• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.294-307
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to find out how married women who had had an abortions experience a change through Family Constellation. The consequent changes will occur in the perception of an abortion experience and in the relation between married women themselves and their family. The participants in the study were 9 married women aged 40~60 who have experienced an abortion, and data collection was carried out over 3 periods which were before, right after and one month after the Family Constellation experience through individual in-depth interviews. The chief methodology of this study is based on the one by Colaizzi's phenomenological research, and by using the methodology to analyze the data 15 theme collections and 3 categories were deducted. According to the result of the analysis, the experience of abortion was having negative influence on the whole spectrum of the life of married women who experienced an abortion even though they did not consciously recall the relevant experiences. In the married women's Family Constellation, the agent visualizes the restrained relation which is hidden in unconsciousness and thereby offers an opportunity for married women to untie "knot". Moreover through this opportunity, married women are able to have new perception of their abortion experience and the relation between their family. Furthermore, not only will they be able to recover the relationship with their family, but also emotional stability.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2002

We present a family of constant-amplitude constellations of even dimensions 8 and above. These constellations allow trellis coded modulation to be implemented without the usual penalty paid for constellation expansion. The new constellations are generated by concatenating either n QPSK points or n QPSK points rotated by 45 degrees, for any n $\geq$ 4. Our constellations double the number of points available for transmission without decreasing the distance between points and without increasing the average or peak energies, introducing asymmetry, or increasing the modulation level. Effective gains of 2.65 dB with minimum complexity through 6.42 dB with moderate complexity are demonstrated using the 8D constellation.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.39-53
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• 1998

The CMA and MCMA adaptive blind equalization algorithm has an inevitable error caused by mismatching between the original constellation at the steady state after the equalization and the unique constellation. This problem is due to considering the new type constellation(constant modulus, reduced constellation) as desired constellation. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive blind equalization algorithm which can reach to the steady state with rapid convergence speed and achive the improvement of error value in the steady state. The Proposed algorithm has a new error function using the decided original constellation instead of the reduced constellation. By computer simulation, it is comfirmed that the proposed algorithm has the performance superiority in terms of residual ISI and convergence speed compared with the adaptive blind equalization algorithm of CMA family, Constant Modulus Algorithm with Carrier Phase Recovery and Modified CMA(MCMA).

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.105-115
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• 2005

The CMA and MMA blind equalization algorithm has the inevitable large residual error caused by mismatching between the symbol constellation at a steady state after convergence. Stop-and-Go algorithm has a very superior residual error characteristics at a steady state but a relatively slow convergence characteristics. In this paper, we propose a SAG-Flagged MMA as a new adaptive blind equalization algorithm with a Stop-and-Go flag which follows a flagged MMA in update scheme of tap weights as appling the flag obtaining from Stop-and-Go algorithm to MMA. Using computer simulation, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithm has an enhancing performance from the viewpoint of residual ISI, residual error and convergence speed in comparison with MMA and Stop-and-Go algorithm. Algorithm has a new error function using the decided original constellation instead of the reduced constellation. By computer simulation, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithm has the performance superiority in terms of residual ISI and convergence speed compared with the adaptive blind equalization algorithm of CMA family, Constant Modulus Algorithm with Carrier Phase Recovery and Modified CMA(MCMA).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.87-101
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• 2008

This research was based on a case study of a child who experienced difficulties in ego development due to her mother's compulsive and depressed behavior. Twenty-four therapeutic play sessions, including 16 sessions involving sandplay, were conducted. Based on discussions by Neumann and Kalff, the child's early psychic development and ego development were observed during these sandplay. As part af this investigation, I conducted counseling sessions in the sandbox where the atmosphere was free and safe. The sessions were based on mother-child unity with the therapist. As a result, the child exhibited restoration of mother-child unity and showed the journey of constellation of self and ego development. The results of this research indicate the effectiveness of sandplay in accelerating ego development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.5
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• pp.141-152
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• 1981

