• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 1994

The survey on feeding practice in 202 infants in Kwangju area was undertaken from April to May, 1993. The incidence of breast feeding was 35.6% of the interviewed mothers while 35.1% of infants were formula fed. Baby's sex, birth order, birth weight and mother's educational level did not affect the infant's feeding method of the respondents , but family's monthly income affect it significantly(p<0.05). Initiating time f weaning in infants was 4.83 month. Fruits and fruit juice, infant's most favorite food were the first food introduced to infants. Cereal's were offered frequently as infant foods while animal protein source and vegetables were lesser used 52.8% of mothers purchased commercially prepared infant food , while 33.2% of them did not use it at all. Depending on mother's educational level, mother got information on weaning with the aid of different education materials. The respondents were most interested in the way how to prepare weaning food. It might be suggested that development of effective nutrition education technique specific to the different groups of mothers should be focused.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was examine levels of breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and number of breastfeeding problems in early postpartum period and rate of breastfeeding practice at 3 months. Method: The total numbers of the study subjects were 139 mothers at postpartum unit and followed by postpartum 1 week and 3 months. Result: 1. The mean score of knowledge and attitude and problems toward breast feeding scale were 22.83(SD=5.19), 20.99(SD=3.40), and 9.04(SD=3.59) respectively, indicating low to moderate level according to subjects characteristics, breastfeeding knowledge scores were significantly different by age (F=8.00, p<.001), breastfeeding experience (t=3.26, p<.001) and parity(t=2.39, p<.05), but no difference were found in rate of breastfeeding attitude and number of problems. 2. Rate of breastfeeding practice was 46.5% at three months of postpartum and the breastfeeding practice was significantly different by breastfeeding plan period($x^2$=13.33, p<.001) and monthly income ($x^2$= 3.80, p<.05). 3. Further, breastfeeding practice at 3 months was continuously influenced by number of problems of the breast-feeding(OR=.85) and breastfeeding plan period(OR=2.11) at early postpartum period. Conclusion: The findings suggest the necessity of maternal support during postpartum period to provide correct information about rate of breastfeeding knowledge and attitude to teach problem solving skills for any breastfeeding problems in order to increase rate of breastfeeding practice.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 1989

This study was conducted to gather the baseline data on realities of experimental-practice and opinions toward spot-practice, and to examine how to cope with the problems raised at the Department of Food and Nutrition of Junior Technical College in Korea. Questionnaires were gathered from 42 chairmans of the Department of Food and Nutrition and 140 Present dieticians worked in Seoul, Bucheon am Seongnam area. The results are as follows, First, as a whole, each college had 2~3 experimental laboratory (Lab), in which Cooking Science Lab. Chemistry Lab and Microbiology Lab were occurred at higher frequency as Lab's name. Second, the numbers per experimental-practice class were more than 40 at most colleges. 85% of Present dieticians have answered to feel too much numbers per the class during their college days, whereas professors' opinions toward the numbers per class were suitable at 20~30 persons per class. Third, professors' opinion toward the adquate ratio of the theory subject classes to experimental subject classes was suitable at 60 : 40. Dieticians answered to take the theory subject classes partly or mostly on behalf of the experimental-practice classes. Fourth, the main reasons which inhibited normal experimental-practice class were the class for emphasis on examination, the shortage of experiment budget, the excess of class members, the shortage of experimental Lab Also, this results showed same propensity to present dieticians' opinion toward the same question above. Fifth, among the experimenta1-practice subjects established at the Department of Food and Nutrition, Diet Therapy Lab was highest frequency class emphasized on theory followed by Nutrition Counselling Lab, Food Processing and Storage Lab, Food Hygiene Lab and Food Microbiology Lab in that order. Here, Basic Chemistry Lab, Biochemistry Lab, Food Microbiology Lab were pointed as subjects far from the present task of dieticians. Sixth, Department of Food and Nutrition, as a whole, has conferred with spot-practice arrangement About 50% (all who want to join spot-practice) of second year students took part in spot-practice. In the other way, all colleges except for 2 colleges didn't give the credit for the spot-practice system. Seventh, according to the on analysis on spot-practice places, manufacturing company was at highest frequcney followed by hospitals, elementary school having group feeding system in that order. Especially, 16.7% (5 colleges) of the total colleges sent the students to the research institute related to food industry for spot-practice experience. Eighth, Professors' opinions toward the spot-practice time and period were preferable on summer vacation of second year and for 1~2 weeks, respectively. On the contrary, 74 dieticians answered to the adquate period as for 4 weeks. Ninth, 86 dieticians of the total 140 answered to complete the spot-practice during their college days, which helps the present task of them. Lacks of spot-practice program, Lacks of comprehension of upper personals and lacks of group feeding equipments ranks higher as difficulties in spot-practice management.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.368-372
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• 2011

