• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.188-195
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between internet addiction, smartphone addiction, and psychosocial factors. This study was designed to examine the vulnerability factors for internet and smartphone addiction. Methods: The participants were 1041 children and adolescents in a small and medium-sized cities. All of the participants were evaluated in terms of their demographic characteristics and present use of the internet and smartphone, as well as using internet and smartphone addiction and other psychological scales. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the psychosocial factors between the high risk, potential risk, and general user groups of internet and smartphone addiction. Results: The participants were classified into three groups, the high risk (N=33), potential risk (N=203), and general user (N=805) groups with regard to their internet and smartphone addiction level. There were statistical significantly differences between the groups in terms of the economic status of the family, academic performance, parents, use of internet and smartphone, loneliness, family cohesion, family adaptability, perceived social support, and peer relationship. Conclusion: These results suggest that the internet and smartphone addiction of children and adolescents is related to various psychosocial vulnerability factors.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 1973

I. Objectives of the study This study attempted In examine, from a pedagogical point of view, how socially-handicapped children differ from normal ones in their family backgrounds, personality-traits. adaptability to school life, and their peer relationship. This study was made under the following hypothesis; 1. The family background of socially-handicapped children is less desirable than that of normal ones. 2. Personality traits of socially-handicapped children are less desirable than those of normal ones. 3. Socially handicapped children tend to be less adaptable to school life than normal ones. 4. Peer-relationship of socially-handicapped children is less desirable than of normal ones . II. Contents of study The thesis consists of the following five main parts; 1. Introduction 2. Related Studies 3. Procedure 4. Results 5. Summary and Conclusions III. Instruments The following instruments were used for this study; 1. Family background record prepared by the school. 2. Questionnaire prepared by the writer. 3. General personality test (written by Kim Ki-Suk and published by Korean Testing Center). 4. School activity record. 5. Sociocratic test. IV. The following conclusions were derived from the study 1, As compared with normal children, socially-handicapped ones have, in many cases, larger number of siblings, their families belong to lower economic bracket: their parents were indifferent to their children, and their mothers were less educated. 2. As compared with normal children, socially-handicapped ones are emotionally unstable, although they are the same as normal children in their sense of dominancy, responsibility, sociality, and confidence. 3. As compared with normal children, socially-handicapped ones are tardy in their learning, although they are almost the same as normal ones in their intelligence development. 4. As compared with normal children, socially-handicapped ones make friends more easily with pupils of other classes and schools rather than those of their own class or school.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.97-110
• /
• 1973

The goal of modern nursing is to provide comprehensive nursing care to patients. If comprehensive nursing care to children (within the hospital setting) is to be provided, consideration of the stage of growth and development of the child is especially important. From clinical observation, it appeared that nurses often disregarded individual requirements of children in giving nursing care. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to show that comprehensive nursing care which is based on an understanding of the growth and development of the child contributes to both the child and the mother's adaptability to the child's hospitalization. Method: Sixty children, three to three year of age, hospitalized at the Yonsei University Pediatric Ward ware studied. From April 1, 1973 to May 5, 1973, children admitted to the hospital were assigned to either an experimental or a compare groups. There were 30 children in each group. The sex and age of the children in each group was similar. In both groups were more male than female children. In the experimental group, each mother stayed with hot child continuously during his hospitalization. In the compare groups, the mother or some other member of the family stayed with the child. Each day on the child's admission the investigator