• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.290-299
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• 2013

This study included 198 patients who underwent prospectively electrocardiogram-triggered high-pitch spiral mode(FLASH mode) in cardiac CT for health check: 123 patients who underwent manual exposure control(Group A) and 75 patients who underwent automatic exposure control(Group B). Patients were classified according to BMI grades: Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4. Radiation dose, objective and subjective image quality between two groups were compared. In Group B, tube voltage were significantly decreased in all BMI grades. Both $CTDI_{vol}$ and effective dose were significantly reduced in the BMI Grade 1, 3, and 4 whereas they were slightly reduced in the Grade 2(p>0.05), SNR was significantly decreased in the Grade 1 and increased in the Grade 3(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the Grade 2, 4 between the two groups(p>0.05). CNR was significantly decreased in the Grade 1(p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the Grade 2, 3, 4 between the two groups(p>0.05). The subjective image quality showed no significant difference in all BMI Grades between the two groups(p>0.05). Automatic exposure control can lead to a significant reduction of radiation exposure dose without degradation of subjective image quality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

This study was conducted to suggest the new grassland grade system on evaluating the grassland status. The grassland status has been evaluated based on the forage yield (good, fair and poor) by municipal authorities. The grassland grades by current system were 19 good, 11 fair and 11 poor among the 41 grassland farms from 6 provinces. This evaluation result differed greatly from the result of actual measurement of forage yields which showed all poor. The big difference was resulted from failing the reflection of the various characteristics, such as different seasonal growth and harvest frequency. Furthermore, the lack of consistent examining date and method added the inaccuracy of current grassland grade system. The new grassland grade system based on the grassland vegetation ratio (grass, weed and bare soil) was initially designed into 6-grade system (1st; 100~80%, 2nd; 79~60%, 3rd; 59~40%, 4th; 39~20%; 5th; 19~1% and 6th; 0% on the basis of grasses proportion), but later was changed into 4-grade system (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades are 70% or more, 50% or more, 50% or less, and 0% of forage proportion, respectively) after reflecting the opinion of grassland farms and municipal authorities. Re-evaluation on the grassland status using the 4-grade system resulted in the total 80% consisted of 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade which means most grasslands needs the partial reseeding or the rehabilitation of entire grassland. Pictures and schematic diagrams depicting the 4-grade system were presented to improve the objectivity of evaluation. The optimal time for assessing grassland status is fall when plant height 20~30 cm. Conclusively, the 4-grade system is an efficient method for all non-professionals including grassland farms or municipal authorities in assessing the grassland status. To apply this system to the field, the institutional arrangements such as amendment of grassland act should take place in advance.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.133-139
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between color grade in Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation (KAPE) and instrumental color values ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, ${\Delta}C$ and H) in porcine longissimus dorsi muscle. A total of 538 pigs were selected to classify and to measure the instrumental color values from commercial public slaughter house. All of the instrumental color traits were decreased with increase of color grade (p<0.05). The color grade 1 group had the highest $L^*$ value (65.23) and the color grade 6 group had the lowest $L^*$ value (45.29) among the color grade groups (p<0.05). The color grade had the negative correlation with all the instrumental color traits (p<0.001) and the correlation coefficient between color grade and $L^*$ value was -0.83. In conclusion, instrumental color traits is highly related to color grade, and especially $L^*$ value is an important indicator for both porcine carcass grading and color grading systems in KAPE.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2014

Geological heritages can be defined conveniently as geological records worthy of conservation, and are represented in most cases by geological outcrops. So survey and evaluation of geologic outcrops are necessary for better conservation of geological heritages. As a measure to prevent potential destruction of geological heritages from various development projects, I propose construction of database based on survey and evaluation forms of geological outcrop, which can also be used for environmental impact assessment. The geological survey form consists of survey area, category, subcategory, location, dimension, geologic features, photo, description, and investigator. The evaluation form consists of evaluation category, detailed evaluation, comprehensive evaluation, and evaluation grade. The evaluation category is divided into academic aspect, education effect and landscape. The detailed evaluation items for academic aspects and education effect are representativeness, rarity, diversity and typicality, while those for geomorphology and landscape are peculiarity, aesthetics and naturalness. The evaluation grades are divided into five, where the first grade means a must of conservation.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.6 s.95
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• pp.773-780
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• 2004

