• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.427-436
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial constituents from Daucus carota var. sativa (carrot) areal parts. For the extract and solvent fractions, the anti-inflammatory activities were examined by measuring the nitric oxide (NO) production using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Among them, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction decreased the NO level in a dose-dependent manner. To elucidate further anti-inflammatory mechanisms, EtOAc fraction was evaluated by estimating their effects on the production of prostaglandin $E_2$ and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). As a result, the EtOAc fraction was determined to inhibit the production of $PGE_2$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and reduce the iNOS, COX-2 protein expression. Upon the anti-bacterial tests using Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes, n-hexane (Hex) and EtOAc fractions showed the most potent activities. Three phytochemicals were isolated form the EtOAc fraction; diosmetin (1), diosmin (2), cynaroside (3). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on the spectroscopic data including $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra, as well as comparison of the data to the literatures. Anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects were studied for the isolates. All of the compounds (1 - 3) decreased the NO production, effectively. Also, compound 3 showed anti-bacterial activity on P. acnes. Based on these results, D. carota var. sativa extract could be potentially applicable as anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.810-815
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• 2006

The biological activities of Oenothera laciniata extracts were measured, including antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects. O. laciniata is an endemic species of Jeju Island, Korea with a seaside habitat. The concentration of total polyphenolic compounds from ethanol (EtOH), n-hexane, dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethylacetate (EtOAc), butanol (BuOH), and water fractions of O. laciniata was 63.96, 8.49, 28.11, 172.64, 114.56, and 34.91 mg/g, respectively. The EtOAc fraction contained the highest antioxidative activities ($IC_{50}$), measured as follows: 16.19 ${\mu}g/mL$ in DPPH radical scavenging capacity, 220.37 ${\mu}g/mL$ in xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, 42.07${\mu}g/mL$ in superoxide radical scavenging capacity, and 421.33 ${\mu}g/mL$ in nitric oxide scavenging capacity. The cytotoxicity of O. laciniata extracts was examined through their effect on the growth of HL-60 cells. Incubation of HL-60 cells with the EtOAc fraction resulted in the greatest inhibition of cell growth; high DNA fragmentation and numerous sub-G1 hypodiploid cells were observed in HL-60 cell cultures treated with the EtOAc fraction. These results suggest that the EtOAc fraction of O. laciniata has potent apoptotic and antioxidative activities in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated on antioxidative activity, antibacterial activity against pathogens of acne and tyrosinase inhibitory activity in 75% EtOH extract and its fractions from bark of Prunus sargen tii. The total polyphenol and flavonoidcontent of the EtOAc fraction were found to be 378.0 mg/g and 67.5 mg/g as the highest content. In the measurement of DPPH radical scavenging ability, EtOAc and BuOH fraction were exhibited stronger scavenging ability than the other fractions and 75% EtOH extract. In antibacterial activity by disc diffusion assay against pathogen of acne, antibacterial activity of the EtOAc fraction and 75% EtOH extract was stronger than the other fractions. Especially, the EtOAc fraction was the highest effective fraction in the antibacterial activity. Moreover, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of EtOAc fraction, BuOH fraction and 75% EtOH extract was higher than the other fractions. In particular, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the EtOAc fraction showed higher activity than ascorbic acid used as positive control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.739-744
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative activity and to identify the active components of hot-water extract of Paeoniajaponica (PJ), which was a main ingredient of a herb mixture preparation recently established as a potent candidate of radioprotector in our laboratory. The water extract was fractionated with CHCl$_3$, EtOAc and n-BuOH. The extract and its fractions showed very low activity in hydroxyl radical scavenging test. In lipid peroxidation test, the extract, EtOAc and water fractions showed moderate inhibition with the ratio above 50%. In DPPH radical scavenging test, the extract, EtOAc and water fraction showed high activity with the ratio above 80%, especially. EtOAc fraction scavenged the radicals as much as synthetic antioxidant (BHA), even at low concentration. It is suggested that mai or partition for antioxidative activity of Paeonia japonica was EtOAc fraction. Subsequently, two active compounds (PJE021-1 and JE024-1) from EtOAc fraction were isolated by using MCI gel and silica gel column chromatography The two compounds inhibited remarkedly the $H_2O$$_2$-induced DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, measured by single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). PJE021-1 protected the cells to almost negative control level, dose-dependently. PJE024-1 exhibited a potent inhibition with the ratio of 71% at even low concentration (0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$). Finally, their chemical structures were identified as gallic acid (PJE021-1) and (＋)-catechin (PJE024-1), respectively, on the basis of the speculation of spectral and physical data.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 2014