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most critical morbidities in preterm infants. The incidence of NEC is 7% in very-low-birthweight infants, and its mortality is 15 to 30%. Infants who survive NEC have various complications, such as nosocomial infection, malnutrition, growth failure, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and neurodevelopmental delays. The most important etiology in the pathogenesis of NEC is structural and immunological intestinal immaturity. In preterm infants with immature gastrointestinal tracts, development of NEC may be associated with a variety of factors, such as colonization with pathogenic bacteria, secondary ischemia, genetic polymorphisms conferring NEC susceptibility, anemia with red blood cell transfusion, and sensitization to cow milk proteins. To date, a variety of preventive strategies has been accepted or attempted in clinical practice with regard to the pathogenesis of NEC. These strategies include the use of breast feeding, various feeding strategies, probiotics, prebiotics, glutamine and arginine, and lactoferrin. There is substantial evidence for the efficacy of breast feeding and the use of probiotics in infants with birth weights above 1,000 g, and these strategies are commonly used in clinical practice. Other preventive strategies, however, require further research to establish their effect on NEC.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 1996

The surveys of food intakes were carried out on 49 healthy infants aged 4-9 months at the first interview and repeated 3 more times at the interval of 2 months by using food diary recorded by their mothers. Of the subjects 12 were breast-fed, 28, formula-fed, and 9, mixed type-fed. Foods introduced first as the weaning food were commercial weaning foods, fruit juices, yoghurt, egg and rice. Supplemental food was introduced at the age of 4 months in 57% of the infants, but it amounted to a significant proportion of overall food consumption from the age of 6 months. The levels of nutrients except energy, iron and niacin were similar or in excess of RDA, and breast-fed infants tended to have lower intakes of energy and protein compared to infants formula-fed or mixed type-fed. Average intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C and calcium were above RDA, but iron intake did not meet RDA of infants of all ages. In conclusion, the average status of nutrient intakes of infants was fairly good, however, food consumption besides milk was less in breast-fed infants than in formula-fed infants, and iron status seemed to be poor, Although it is well-known that breast-milk compared to formulas is more beneficial for infants, mothers feeding breast-milk to their infants should be educated for the importance of supplemental food and its practice to support good nutrition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 어린이집 급식시간에 관찰되는 영유아의 바람직하지 않은 식사행동과 이에 대한 보육교사의 식사지도 방법을 조사하기 위하여 서울시 금천구의 보육교사 169명을 대상으로 2013년 12월에 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 조사결과를 담당 영유아연령으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 본 연구결과, 조사대상 보육교사 중 59.2%는 승급교육 및 직무연수 등의 의무교육을 통해 식생활 교육을 수강한 것 이외에 별도의 교육을 수강한 경험이 없다고 하였다. 영양 및 위생 관련 지식점수는 30점 만점에 평균 14.6점이었다. 보육교사는 급식시간에 관찰되는 여러 식행동 중 '영유아가 돌아다니면서 음식을 먹는 행동'이 가장 바람직하지 않다고 응답하였으며 '영유아가 음식 또는 수저 등을 가지고 장난치는 행동'이 가장 빈번하게 나타난다고 하였다. '영유아가 돌아다니면서 음식을 먹는 행동 (p < 0.05)'은 담당 영유아연령에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 급식시간에 관찰되는 영유아의 바람직하지 않은 식사행동에 대해 보육교사의 식사지도 방법을 조사한 결과, '영유아의 음식을 남기는 행동 (p < 0.05)' 및 '영유아가 식사 후 식사도구 등을 정리하지 않는 행동 (p < 0.05)'에 대해 수행하는 식사지도 방법이 담당 영유아연령에 따라 통계적 차이를 보였다. '영유아가 음식을 남기는 행동'에 대해서 영아반 담당교사는 '칭찬 (34.6%)' 및 '영유아의 의사에 맡김(24.6%)'으로, 유아반 담당교사는 '설명 (38.5%)' 및 '칭찬(35.9%)'으로 식사지도 하는 경우가 많았으며, 식사 후 식사도구 등을 정리하지 않는 행동을 할 때, 유아반 담당교사의 61.5%가 '설명'의 방법으로 식사지도를 수행하였으며, 영아반 담당교사는 '설명 (33.1%)'이외에 '칭찬 (33.8%)', '모델링 (23.1%)'으로 식사지도를 수행하였다. 응답자가 근무하는 87.6%의 어린이집은 가정통신문 (45.0%)을 발송하거나 간담회 (21.9%)를 실시하여 영유아의 식사지도에 대해 가정과 상호작용하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구는 어린이집의 보육교사에게 직접 관찰이 아닌 설문조사를 통하여 영유아의 바람직하지 않은 식사행동 및 이에 대한 식사지도 방법을 파악하여 실제 보육교사가 수행하고 있는 식사지도 방법과 차이가 있을 수 있다. 그러나 본 연구는 어린이집 급식시간에 관찰되는 영유아의 바람직하지 않은 식사행동과 이에 대한 보육교사의 식사지도 방법에 대한 실태를 파악하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 본 연구결과는 어린이집에서 실시하는 식사지도에 대한 지침 및 프로그램 개발 시 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.757-766
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• 1994

