• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2008

As multiplex available premises become more complex and diversified due to increasing social and individual demands, the evacuation safety gradually deteriorates exhibiting functional difficulties even in ordinary fires. Considering the limitations of passive evacuation systems such as evacuation stairs and corridors, an evacuation facility must be designed, installed, and maintained the way that it remains fully functional and efficient when fire breaks out. This study tries to identify the issues of evacuation facilities and devise how to improve them by investigating the evacuation facility efficiencies of multiplex available premises and conducting a survey on fire safety attitude.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.409-415
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• 2018

Recently, many countries around the world began to show interest in safety against terrorism, fire, and natural disasters. This study aimed to propose a quantitative measurement system for emergency evacuation and safety for various kinds of terrorism and fire within high-rise multi-purpose facilities, which can measure the pedestrians' ordinary walking patterns in the concourse with the highest pedestrian volume out of all the spaces within multi-story buildings, predict pedestrians' evacuation walking lines when a sudden disaster breaks out, and analyze the gait coefficient, occupant density, and evacuation behavior time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.21-26
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• 2007

The computer program is developed to simulate the evacauation time for a building which is made geometrically complex. The program is intended for use both as a search and a design tool to analyze the evacuation safety through a wide range of structure environments. The computer program has a function of importing FDS's result to each individual resident in the building. These attributes include a walking speed reduction by producing visibility reduction for each person on the fire. $A^*$ pathfinding algorithm is adopted to calculate the simulation of escape movement, overtaking, route deviation, and adjustments to individual speeds due to the proximity of crowd members. Finally, a case study for a theater is presented to compared the calculated evacuation time with SIMULEX in detail. This program contribute to a computer program that evaluates the evacuation time of individual occupants as they walk towards, and through the exits especially for building, underground spaces like a subway or tunnel.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.864-868
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• 2009

Fire safety management on any construction site should start with recognizing fire risks in the workplace, understanding the extent of the risks, and proper assessment of the controls necessary to reduce the risks. However, the most important step to prevent fire-related accidents on jobsites is the constant review and monitoring of processes and controls by all individuals involved. This study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of using computer simulation as an addition to maps or floor plans in safety training and management. Simulex was used on a real project to model various egress routes and to identify potential problem areas of the evacuation strategy. This study highlights the efficacy of simulated emergency evacuation as a training tool that visually shows constantly altering means of egress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.279-280
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• 2023

As buildings become taller and more complex, the number of high-rise and underground complex buildings is increasing, but risks are also increasing due to the limitations of existing evacuation safety methods. Through this study, we will analyze the fire and evacuation characteristics of high-rise and underground complex buildings, identify problems with the current evacuation safety method, and seek ways to improve them using digital technologies

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2020

This study analyzed the appropriate placement method by floor for evacuating all occupants during the nighttime through evacuation simulation. The analysis results are as follows. First, when non-self evacuating patients were placed on the first floor, 266 patients and 6 workers were found to be evacuated after 460 seconds. This result shows that it is meaningful to place non-self evacuating patients on the lower floor with a time that is faster than 540 seconds, which is an evaluation criterion set using life Safety standards for human. This result is a time faster than the evaluation criteria of 540 seconds, which is set using the life safety standards, and it can be confirmed that it is meaningful to place non-self evacuating patients on the lower floor. Next, as a result of placing non-self evacuating patients from the first floor to the fourth floor, it was found that evacuation of all occupants required 460 seconds for the first floor, 834 seconds for the second floor, 1,508 seconds for the third floor, and 1,915 seconds for the fourth floor. These results indicate that the placement of non-self evacuating patients on the rest of the floors, except for the first floor, can lead to dangerous results in excess of 540 seconds, which is a flashover time. As a result, it is necessary to place non-self evacuating patients on a lower floor for safe evacuation. The study has limitations except for comparative analysis of changes in evacuation time due to changes in the number of workers at eldery care hospitals and situations in which fire-fighting facilities such as sprinkler facilities operated. It is necessary to study the evacuation time linked to the operation of the fire-fighting facilities and the evacuation time according to the change in the number of workers in the future.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.210-218
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• 2018

In this study, a real-scale stairway model was constructed to analyze the evacuation safety of human life due to the change of flooded stair flow. In the experiment, the water depth and flow velocity at each stage of the stairs were measured and the specific force per unit width was calculated. Using the calculated the specific force per unit width, the evacuation safety of each steps of stairs according to the change of the flooded stair flow was presented. Finally, the depth of water measured by the experiment and the evacuation safety graph of "Ishigaki" by the specific force per unit width were combined to analyze the evacuation safety by depth. As a result, it has been found that evacuation of adult man is difficult without help at the flow depth of 0.20 m or more. And it has been found that evacuation of adult women and elderly men are difficult without help at the flow depth of 0.15 m or more. Finally, it has been found that evacuation of elderly women is difficult without help at depth of 0.13 m or more.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.444-449
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• 2001

There have been many accidents of passenger ships on the sea and they have caused a big loss of human lives. Maritime Safety Committee(MSC) of International Maritime Organization(IMO) made evacuation analysis of Ro-Ro passenger ships mandatory in order to save as many lives as possible at the time of accident. But this is a temporary regulation and HSC/IMO ties to introduce a performance-based regulation to improve the effect of regulation. Simulation-based evacuation analysis is the basis of performance-based regulation. In this paper, we performed a simulation-based evacuation analysis on a passenger ship, which is usually used in the plying between land and islands in Korea, with EXODUS system. Through inspecting the results from this analysis in more detail, we can make a proposal to improve the safety of passenger ship. Finally we describe the features of IMEX(Intelligent Model for Extrication Simulation), a new evacuation model being developed in KRISO.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2010

The residential comfort and safety on ship are more focused than ever, in accordance with the increase of the crews' onboard time and interest in cruiser sailing. To grasp the safety characteristics on ships against various scenarios of evacuations, this study performed experiments and simulations for the evacuation times on a training ship. Through the experiments, the average walking speed is 3.0m/s on 100% visibility, and 1.2m/s on 8% visibility, but the speeds go down 1.3m/s and 0.7m/s, respectively, when obstacles are happened without any previous notification. From the simulation, it is clearly reconfirmed that the worse visibility and many people make evacuation time comparatively longer. And unlike the common expectation of the effect of emergency announcement, the difference of evacuation times between cases of announcement and non-announcement is negligible on this study. From the survey after experiments, it is known that experiment participants feel unsafe and fear when the evacuation routes are longer in bad visible condition, even if they know the perfect evacuation route. And the survey results also show that the evacuees give more careful consideration to make a evacuation route decision under bad visibility.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2019

Today, building constructions are becoming larger, higher, deeper, and complex to improve quality of human life and meet various needs. As a result, new design space for non - typically standardized space has been created, and targets for performance-based design are also becoming increased. An evacuation safety evaluation of performance-based design should be compared with ASET and RSET estimation so that the value of RSET does not exceed the value of ASET. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to secure the safety with using the performance-based design evaluation method currently in use, especially in case of the underground parking lot, because it has wide compartment area and various routes for evacuation. Therefore, in order to overcome these problems, this paper first investigates the simulation setting method of the performance-based design that is currently in use, and then conducts two fire simulations and three evacuation simulations for underground parking lots each time, so performs the evacuation safety evaluationin total six cases of situations. Here this paper analyzes the problem with comparative evaluation research and suggests the better solution for improved evacuation safety evaluation of performance-based design.