Various ceremonial flags were of great importance to the rulers who wished to have the absolute authorities for governing the people. Perhaps nothing indicated the ideas, thoughts and symbols of a certain period and people than the ceremonial flags. The ceremonial flags used in the old China and Korea took the shapes of the heaven and the earth, representing the social backgrounds and thoughts. This study was limited only to the discussion of the heaven-shaped patterns of the ceremonial flags. The 28 constellations of the heaven, in the Oriental way of thinking, were considered to express the immortal powers of Providence and the political domination of the earth. Hence the Polaris, the center of the heaven, symbolized the whole family of king, prince, child born of a concubine and royal harem. Among the constellation pictures were those of Han period, wall painting of old tombs in Koguryeo kingdom and old Japanese kingdom. Referring to the Emperor's ceremonial flags in Daemyeongjibyei, symbolic meanings changed historically and the complete systems of the ceremonial flags were established in Song period when the divine person was drawn on the flags. Animals concerned properly with the particular star and the shapes of the star were both drawn on the flags in Won period and only the shapes of the particular star in Myeong period. In the Imperial enthronement of Kojong the ceremonial flags might be made by the examples of those of Myeong period and remains are now found at Changdeok Palace, which need a further study because the references in detail are not available.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.581-588
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• 2013

Based on an interleaving technique and quadriphase periodic complementary sequence (CS) mates, this paper presents a method for constructing a family of 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) periodic CS mates. The resulting mates arise from the conversion of quadriphase periodic CS mates, and the period of the former is twice as long as that of the latter. In addition, based on the existing binary periodic CS mates, a table on the existence of the proposed 16-QAM periodic CS mates is given. Furthermore, the proposed method can also transform a mutually orthogonal (MO) quadriphase CS set into an MO 16-QAM CS set. Finally, three examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.18
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• pp.225-245
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• 1992

The button is a part of costume. But it has the symbolism of costume in itself and reflects the sociocultural phenomena. The purpose of this study is to clarify symbolism of button of eighteenth and nineteenth century which had been most popular. This study is based on the library research. Through this paper, I reached conclusions as follows. The symbolism of button is found in various ways. First, Aesthetics is found in material, color, design and type etc. of button. Especially Indian silver button of abstract type shows well distinctive aesthetics of Indians. Second, The material and the number of button vary with one's status and show off one's privilege. I England, there was the rule, in which the symbol of the King was a silver button with a figure of lion. The livery button represents his family to the nble and shows the meaning of obedience to the servant. Third, The button on uniform varies with ranks. This is prominent in a uniform of a soldier or a policeman. Fourth Material and craft of button show one's economic position. The button gives a Very good picture of what one's life was then. Precious button with gold, silver, and other jewels is an index to one's property. Fifth, The button of political event is used for election, which shows the face and the name of runner. Besides that, there were buttons designed for the flag or the slogan for political event. Sixth, The button of social event reflects a social phase of life in war or revolution, for example, it satirizes the burning of the Bastille in the French Revolution, or the taxpayer bearing the burden. Seventh, the buttons that symbolize a historic event are made to commemorante an epochal and critical occurrence or an important person's birth, death, visit to some place, etc., Eighth, there were well-known persons, for example, a president, a king, a queen, a singer, or an artist in the buton of personality. Nineth, The button of one's company shows one's community in figures or pictures, that is, this button is used as a symbol one's community. Tenth, The button varies with the development of science and technology. It gives a very good picture of what it was and what the technological level was. Eleventh, The buttons that symmbolize on occupation most impressively are uniform buttons. Symbolic marks related with a particular occupation are carved on the buttons of compary employees' uniforms. Twelfth, Various natural phenomena are designed to appear on buttons, Some express themselves simply as they are, and others appear as a symbolic form such as environmental relationship between men and nature, four seasons, a constellation and all other natural things occurring during a year. Finally, The button of rebus is a motto expressed by a combination with objects figures, letters, words, or phrases.