visited the ward from 1-2 P.M. to 9-10 P.M., in order to provide comprehensive care for the experimental -group. The assistance given the nurses by the investigator was in the form of conferences regarding care and in giving direct care to the child and his mother. The compare group of children received nursing care as usually provided by the hospital. The instruments used to obtain the data for analysis were as follows: 1. The fear and anxiety reaction of the child was recorded by observation of the investigator for four areas: 1) separation from parent and relatives 2) reaction to Doctor and Nurse with white gowns 3) reaction to nursing care 4) reaction to injection and tests, etc. 2. Regression in area of eating, sleeping, and elimination were recorded by the investigator by questioning the mother and by observation. 3. Adaptability to the hospitalization was recorded by direct questioning of the children for areas of emotional and social adjustment. For children older than 3 years of age or children not seriously ill, using the simple I. Q. test this was possible for only 35 of the total 60 children. Result: 1. 55 percents of the total 60 children had been prepared by their parents for hospitalization. The children who had received prior preparation accepted hospitalization more readily than those who had received no preparation. (χ²=4.6 Ρ<0.05) 2. On admission 31.7 percent of the children expressed verbal fear of their discase or treatment. 25 percent felt that the disease was due to their mistake. 3. There was a significant difference in the reaction of the child to separation from the parent or relatives between the two groups. The experimental groups showed less anxiety due to separation than the compare group. (χ²=4.34 Ρ<0.05) In both groups there was less anxiety due to separation among school age (6-12 years) children than among preschool age (3-5 years) children. (χ²=9.22 Ρ<0.05) 4. More than half of the children in both groups reacted with fear and avoidance to doctor and/or nurses wearing white gowns. (χ²=0.06 Ρ<0.05) 5. The experimental group reacted more favorably to nursing in general than the compare group. (χ²=4.8 Ρ<0.05) 6. There was no difference in the fear and refused reaction to special tests and/or such as X-rays and injections, etc. between the groups. (χ²=3.77 Ρ<0.05) 7. More children in the compare group showed regressive tendencies in eating, sleeping, and elimination habits than in experimental groups. (χ²=2.3 Ρ<0.05 χ²=3.88 Ρ<0.05 χ²=4.9 Ρ<0.05) 8. There was a significant difference in the adaptability to hospitalization between the two groups. The experimental groups adapted more readily. (χ²=2.02 Ρ<0.05) 9. For children who had higher I.Q. s the adaptability to hospitalization was better regardless of the group. (χ²=5.03 Ρ<0.05) However, because of the small number of cases (60), this finding cannot be extrapolated without further verification. The date demonstrates that there was a greater adaptability to hospitalization by the child when comprehensive nursing care was given. By planning care and applying knowledge of growth and development to meet, nurses are in a position to prevent some of the psychological trauma associated with hospitalization.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 중학교에 재학 중인 남녀 청소년을 대상으로, 성별에 따른 청소년 행동문제의 차이를 살펴보고, 가족체계유형과 학교생활적응 및 행동문제의 관련성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 연구를 참고로 하여 가족체계유형 분류를 위한 가족기능성, 학교생활적응, 행동문제의 척도를 구성하고, 서울시 중학생 1,444명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 후 1,382부(남학생 747명, 여학생 635명)의 자료를 최종분석에 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남자 청소년보다 여자 청소년이 내재화 행동문제를 더 많이 경험하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가족체계유형에 따라 남녀 청소년의 학교생활적응 수준에 차이가 나타났다. 부적응가족 집단 청소년의 학교생활적응 수준이 가장 낮았고, 적응가족 집단 청소년의 학교생활적응 수준이 가장 높았다. 셋째, 가족체계유형에 따라 남녀 청소년의 행동문제에서 차이가 나타났다. 부적응가족 집단의 청소년이 행동문제를 가장 많이 경험하였고, 적응가족 집단의 청소년은 행동문제를 가장 적게 경험하였다. 넷째, 학교생활적응에 따라 청소년의 행동문제에 차이가 나타났다. 학교생활적응 수준이 높은 집단에서 행동문제를 적게 경험하고, 학교생활적응 수준이 낮은 집단에서 행동문제를 많이 경험하고 있었다. 다섯째, 남녀 청소년 모두 모든 가족체계유형에서 학교생활적응과 외현화 및 내재화 행동문제 간에 부적 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 특히 남자 청소년의 경우에는 가족이 기능적이지 못할 때 학교생활적응과 외현화 행동문제의 부적 관련성이 높고, 여자 청소년의 경우에는 가족이 기능적이지 못할 때 학교생활적응과 내재화 행동문제의 부적 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제20권8호
• /
• pp.418-428
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 다문화청소년이 지각한 부모의 긍정적 양육태도인 감독과 부정적 양육태도인 방임이 학교 생활적응에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 자아존중감과 우울이 부모의 양육태도와 학교생활적응 간의 관계에서 매개역할을 수행하는지 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 '다문화청소년패널조사(MAPS)' 2016년 제6차 년도 데이터를 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구대상은 제6차 년도 조사자 1,329명 중 16세 미만의 자녀이고, 어머니가 외국인인 국제결혼가정 자녀에 해당하는 다문화청소년 1,236명이다. 본 연구를 통해 도출한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 감독과 자아존중감은 학교생활적응에 긍정적 영향을, 방임과 우울은 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 다문화청소년이 지각한 부모의 긍정적 양육태도인 감독 및 부정적 양육태도인 방임은 자아존중감과 우울을 매개로 하여 학교생활적응에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과에 기초하여 다문화청소년들의 학교생활적응도를 높이기 위한 다문화가정 부모들의 양육태도에 시사하는 실천적 함의를 논의하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.270-282