In this paper, we measured the transmission characteristics of a MPEG2 and a DV that are typical stream-type traffics on the very high speed network and carried out the subjective evaluation of end users for these stream-types. In the subjective evaluation of these stream-type data, video quality evaluation is based on ITU-R BT.500-1 and audio qualify evaluation is based on ITU-R BS.1116-1. Also experiment method to acquire the subjective evaluation of end users is selected the 5 grades method of DSCQS. Under the same condition, in case of MPEG2, the evaluation grade of the video and the audio duality becomes deteriorated at the load rate of $54\%$ that network traffic increases rapidly. In case of DV the evaluation grade of video duality began decrease, but the degree of the change was slower than MPEG2 at the same load rate. Moreover the subjective evaluation grade of end users was superior to load rate $70\%$ in case of DV audio quality, traffic and QoS control that consider the subjective evaluation of end user is required. Conclusively, in case of MPEG2, we can perform traffic control that only use the actual measurement values on the network. However in case of DV, we can perform traffic control that the actual measurement values on the network and the subjective evaluation of end users are considered at the same time.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.441-452
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study quantitative risk grade assessment for objective government quality assurance activities based on risk management in initial mass production for weapon systems. Methods: The Defense quality management regulations and foreign risk assessment documents are referred to analyze problems performing quality assurance actives. The failure rate data, maintainability and cost of products have been studied to quantify the risk Likelihood and impact. The analyzed data were classified as risk grade assessment through K-means Cluster Analysis method. Results: Results show that a proposed method can objectively evaluate risk grade. The analyzed results are clustered into three levels such as high, middle and low. Two products are allocated high, eleven low and seven middle. Conclusion: In this paper, quantitative risk grade assessment methods were presented by analyzing risk ratings based on objective data. The findings showed that the methods would be effective for initial mass production for weapon systems.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 1993

The cytologic detection of endometrial carcinoma in Papanicolaou(Pap) smear according to histologic type, grade and stage was studied in 49 patients. The smears of patients who had histologically confirmed were retrospectively evaluated by the Bethesda System. The cytologic diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma was made in 61% (39/49) of patients, atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGCUS) in 16% (8/49) and within normal limits in 23% (11/49). The positive rate for AGCUS and carcinoma was correlated to the histologic type, grade and stage. The cytologic grade revealed a good correlation with histologic grade, too. In conclusion, the presence of cancer cells in Pap smear suggests the tumor in high grade and high stage. Additionally, cytologic detection of AGCUS or carcinoma needs a further diagnostic evaluation. The Pap smear is a valuable method to screen for endometrial carcinoma.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 1995

Urinary cytology has become an essential element in the diagnosis and management of transitional ceil carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary tract. It has the advantage of being noninvasive, inexpensive, and easily accessible. Besides that it can even detect malignancy when unsuspected at cystoscopy. We report a retrospective review of urine cytology un the diagnosis of 83 TCC cases that underwent 295 cytologic evaluation. All patients had biopsy-proven TCC of the bladder, ureter and renal pelvis, The overall incidence of the positive cytology cases was 66.2%. To define the cytologic features of tumor cells, we tried to use three cytologic gradings such as "grade 1", "grade 2", and "grade 3" according to the cytologic degree of anaplastic neoplastic cells. These cytologic gades of TCC were relatively well correlated with the histologic grade and tumor invasiveness. This result suggests that the recognition of characteristic cellular features of TCC can suspect the histologic grade and tumor stage. The false negative TCC cases were 78.9%. They showed severe inflammatory or bloody background and a few neoplastic cells. Therefore, a cautious approach for accurate interpretation, personal experience, and proper fixation and processing could expand the role of urinary cytology.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.3474-3490
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• 2021

Sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is the preferred technology of the generation-IV fast neutron reactor, and its core body mainly uses nuclear-grade 316 stainless steel. In order to prolong the design life of SFRs to 60 years and more, it is necessary to summarize and analyze the anti-corrosion effect of nuclear grade 316 stainless steel in high temperature sodium environment. The research on sodium corrosion of nuclear grade 316 stainless steel is mainly composed of several important factors, including the microstructure of stainless steel (ferrite layer, degradation layer, etc.), the trace chemical elements of stainless steel (Cr, Ni and Mo, etc) and liquid impurity elements in sodium (O, C and N, etc), carburization and mechanical properties of stainless steel, etc. Through summarizing and constructing the sodium corrosion rate equations of nuclear grade 316 stainless steel, the stainless steel loss of thickness can be predicted. By analyzing the effects of temperature, oxygen content in sodium and velocity of sodium on corrosion rate, the basis for establishing integrity evaluation standard of SFR core components with sodium corrosion is provided.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 1993

Assessment of root weight grade system for the numeral definition in Korea ginseng was tried by investigation of 13 boxes of the 15-root-grade of 4-year-old white ginseng as a model. In this case satisfaction to theoretical value was 58% in root weight and 50% in root number. The coefficient of variation (CV) was high (35%) for individual root weight in package. The CV of tap root weight 1 among package is low (7.1%) even though there was no significant correlation between tap root weight : and lateral root weight among roots. The mean percentage of tap root to root weight in each package ranged 61 to 74% with CV range of 16.5 to 33.2%. The CV was not much different between 1st and 2nd lateral root weight and the means was above 60%. Strict practice of numeral definition of root weight grade system will be prerequisite for chemical standardization of Korea ginseng.