• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2016

Background: Extraction conditions greatly affect composition, as well as biological activity. Therefore, optimization is essential for maximum efficacy. Methods: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) was extracted under different conditions and antioxidant activity, extraction yield, and ginsenoside Rg1 and phenolic content evaluated. Optimized extraction conditions were suggested using response surface methodology for maximum antioxidant activity and extraction yield. Results: Analysis of KRG extraction conditions using response surface methodology showed a good fit of experimental data as demonstrated by regression analysis. Among extraction factors, such as extraction solvent and extraction time and temperature, ethanol concentration greatly affected antioxidant activity, extraction yield, and ginsenoside Rg1 and phenolic content. The optimal conditions for maximum antioxidant activity and extraction yield were an ethanol concentration of 48.8%, an extraction time 73.3 min, and an extraction temperature of $90^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activity and extraction yield under optimal conditions were 43.7% and 23.2% of dried KRG, respectively. Conclusion: Ethanol concentration is an important extraction factor for KRG antioxidant activity and extraction yield. Optimized extraction conditions provide useful economic advantages in KRG development for functional products.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was aimed to compare Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GBH) decoctions produced using different pressure levels for various extraction times to find the optimal extraction conditions through extraction yield, total soluble solids content (TSSC), hydrogen ion concentration (pH), and the contents of chemical compounds. Methods : Decoctions of GBH were prepared under the pressure levels of 0 or $1kgf/cm^2$ for 30-180 min using water as extraction solvent. The extraction yield, TSSC, and pH were measured, and the amounts of the chemical compounds were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Results : The higher pressure and longer extraction time increased the values of TSSC and extraction yield, while decreased the pH value. The decoctions produced in 180 min by pressurized method and produced in 150 min by non-pressurized method showed maximum values of extraction yield and TSSC with minimum value of pH. The amounts of chemical compounds showed variations in pressurized and non-pressurized decoction during overall extraction times. The influences of pressure and extraction time on extraction yield, TSSC, pH, and the contents of chemical compounds were confirmed by regression analysis, which showed that all extraction values were significantly affected by at least one of two extraction factors, pressure and extraction time. Conclusions : This study suggests that the pressure and extraction time can significantly affect the extraction efficiency of components from GBH decoctions. However, optimal extraction conditions could not be chosen due to the variation of the amounts of chemical compounds.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.409-416
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• 1999

Microwave extraction system equipped with closed vessels was applied to confirm its capability of extracting ginseng solubles including saponin, which was monitored to optimize extraction con ditions by response surface methodology. Total yield increased with the decrease in particles size and more extraction steps. Soluble components were completely extracted by operating the system within 6 min per one step, which should be repeated by 3 or 4 times. Optimized conditions for maxi mum extraction of response variables(total yield, crude saponin) were 40~50% of ethanol concentration, about 140oC of extraction temperature, and within 6 min of the extraction time. The extraction effi ciency of total yield was dependent on the decrease of ethanol concentration, while crude saponin content was favored on the higher degree of ethanol concentration. According to the temperature guideline, below 90oC of extraction temperature, the optimal ranges of extraction conditions were predicted as 30~50% of ethanol concentration and 2.5~6.5 min of extraction time. Estimated values of total yield and crude saponin were in good agreement with experimental values.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.453-456
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• 2002

Tonin(Persicae Semen) is the herb medicine that contains amygdalin as a major ingredient. Amygdalin in water is decomposed into benzaldehyde, HCN, and glucose by emulsin, a hydrolysis enzyme in tonin. A useful and practical method for the optimum extraction condition of amygdalin without enzymatic hydrolysis is required. The extraction yield of amygdalin of natural formula to nin was 0.1 % from crude powders, 1.4% from small pieces, 3.5% from half pieces and 2.4% from whole pieces. The extraction yield of amygdalin of outer shell-eliminated to nin was 0.3% from crude powders, 1.4% from small pieces, and 3.5% from half pieces and whole pieces respectively. The extraction yield of amygdalin was most high when using the size larger than half.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2013

Objectives: This study compared Gumiganghwal-tang (GGT) decoctions produced using different pressure levels for various extraction times to determine the optimal extraction conditions through hydrogen ion concentration (pH), total soluble solids content (TSSC), extraction yield, and content of chemical compounds. Methods: Decoctions were prepared by the pressure levels of 0 or $1kgf/cm^2$ for 30-180 min. The pH and TSSC were measured, the extraction yield was calculated, and the amounts of the chemical compounds were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The higher pressure and longer extraction time decreased the pH value, while those conditions increased TSSC and extraction yield: the decoction produced in 180 min by pressurized method showed the minimum value of pH, but maximum values of TSSC and extraction yield. The chemical compounds showed higher amounts in decoctions produced by non-pressurized methods than pressurized methods and their amounts were decreased over the peak extraction time in both pressurized and non-pressurized methods. The results of regression analysis confirmed the correlative influences of the pressure and extraction time on pH, TSSC, and extraction yield. Conclusions: This study suggests that pressure and extraction time influence the compositional constituents in GGT decoctions, and the non-pressurized method for 120 min should be chosen as the optimal extraction condition for the preparation of GGT decoction.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.325-329
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 항산화성분함량이 높다고 알려진 안젤리카를 이용하여 폴리페놀을 추출하고 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 추출과정을 최적화하였다. 반응표면분석법의 반응치로는 추출수율과 폴리페놀함량을 설정하였고, 추출공정의 계량인자로는 추출시간, 주정/초순수 부피비, 추출온도를 이용하였다. 추출수율과 폴리페놀함량 모두 계량인자의 주효과도와 교호효과도를 모두 고려하였을 때 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자는 추출시간이었다. 또한 반응표면분석 결과 안젤리카의 최적추출조건은 추출시간이 2.8 h, 주정/초순수 부피비 64.0 vol%, 추출온도 $56.6^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 이 조건의 추출수율은 24.6%, 폴리페놀함량은 8.76 mg GAE/g으로 산출되었다. 추출수율과 폴리페놀함량에 대한 회귀방정식의 결정계수 $R^2$은 각각 81.4%와 75.4%이었으며, 종합 만족도는 D = 0.80, 유의성은 5% 이내의 수준에서 인정되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2014