• /
• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 다문화가정 아동의 이중문화특성 및 사회적 자본이 우울 및 자존감의 심리적 적응에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 데 있다. 조사대상자는 서울 등 7개의 대도시지역의 어머니가 결혼이주여성인 초등학교 3~6학년, 중1~3학년 아동 305명, 그의 어머니 295명이다. 회귀분석 결과, 다문화가정 아동의 우울감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴보면, 친구 지지가 낮을수록, 이용한 프로그램 수가 많을수록, 주관적 경제수준이 낮다고 생각할수록 우울감이 더 높게 나타났고, 이 중 친구 지지가 가장 강력한 요인으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자존감에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 살펴보면 친구지지가 가장 강력한 영향요인으로 나타났고 다음으로 어머니의 한국어 수준, 교사지지, 이용한 프로그램 수 등의 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 다문화가족 아동의 심리적응을 높이기 위한 개입 시 이중문화특성과 사회적 자본 특성을 고려해야 하며 특히 친구지지나 교사지지와 같은 사회적 자본 특성을 반영한 개입이 필요함을 보여준다.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.71-100
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 그룹음악치료가 정서적 단절을 경험하는 과잉-분리가정 청소년의 소외감 감소에 미치는 영향을 내용 분석하여 고찰한 사례연구이다. 이를 위해 서울시 소재 S정보산업 고등학교 1학년 148명을 대상으로 가족응집력 검사를 실시한 후, 척도 점수가 10-25점 사이의 과잉-분리가정 청소년 4명을 대상으로 주 2회 7주간 14회기의 그룹음악치료 프로그램을 실시하였다. 대상자들의 음악활동에서 보인 소외감과 관련한 언어적 음악적 표현을 단계별로 내용 분석한 결과, 단계가 진행됨에 따라 자신의 상황과 환경에 대한 불만이 감소하였고 이를 긍정적으로 바라보는 인식의 변화가 있었음이 확인되었다. 또한 중재 후 대화와 토론은 이들이 긍정적이고 일관된 지지를 경험하고 문제에 대한 해결책을 찾는 모델로 활용되어 대상자들에게 삶의 목적과 의미를 부여하게 되었다. 이 같은 결과는 가족 구성원간의 정서적 단절로 인해 무기력과 무의미, 고립감을 경험하는 청소년에게 음악을 매개체로한 그룹치료는 연주과정을 통해 소속감과 성취감을 경험하고 그룹원의 지지와 친밀감을 경험하게 함으로 소외감 감소에 효과적인 중재가 될 수 있음을 시사한다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의가 있다고 하겠다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.14-24
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of academic stress on depression suffered by college nursing students and the moderating effects of academic resilience. Methods: For this survey, 257 students (1st and 2nd year) participated, and it was performed over two weeks in September 2014. In this study, statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 for Windows and as a t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The students' academic stress had a significant impact on their depression (${\beta}=.279$). The moderating effects of academic resilience did not have a significant impact, which is presumably as a result of there being more complex, nonlinear effects, rather than a simple, linear relationship between academic stress and resilience. Conclusion: It may be incorrect to assume that academic resilience is a moderating variable that lessens academic stress. It is implied that academic resilience can have a significant impact when internal and external support conditions are met, and that the effects can be reinforced when family support, a learning environment, and improved adaptability to life at school are also provided.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.930-935
• /
• 2015

A phytase gene was identified in a publicly available metagenome derived from subsurface groundwater, which was deduced to encode for a protein of the histidine acid phosphatase (HAP) family. The nucleotide sequence of the phytase gene was chemically synthesized and cloned, in order to further overexpress the phytase in Escherichia coli. Purified protein of the recombinant phytase demonstrated an activity for phytic acid of 298 ± 17 µmol P/min/mg, at the pH optimum of 2.0 with the temperature of 37℃. Interestingly, the pH optimum of this phytase is much lower in comparison with most HAP phytases known to date. It suggests that the phytase could possess improved adaptability to the low pH condition caused by the gastric acid in livestock and poultry stomachs.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.149-161
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This phenomenological study was conducted to describe and understand the experience of vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes by identifying the meanings and structures of the experience. Methods: The data were collected through in-depth interviews of six vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes aged over 65 years. The interview data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and checked for accuracy. The Colaizzi's method of phenomenology was used to analyze the data. Results: Four theme clusters were extracted as follows: 'Life adversity', 'Adaptability to the life', 'Replacement of absence of family with social support', 'Difficulty of self-care'. Conclusion: The results provide an in-depth understanding of life experiences of vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes. The findings will be useful to nurses caring for this population.