• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 2015

The primary aim of this study was to investigate biosecurity practices in pig farms and to determine the major risk factors associated with PCV2 infection for a sampled swine population in Korea. To this end, we analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of 296 farrow-to-finish farms, which was conducted between March and September 2014 to explore the prevalence of swine disease at farm level. Face-to-face interviews by on-site visit of trained veterinarians were conducted with the farm owners or managers using a standardized questionnaires with information about basic demographical data and management practices. Farms were classified as negative or positive through the use of infection profiles that combined data on serological testing including PCR antigen test result, antibody titer and sero-conversion pattern at each age category taking into account vaccination status. Data were analyzed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression. Results from this study indicated that biosecurity level of the farms was considered not good given low compliance of the biosecurity programs and facilities in the farm: off-site removal of dead stocks (7%), off-site location of storage facility for incoming feeds (12.6%), off-site pick-up location for finishers (19.3%), restrictions on feed supplier vehicles for farm entrance (19.6%), restriction of finisher trucks entering the farm (22.4%), and restriction on manure disposal trucks entering the farm (26.4%). In the final model (n = 255), allowance of finisher truck driver to the pig unit had increased risk of infection (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.22-4.67) whereas farms with a sign forbidding the entrance had decreased risk of infection (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.10-0.58). Further comprehensive research with larger sample size is required to better understand the multifactorial characteristic that some predisposing risk factors that were not available in this study. To the best knowledge of the authors, this was the first study to use empirical data to report risk factors associated with PCV2 infection in the Korean pig farms. Results from the current study could be used to decide optimal biosecurity measures to reduce the impact of PCV2 infection to farmers and policy makers.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2010

Disposal methods of managing carcass in Korea livestock production systems include burying, digesting, rendering, carcass dumping to manure pile, dead animal disposer and mini-incinerator. Burying was usually the most practical method of carcass disposal in our livestock farms. Burying, carcass dumping to manure pile, dead animal disposer and mini-incinerator may have environmental regulatory and economic liabilities when used as a means of carcass disposal. In many cases in this survey, these disposal methods offer a poor choice for the producer due to individual site conditions, geology, cost, air emissions, rendering plants. A survey questionnaire that addressed the issues to livestock producers was prepared. The questionnaire addressed two main topics as follows: 1) types of livestock and generation amounts of carcass 2) Number of breeding animals and disposal methods of livestock mortality. A total of 36 livestock producers were interviewed. The results of obtained in this survey were summarized as follows: The number of breeding poultry, swine, beef cow and dairy cow was 251,000, 2,600, 142 and 92 heads per year and the generation amounts of annually carcass was 0.46, 15.32, 0.36, 1.36 tons per year of each poultry, swine, beef cow and dairy cow farms, respectively. The disposal methods of carcass were burying (42%), carcass dumping to manure pile (36%), rendering (8%), incineration (6%), digesting (6%), carcass disposer (2%), respectively. These results can be used as basic information to establish the standard of carcass composting facility.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.427-431
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• 2012

This study was conducted to monitor and evaluate microbial contamination during manufacturing process in 6 red pepper powder factories. Red pepper powder samples were taken from manufacturing facilitates, working area and workers' hands to determine sanitary indicator bacteria (SIB) such as aerobic bacteria and coliform group as well as pathogenic indicator bacteria (PIB) such as Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus. The results indicated that SIB in primary materials was detected as low as 3 log units and E.coil and Staphylococcus aureus of PIB were detected. After grinding process, aerobic bacteria, fungi, and coliform group increased 52% and 108%, respectively. In final products, PIB was not detected except for one found Staphylococcus aureus by which workers' hands were contaminated. Moreover, UV detectors in all the manufacturers were not able to reduce bacteria. Thus, this data suggest that a stringent safety management be needed to prevent cross contamination, and also reconsider effectiveness of facility.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.625-632
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• 2013

Since GBAS is a navaid facility to provide precision approach service to aircrafts landing at airports, it must be approved by the air navigation service provider or the aviation regulator to be declared operational. However, Korea has no experience in developing or operating the system so there is no approval criteria for GBAS. In order to develop the criteria in case of the future GBAS procurement, Korea Aerospace Research Institute has been testing the installed commercial GBAS station, SLS-4000, in Gimpo International Airport. This paper summarizes the criteria development results focusing on the system design approval. The criteria have been outlined based on the other leading nations' cases and documentations and established in detail on the basis of the FAA SDA artifacts. Those will be directly used for GBAS approval procedure in Korea and are expected to be useful in system requirement analysis, design, development and artifact management in case of own GNSS-based navaid system development in the future.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-33
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• 2012

Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs prepared the method to update traffic connection system by amending "National Transport System Efficiency Act(hereinafter Act)". The key is a development of Intermodal Transfer Center. The law and guideline related with Intermodal Transfer Center requires the installation and operation of transfer information guide facility to improve user's convenience. However, there are no sufficient studies that can be used as references for the method to construct transfer support information system related with user's preference. The study performed the research about user's service satisfaction in relation with transfer support information service, which was embodied in model operation process, on the basis of transfer support information system of Intermodal Transfer Center applied to Gimpo Airport. The analysis result about service preference, importance of each supplied information, service satisfaction and consideration for service embodiment can be used as a guideline to embody the user information service of Intermodal Transfer Center. In addition, through CVM, the study estimated and proposed the service valuation of smart intermodal transfer service that provides customized information to cope with user's situation and traffic means operation status among transfer support information service. It is determined that the study will measure the benefit of Intermodal Transfer Center user by using monetary value when smart intermodal transfer service is supplied and provide the ground to expand high-tech transfer information service with high usefulness and convenience.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1930-1936
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• 2007

Electronic Navigational Charts(ENCs) are official nautical charts which are equivalent to paper charts with supplementary information. Although their main purpose is to be used for the safe navigation of ships, they also contain much information on coasts and seas which may be interesting to ordinary people. However, there is no easy way to access them because of their specialized data format, access method and visualization. This paper proposes m implementation of SVG for the access and services of ENCs. SVG(Scalable Vector Graphic) makes it possible to make use of Vector graphics for map services in basic internet browsing environment. Implementation of SVG for ENC applications by this research is free of special server side GIS mapping system and client side extra technology. The Implementation of SVG for ENC Applications can be summarized as follows: Firstly, SVG provides spatial information to possess searching engine to embody SVG map. Secondly SVG can provide high-quality vector map graphics and interactive facility without special Internet GIS system. It makes it possible to use services with very low cost. Thirdly, SVG information service targeting on maritime transportation can be used as template, so it can be used dynamically any other purpose such as traffic management and vessel monitoring. Many good characteristics of SVG in mapping at computer screen and reusability of SVG document provide new era of visualization of marine geographic information.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.4
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• pp.79-95
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• 2003

This dissertation aims to analyze various safety accidents taking place during physical education class according to physical education teacher's value orientation, to identify teacher's value orientation that can minimize safety accidents, and to provide basic materials for safe and smooth class management. For this purpose, data have been collected from 261 physical education teachers at some middle and high schools in G City in Kyung-Ki Province and Busan Metropolitan City. The materials were treated as follows: The variables on demographic characteristics of physical education teachers are determined by t-test ; The analysis of one-way ANOVA and relationship between value orientation and safety accident prevention activities was conducted through Pearson's linear correlation analysis and multiple regression; The analysis of the relationship between value orientation and actual conditions of safety accidents was conducted through logistic regression. First, there is almost no awareness difference of physical education teachers' value orientation according to demographical variables. The value orientation physical education teachers consider to be the most important is, however, mainly 'mastery of disciplinary lesson.' There is a statistically significant difference in safety accident prevention activities according to demographical variables. Teachers' focuses in class contents showed a significant difference according to teaching experience and working area, while the dependency on facility has a significant difference according to teaching experience and school type. Second, there is no correlation between physical education teacher's value orientation and safety accident prevention activities because there is virtually no statistically significant difference between them. It means that safety accident prevention activities are not related with on which teachers place emphasis among mastery of disciplinary lesson, social reconstruction, self-realization, ecological integration and value orientation on learning process. Third, the analysis of safety accident prevention activities according to physical education teachers' value orientation revealed that the lower value orientation in social reconstruction is, the more safety accidents teachers experience. It is also found that crashes among students, ball games and leg injuries are inter-related with social reconstruction in value orientation, over-motivation and unskilled motor function ; athletic sports with value orientation on learning process and safety prevention training ; unskilled motor functions with value orientation in ecological integration and disobedience to teacher's directions ; winter accidents with mastery of disciplinary lesson in value orientation. In conclusion, the research indicates that physical education teacher's value orientation according to demographical variables didn't show any significant difference, while one according to safety accident prevention activities showed significant difference. Besides, physical education teachers' value orientation is not related to safety accident prevention activities, but the relationship between value orientation and actual conditions of safety accidents showed correlations according to each variable. Especially, teachers with lower value orientation in social reconstruction experienced more safety accidents. Therefore, physical education teachers can manage physical education class more safely with more emphasis on value orientation in social reconstruction.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.410-424
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• 2021