In this study, we investigate the effect of pretreatment method on lipid extraction from Enteromorpha intestinalis using physical, thermo-chemical, and enzymatic process such as ultrasonication, high temperature treatment, freezing, microwave irradiation, osmotic shock, pH shock, homogenizing, and enzymatic treatment. In pretreatment with separated lipid extraction, the high extraction yield was obtained by high temperature treatment ($121^{\circ}C$ for 5 min) with 0.1 N HCl, which is 1.4 times higher than that of control. In pretreatment with direct lipid extraction, the high extraction yields were obtained by 0.1 N HCl pretreatment, microwave irradiation (700W, 1 min with twice), and 10% NaCl pretreatment, which is 1.45 times higher than that of control. In the result of enzymatic pretreatment with 17 kinds of enzymes, Cellic CTec II showed the high extraction yield of 5.3%, and which is 1.9 times higher than that of control. Moreover, the extraction yield was increased by the increase of enzyme amounts. In 10% enzyme amount, about 5.8% yield was obtained.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1691-1696
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• 2010

감귤류는 다양한 기능성과 약효로써의 효능이 입증되면서 소비가 증가하고 있으나, 감귤 가공 후 부산물인 감귤박은 폐기물로써 해양에 투기되고 있어 부산물의 처리가 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 폐감귤박을 이용한 고감도 감미료의 생산 원료인 neohesperidin을 추출하여 폐감귤박을 효율적 이용을 도모하였으나 상당히 미비한 추출수율로 효율성이 감소하였다. 이러한 추출 수율의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 반응표면 분석법을 이용하여 감귤가공부산물로부터 neohesperidin의 추출 수율 증진 위한 추출조건의 최적화 연구를 수행하였다. 추출 조건 중 초임계 유체 추출의 수율 증진에 영향을 주는 추출 압력($x_1$), 추출 시간($x_2$), 보조용매의 농도($x_3$)를 주요 인자로 선정하였다. 선정한 인자를 반응표면 분석법에 적용하여 추출 수율의 최적조건을 탐색하였으며, 그 결과 추출압력이 증가하면서 추출의 수율은 크게 향상되었고, 또한 추출 시간이 길어질수록 추출 수율 또한 증가함을 확인하였다. 또한 초임계 이산화탄소에 ethanol을 보조용매로 첨가할 경우 보조용매의 농도가 높을수록 수율은 급격하게 증가하여, 최종적으로 162.22%까지 neohesperidin의 추출 수율을 증진할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.1351-1357
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• 2016

항효모 활성이 우수한 녹차씨로부터 천연 보존소재를 개발하기 위하여 추출 원료를 최적화하기 위한 녹차씨의 전처리 방법을 평가하였다. 과피 유무에 따른 녹차씨의 추출 결과 추출물의 항효모 활성은 같았으며, 추출 수율은 과피를 제거한 속씨에서 근소하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 건조에 따른 녹차씨의 수분 함량은 항효모 활성에는 영향을 주지 않았으나 추출 수율은 7.3% 수분 함량에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 분쇄 공정에 따른 녹차씨 추출물의 항효모 활성은 같았으나, 원료의 입도가 작은 믹서 분쇄 원료에서 추출 수율이 더 높게 나타났다. 녹차씨 오일을 추출한 부산물인 탈지 녹차씨를 추출하여 보존소재 원료로써 활용 가능성을 평가한 결과 항효모 활성은 녹차씨 추출물과 같았으며, 탈지 방법에 따라 수율은 다르게 나타나 헥산 추출 탈지 녹차씨보다 압착 탈지 녹차씨의 추출 수율이 더 높게 나타났다. 녹차씨의 전처리 방법 평가에 따라 천연 보존소재를 추출하기 위한 원료로서 과피가 포함된 녹차씨를 수분 함량 7.3%로 건조한 후 롤밀 분쇄하여 착유기로 오일을 추출한 탈지 녹차씨를 제조하였다. 탈지 녹차씨를 추출 용매에 따라 추출한 후 수율 및 항효모 활성을 조사한 결과 경제성이 높은 추출 용매는 물이 적합하였다. 추출 온도 및 시간에 따른 탈지 녹차씨의 추출결과 $90^{\circ}C$ 추출에서는 항효모 활성이 다소 불안정한 것으로 나타났다. 추출 수율과 항효모 활성의 안정성을 고려하여 물을 용매로 하였을 때 $50^{\circ}C$, 4시간 추출 조건이 적합할 것으로 생각된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.317-319
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• 2002

Exo-polygalacturonase (EPG) from Rhizopus sp. was applied to the extraction of alginic acid from sea mustard to increase extraction yield. EPG digestion was examined under distinct conditions within temperatures from $25^{\circ}C$ to 5$0^{\circ}C$, pH 5 to 9, and treatment times from 0 to 36 hr. The optimal conditions fur alginic acid extraction with EPG were: pH 7.0 at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs. The EPG hot water extraction yield was 3.4 times higher yield than hot water extraction alone. Using EPG to extract alginic acid from sea mustard should be considered a viable alternative to conventional extraction, with the advantage of reducing hazardous wastes such as strong acid and alkali solutions.