• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.538-542
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• 2006

Three new compounds were isolated from the methanol extracts of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) hull, and their structures were determined to be 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2(Z),4(E)-dienoic acid (1), 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2(E),4(E)-dienoic acid (2), and 4,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2(E),5(E)-dienoic acid (3) by NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. These compounds at $500{\mu}g$ concentration showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrated by the paper disc method.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.745-757
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• 2018

We analyzed the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of common buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum and tartary buckwheat, F. tataricum. The diversity of the nucleotides and haplotypes, Tajima's D, and Fu's Fs was analyzed and compared among the varieties of common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat. The diversity of nucleotides and haplotypes indicated that the buckwheat populations had undergone rapid population expansion but D and Fs did not support their expansion statistically. The phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences did not clearly establish the phylogenetic relationships between the varieties of common buckwheat. The In/Del sequence of ITS-1 region could, therefore, be used as a DNA marker to distinguish raw or manufactured products derived from common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1110-1114
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the potential of Lactobacillus brevis AR1 fermented broth containing various grains (Fagopyrum esculentum, Scotch oat, Sesamum indicum, Glycine max Merr, Castanea crenata, Oryza sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara, or Triticum aestivum L.) or Saccharina japonica as a source of collagen synthesis in cosmetic products. The treatment of Lb. brevis AR1 fermented broths containing F. esculentum or S. japonica water extracts was markedly increased the synthesis of collagen in fibroblasts. The collagen synthesis capacity of the S. japonica fermentation product was higher than that of β-glucan, which was used as a positive control. Under controlled conditions in broths containing F. esculentum or the S. japonica extracts with 4% monosodium glutamate (MSG), Lb. brevis AR1 produced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at a concentration of 180 mM, with an 84.5% GABA conversion rate after 72 h. Both the F. esculentum and S. japonica fermentation broths produced by Lb. brevis AR1 reduced inflammatory responses on mouse skin and did not show cell cytotoxicity in fibroblasts. These results suggest that both the F. esculentum and S. japonica fermentation products of Lb. brevis AR1 could be used as functional materials in cosmetic products to combat wrinkles and skin inflammation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.977-984
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• 2018

This study aimed to enhance rutin contents by controlling germination condition for manufacturing buckwheat sprouts. Two kinds of buckwheat, a common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and a tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertner) were used. By comparing the rutin content of two buckwheats, tartary buckwheat was 487 ppm, about 36 times higher than common buckwheat. Both common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat which germinated and grew under the light had higher rutin content relatively. In case of tartary buckwheat, rutin content of over 10 cm sprout was 4,579 ppm (without the light), and 5,160 ppm (with the light). Furthermore, tartary buckwheat was germinated and grew under different light strengths from 2,000 to 22,000 Lux. The rutin contents of tartary buckwheat sprout that was grown under the 22,000 Lux light was the highest. The rutin content was increased dramatically at 14,000 Lux of light. From 14,000 to 22,000 Lux, there was a little change on rutin content. Therefore, the condition of 14,000 Lux light was determined optimal for manufacturing tartary buckwheat sprouts. Also, rutin contents of extracts treated with 60, 70, 80 and $90^{\circ}C$ during different time had no significant difference. Therefore, rutin of tartary buckwheat sprout extract had thermostability up to $90^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

This study evaluated the functional characteristics of saccharified buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) following ${\alpha}$-amylase, ${\beta}$-amylase or glucoamylase treatment based on changes in soluble solid contents, rutin and quercetin contents, total polyphenols and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The results showed that the amylase treatments significantly influenced the saccharification time. Additionally, total polyphenol, rutin, and quercetin contents increased during the saccharification process; increase in phenolic compounds induced antioxidant activity. The present study demonstrated that buckwheat has a higher amount of functional compounds and higher antioxidant activity after saccharification. These results show that buckwheat saccharification can be used to increase antioxidant capacity and functional value for applications in functional food industries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

Prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia is important, as it is implicated in the development of macro- and microvascular complications associated with diabetes. An inhibitor of ${\alpha}$-amylase which acts in the first step of carbohydrate digestion, is expected to be a suppressor of postprandial hyperglycemia. This study investigated the porcine pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of the extracts from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) flower, leaf, stem and grain. Flower, leaf, stem and grain of buckwheat were extracted by water and ethanol (40%, 70%, 100%), respectively. Flower and leaf extracts were more effective ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitors than stem and grain extracts in all tested solutions. Ethanol extracts were more effective than water extracts or powders on the ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities. At concentrations of $0.5%{\sim}10%$ (w/w, starch basis), the flower extracts of 40%, 70% and 100% ethanol lowered the enzyme activity by about 90% and the results were similar to the values of acarbose. At the same concentrations, the leaf extracts of 100% ethanol lowered the enzyme activity by about 90%. These results suggest that buckwheat flower and leaf ethanol extracts may delay carbohydrate digestion and lower postprandial hyperglycemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1291-1296
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of Fagopyrum esculentum Moenech noodles (FEMN) extracts using Ames test and cytotoxicity, respectively. FEMN made buckwheat wet noodles (BWN), buckwheat extruded noodles (BEN) and buckwheat dehydrated noodles (BDN) by 60% buckwheat flour and 70% buckwheat flour. The inhibitory effects of FEMN extracts on cell proliferation in A549, Hep3B, MCF-7, AGS and HeLa were investigated by SRB assay. The cytotoxic effects of FEMN against the cell lines with human lung carcinoma (A549), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) were inhibited with the increase of the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 mg/mL FEMN of 60% BEN extracts showed strong cytotoxicities of 74.7%, 75.3% and 70.5% against AGS, A549 and HeLa, respectively. The inhibition rate of 70% BWN of FEMN extracts in the S. Typhimurium TA100 strain showed 41% against the mutagenesis induced by MNNG. The inhibition rate of 70% BEN of FEMN extracts in the S. Typhimurium TA98 strain showed 45% against the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2000

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of weed control and lodging reduction in the cultivation of buckwheat. The effect of weed control was significant. In the herbicide plot, nevertheless, grain yield and plant height were more decreased than habitual and vinyl mulching plots. Therefore, the application of herbicide was considered unnecessary in buckwheat cultivation having short growth period. In the habitual plot, dominant weed species are Digitaria sanguinalis, Erigeron annuus, E. canadensis, Setaria viridis, and Stellaria alsine var. undulata. On the effect of plant dwarf agent, C.C.C. and TIBA, plant height became shorter than habitual plot but the grain yield decreased. The latter tip pinching time, the less in grain yield which indicate tip pinching is ineffective in grain yield and lodging reduction. Among the wild species and cultivars of Fagopyrum, F. urophyllum was differentiated into xylem and phloem tissues indicating woody plant. Stem hardness of this species was the hardest as 625,110,000 dyne/cm$^2$which is at least 3.5 times harder than F. esculentum cv. Suwon #12. Therefore, it needs that the woody habitat gene of F. urophyllum is transfered into other cultivars in buckwheat breeding strategy.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.352-357
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of temperature and photoperiod on the growth of Fagopyrum tataricum. It showed a tendency to promote the germination rate and plant height of tartary buckwheat under high temperature. Plant height and number of leaves were promoted in the order of 25 ＆gt; 20 ＆gt; 15 ＆gt; 3$0^{\circ}C$ under the different temperature after 30 days of the planting. In the 10, 12, 14hr photoperiods at 2$0^{\circ}C$, plant height, number of leaves and dry weight were increased as much as photoperiod became long except by 16hr. Rutin contents was not regular both common and tartary buckwheat under the photoperiods. The rutin content in leaves was higher than stem. Compared to yield of tartary and common buckwheat, plant height, number of leaves, number of branch and stem diameter of tartary buckwheat increased more than common buckwheat. Especially, number of leaves was increased about 2.5 times more than common buckwheat. And there was a difference in about 2.1 times in grain weight and about 5.4 times in number of grains. Rutin content was 1469.8mg/l00g in grain of tartary buckwheat. It was about 60 times higher than 22mg/100g in grain of common buckwheat.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.366-367
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• 2011