Background: Subway stations have the characteristics of being located underground and are a representative public-use facility used by an unspecified number of people. As concerns about indoor air quality (IAQ) increase, various management measures are being implemented. However, there are few systematic studies and cases of long-term continuous measurement of underground station air quality. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze changes and factors influencing IAQ in subway stations through real-time continuous long-term measurement using IoT-based IAQ sensing equipment, and to evaluate the IAQ improvement effect of a bio-filter system. Methods: The IAQ of a subway station in Seoul was measured using IoT-based sensing equipment. A bio-filter system was installed after collecting the background concentrations for about five months. Based on the data collected over about 21 months, changes in indoor air quality and influencing factors were analyzed and the reduction effect of the bio-filter system was evaluated. Results: As a result of the analysis, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and CO₂ increased during rush hour according to the change in the number of passengers, and PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations were high when a PM warning/watch was issued. There was an effect of improving IAQ with the installation of the bio-filter system. The reduction rate of a new-bio-filter system with improved efficiency was higher than that of the existing bio-filter system. Factors affecting PM_2.5 in the subway station were the outdoor PM_2.5, platform PM_2.5, and the number of passengers. Conclusions: The IAQ in a subway station is affected by passengers, ventilation through the air supply and exhaust, and the spread of particulate matter generated by train operation. Based on these results, it is expected that IAQ can be efficiently improved if a bio-filter system with improved efficiency is developed in consideration of the factors affecting IAQ and proper placement.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.684-693
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose is to establish a safe facility environment from abnormal voltages such as lightning by developing a smart land resistance measuring device that can acquire real-time land resistance data using Arduino. Method: This paper studied design models and application cases by developing a land resistance acquisition and analysis system with Arduino and a power line communication (PLC) system. Some sites in the wind power generation complex in Gyeongsangnam-do were selected as test beds, and real-time land resistance data applied with new technologies were obtained. The electrode arrangement adopted a smart electrode arrangement using a combination of a Wenner four electrode arrangement and a Schlumberger electrode arrangement. Result: First, the characteristic of this technology is that the depth of smart multi-electrodes is organized differently to reduce the error range of the acquired data even in the stratigraphic structure with specificity between floors. Second, IT convergence technology was applied to enable real-time transmission and reception of information on land resistance data acquired from smart ground electrodes through the Internet of Things. Finally, it is possible to establish a regular management system and analyze big data accumulated in the server to check the trend of changes in various elements, and to model the optimal ground algorithm and ground system design for the IT convergence environment. Conclusion: This technology will reduce surge damage caused by lightning on urban infrastructure underlying the 4th industrial era and design an optimized ground system model to protect the safety and life of users. It is also expected to secure intellectual property rights of pure domestic technology to create jobs and revitalize our industry, which has been stagnant as a pandemic in the post-COVID-19 era.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Semiconductor Photo Resist (PR) automation equipment uses a mixture of several flammable substances, and when it leaks during the process, it can lead to various accidents, therefore, risk assessment is necessary. This study analyzed the frequency of leakage of Acetone and PGMEA used in PR automation equipment and the frequency at which such leakage could lead to a fire accident through the frequency analysis method, and evaluated the need for additional risk reduction measures in the current facility. Based on the process leak data and ignition probability data of IOGP, leak frequency analysis and ignition probability were derived, and the frequency of actual fire accidents was analyzed by combining them. The frequency of material leakage in semiconductor PR process is 7.30E-03/year, and fire accidents can occur by acetone that exists above the flash point when the material is leaked, the frequency was calculated at the level of 1.24E-05/year. According to the UK HSE, for a major accident occurring with a frequency of 1.24E-05/year, it is defined as "Broadly Acceptable", a level that does not require additional measures for risk reduction when it causes 7 or less deaths, and due to the process operated by two people, no additional risk reduction are required.