The mulberry (Morus alba L.) root barks were extracted with 80% aqueous methanol at room temperature. The concentrated extract was partitioned as ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions. From the EtOAc fraction, five triterpenoids were isolated through the repeated silica gel and octadecyl $SiO_2$ column chromatographies. According to the results of physico-chemical and spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared, the chemical structures of the triterpenoids were respectively determined as ${\alpha}$-amyrin (1), ${\alpha}$-acetyl amyrin (2), lupeol (3), betulinic acid (4), and glutinol (5). Compounds 1, 3, and 5 were isolated for the first time from the mulberry root bark.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.237-240
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• 2015

The flowers of Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH at room temperature. The concentrated extract was partitioned as EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions. From the EtOAc fraction, two triterpenoids and two sterols were isolated using the repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$) and octadecyl $SiO_2$ (ODS) column chromatographies. According to the results of physico-chemical and spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared. The chemical structures of the compounds were respectively determined as ursolic acid (1), corosolic acid (2), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (3), and daucosterol (4). All the compounds were isolated for the first time from the flowers of Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.155-158
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• 2016

The fruits of Prunus davidiana were extracted with 80 % aqueous methanol at room temperature. The concentrated extract was partitioned as ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butyl alcohol, and water fractions. From the EtOAc fraction, three triterpenoids were isolated through the repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$) and octadecyl $SiO_2$ column chromatographies. Based on physico-chemical and spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared, the compounds were identified to be ursolic acid (1), corosolic acid (2), and ${\alpha}-amyrin$ (3).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2007

To develop a new whitening agent for cosmetics from natural products, Pimpinella brachcarpa was selected for its inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. Crude ethanolic extract of P. brachycarpa and its four fractions-hexane, ethyl acetate(EtOAc), butanol and aqueous were evaluated for antioxidative effects and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To elucidate the mechanism of active compounds of P. brachycarpa, we investigated the changes in protein level of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 using Western blotting and the changes in mRNA level of tyrosinase using RT-PCR technique. Following UV irradiation, expression of ET-1 in HaCaT keratinocytes was measured by quantitative enzyme immunoassay(EIA) using human ET-1 antibody. Crude ethanolic extract of P. brachycarpa and its four fractions-hexane, EtOAc, butanol and aqueous had free radical scavenging effect by 87.2, 2.5, 97.2, 80.5, 49.8% at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ and tyrosinase inhibitory effect by 18.3, 15.1, 55.4, 13.1, 0 % at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$. P. brachycarpa EtOAc fraction significantly inhibited melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. Treatment with P. brachycarpa extract for 72 h suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 58 % at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$. Especially, the EtOAc fraction of P. brachycarpa reduced the tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase expression in B16 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1 were markedly reduced by the EtOAc fraction of P. brachycarpa. Moreover, at the concentrations of $12.5{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$ of the fraction, the production of UV-induced ET-1 in HaCaT keratinocytes(24 h after 8 $mJ/cm^2$ UVB irradiation) was reduced about 40%(p<0.05). P. brachycarpa could be used as a new natural skin-whitening agent due to the inhibitory effect of on melanin biosynthesis and endothelin-1 expression.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.442-451
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Prunus mume extracts. Prunus mume extracts have growth inhibitory activity to various microorganisms. Gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus leteus, Staphylococcus epidrimidis were more easily inhibited than Gram negative bacteria tested Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Yeasts by Prunus mume extracts. Among several fractions of methanol extract, EtOAc & BuOH fractions were showed strong antibacterial activities, but those fractions were not showed on fungi.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.707-711
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• 2006

Phase 2 enzymes are transcriptionally induced by a wide variety of chemical agents and natural products, and their induction plays a critical role in protection against chemical carcinogens and other toxic xenobiotics. The activity of the methanol extract and fractions of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) was examined in murine Hepa1c1c7 cells for the induction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) NAD(P)H/quinone reductase (QR). The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction induced QR activity in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range of 10 to $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ with a maximum of a 3.3-fold increase in induction. The EtOAc fraction also showed high QR induction potency in Ah-receptor-defective mutant of Hepa 1c1c7 cells ($BP^rcl$ cells), which indicates that this fraction is a monofunctional inducer of QR. These results suggest that useful cancer chemopreventive materials could be isolated from EtOAc fraction of Paprika.