant difference in the difference between the indirect effects of academic expectation and optimism by the bootstrapping method. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the healthy attachment relationship with the parents increases the parent's supportive expectancy, improves the optimism for the youth, and improves the learning commitment for effective learning. Finally, we discussed the role and expectations of parents and adolescents in promoting the learning commitment of adolescents.