The survey was conducted to investigate several factors affecting the disease outcome with 116 infants aged 10 to 24 months residing in Kunsan city, Cheonbuk province . General characteristics, weaning practice , nutrient intake and the actual state for affecting disease were studied. Among many factors, mother's educational status was found to be the most influencing factor for affecting the disease outcome analyzed by oneway ANOVA. The exposure index disease, cold and diarrrhea, against mother's education were analyzed to find out the major factors for disease outcome. The education group up to middle school graduates, mother's job , nutrients supplements, feeding method, sex of baby were the factors, for the high school graduates, job , nutrients supplements were the causes, and the group graduated from the college the above grade mother's health state was the most important factor for the baby exposing to the disease. The disease outcome decreased when the bottle feeding was replaced by breast feeding, sufficient nutrients supplementation was recommended , and health care for mother during pregnancy was strongly advised.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a workbook program on percieved stress levels, maternal role confidence and breastfeeding practices of mothers of premature infants. Method: This study employed a quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-and-post test to compare the two groups. Data was collected from 32 subjects from March 10. to September 5, 2003 at an NICU located in S. city. In the sample, fifteen mothers were in the experimental group and seventeen were in the control group. A workbook program was provided twice during a period from two-three days after the baby's admission to one week after the first intervention. The instruments used were the PSS and self confidence scale. Data was analyzed by means of frequency, SD, $x^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Result: There was a significant difference in perceived stress levels between the experimental and control group (U=2.366, p=.018). There was not a significant difference in maternal role confidence between the two groups (U=1.002, p=.316). There was a significant difference in breastfeeding practice between the two groups ($x^2=4.910$, p=.035). Conclusion: It is concluded that a program using a workbook has a positive effect on decreasing the perceived stress level and increasing breastfeeding practice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.331-344
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• 1995

The process of breast feeding was investigated from the 36th week of pregnancy to 12 weeks postnatal, in order to analyze the factors affecting breast feeding duration and provide the basic data on an education program for successful breast feeding. The general characteristics of study group had no marked effects on the breastfeeding duration. The young and highly condition during pregnancy and the degree of morning sickness affected the practice of breastfeeding. In the study of prenatal sociobehavioral factors, intended duration affected the breastfeeding duration, and the maternal perception that breastfeeding is good for weight loss after delivery as well as infant formula milk is not as good as breast milk, led to successful breast feeding. Among the postnatal biological factors, the duration of gestation affected the breast feeding. Among the postnatal biological factors, the duration of gestation affected the breastiffeding outcome. In the case of early parturition, breastfeeding rate was low. Among the postnatal biocultural factors, time of first feed, milk volume and maternal perception of infant's sucking ability affected the bresatfeeding duration. From these result, it is suggested that an education program such as participation of nursing class to the pregnant women should be provided for successful breastfeeding.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.430-439
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the nutritional status of neurosurgical tube-fed patients. The objective of this study was to improve the nutrition management of tube-fed patients. The current practices of tube feeding and enteral nutrition formula as for 95 patients in the hospital were examined by reviewing patients charts, and interviewing patients, nurses and their family members. The results are summarized as follows ; 57.9% of patients that received the formula showed a decrease in mental status. Among the subjects, 55.7% had nervous system diseases due to old age. Most of the tube-fed patients were hospitalized in the emergency room and while hospitalized, the status of their respiratory organ was abnormal. The method of tube-feeding was by Bolus injection and the type of the tube was a 16Fr size silicone tube. The amount of the injection per day while tube-feeding was on average 1424kcal for men and 1322kcal for women and the calories per day ranged from 1000-1500kcal(50.5%). The injection volume averaged 332.7ml and 45% of patients received more than 300ml per injection. The tube feeding intake rate was 127.9ml/min with 50% of subjects in the range of 50-100ml/min and 10% at 20ml/min. The longer the hospitalization, the older age, coma status, and the higher tube feeding rate, the more decreased were the biochemical parameters.