• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2015

In this paper, a two-stage hybrid flow shop problem is considered. Specifically, there exist identical parallel machines at stage 1 and two dedicated machines at stage 2, and the objective of the problem is to minimize makespan. After being processed by any machine at stage 1, a job must be processed by a specific machine at stage 2 depending on the job type, and one type of jobs can have different processing times on each machine. First, we introduce the problem and establish complexity of several variations of the problem. For some special cases, we develop optimal polynomial time solution procedures. Then, we establish some simple lower bounds for the problem. In order to solve this NP-hard problem, three heuristics based on simple rules such as the Johnson's rule and the LPT (Longest Processing Time first) rule are developed. For each of the heuristics, we provide some theoretical analysis and find some worst case bound on relative error. Finally, we empirically evaluate the heuristics.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제4권1_2호
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• pp.55-65
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• 1989

Nevertheless the serious environmental pollution in Korea has been discussed in concern with health effect, the significant effect are not determined easily. Toxicological method has been used to establish safe levels of exposure for environmental pollutants to have threshold health effect below which significant effects are unlikely to occur. However the conventional method cannot to establish safe levels of exposure for non-threshold pollutants have been used to express comprehensive pollution degree, not in detailed toxic effects. Acceptable exposure or risk levels are decides by policymakers who consider descriptions and estimates of risks together with social and economic benefits. This paper focuses on the concept development of risk assessment and describes some risks of environmental pollution based on the surveyed date in Korea. The current concepts of risk assessment in policy descisions can be explored and areas for possible improvement, given current scientific knowledge are identified. The experience of foreign countries can provide a realistic basis for evaluating the existing data of environmental pollutants. To improve the environmental quality, risk regulation should be managed as soon as possible in Korea.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.57-60
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• 2002

Developed power off automatic stanch that keep floodgate upper stream water level changelessly for curtailment of operation by manpower and electricity lead-in equal early investment expense that manual system floodgate and electric motion floodgate have. Human strength does not need in floodgate operation as that power off automatic floodgate open and close floodgate automatically by buoyancy and also, another thing power does not need. Before establish floodgate, effect that get to waterway when behaves repair calculation of correct waterway and decide size of floodgate accordingly and establish floodgate must do examination analysis fussily. power off automatic floodgate night soil that get between countermeasure is the urgentest low-down in reply because can do mistake in operation by phenomenon and so on about water resources by different plate shape change through a model experiment examine closely need to.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제25권
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• pp.257-293
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• 1996

This paper reviews various aspects of authouity control system and presents prerequistes for an effective authority control in our future cooperative cataloging. It can be summarized as follows. First, numerous factors affecting authority control must be analyzed and consistent procedures and policies on the authority control have to be established. Second, to make an effective bibiographic data base there must be a standard for the information processing and a systematic organization for information sharing and communicating. Third, for this objective we have to build a MARC format, establish a network for the exchange of automatic authority records among systems, standardize the transcription of multscripts, and establish a centralized automatic authority system for a consistent maintenance of authorityrecords of the union data base. Fourth, it would be one of the best way of achieving cooperative cataloging to set up such a nation-wide authority control system as the NACO in Japan.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제25권
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• pp.225-256
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to find the ways that will be helpful to improve archival system and to establish National Archives. The contents of this study were focused on comparing the characteristics of archival system in governmental administration,: Executive, Legislature, and Judiciary. They were also focused on analyzing the problems of those current system. This research was basically conducted depending on the detailed articles of the legislation and regulation pertinent to the archives. Two major results of the research are 1) There are much differences among the governmental administrations in structuring and organizing for archival administrations. Archival works of government document are divided primarily according to the period of conservation and it is necessary to establish the regional archives and central management system, and to employ archivists as an expert staff. 2) The principles and methods of archival process, such as transferences, classifications, preservations, access, and destructions are similar to each other. In order to improve and co-ordinate current systems, it is necessary to constitute several councils endowed with consultative and decision-making power.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.293-303
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• 1997

The existence theorem for the operator valued function space integral has been studied, when the wave function was in $L_1(R)$ class and the potential energy function was represented as a double integra [4]. Johnson and Lapidus established the existence theorem for the operator valued function space integral, when the wave function was in $L_2(R)$ class and the potential energy function was represented as an integral involving a Borel measure [9]. In this paper, we establish the existence theorem for the operator valued function we establish the existence theorem for the operator valued function space integral as an operator from $L_1(R)$ to $L_\infty(R)$ for certain potential energy functions which involve double integrals with some Borel measures.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1451-1470
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• 2020

We are concerned with the following elliptic equations: $$\{(-{\Delta})^s_pu={\lambda}f(x,u)\;{\text{in {\Omega}}},\\u=0\;{\text{on {\mathbb{R}}^N{\backslash}{\Omega}},$$ where λ are real parameters, (-∆)^s_p is the fractional p-Laplacian operator, 0 < s < 1 < p < + ∞, sp < N, and f : Ω × ℝ → ℝ satisfies a Carathéodory condition. By applying abstract critical point results, we establish an estimate of the positive interval of the parameters λ for which our problem admits at least one or two nontrivial weak solutions when the nonlinearity f has the subcritical growth condition. In addition, under adequate conditions, we establish an apriori estimate in L^∞(Ω) of any possible weak solution by applying the bootstrap argument.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1152-1155
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• 2010

In order to establish an axenic (bacteria-free) culture of Microcystis aeruginosa NIER 10039 isolated from a Korean reservoir, the culture was subjected to sequential treatment, including ultrasonication, washing, and addition of antibiotics. Three broad-spectrum antibiotics, namely, kanamycin, ampicillin, and imipenem, were applied separately in that order. Axenicity of the culture was confirmed by cultivation on bacterial media and observation under epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopes. We are the first to establish an axenic culture of a Microcystis strain isolated from Korean reservoirs and can be used in physiological and molecular studies to control toxic Microcystis blooms.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2020

Objectives : Classical texts such as 『Donguibogam』 and 『Yixuerumen』 have previously been used as primers to students of Korean Medicine. However, their massiveness in volume and comprehensiveness in contents make it unfit for students whose school curriculum lacked classical chinese. This paper suggests another introductory text that would be more practical in the current situation. Methods :Based on the translation of the main text and annotations, the clinical meanings of the contents were studied. Afterwards its practical application as a primer was considered. Results : The text focuses on the medically important issues in simple and accessible form, making it an important text for beginners to establish the foundation in medicine. Conclusions : Beginners will be able to establish a standard for basic medical knowledge through this text and also apply its contents to diseases that are relatively easy to treat.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.687-704
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• 2017

Using a simple formula for conditional expectations over an analogue of Wiener space, we calculate a generalized analytic conditional Fourier-Feynman transform and convolution product of generalized cylinder functions which play important roles in Feynman integration theories and quantum mechanics. We then investigate their relationships, that is, the conditional Fourier-Feynman transform of the convolution product can be expressed in terms of the product of the conditional FourierFeynman transforms of each function. Finally we establish change of scale formulas for the generalized analytic conditional Fourier-Feynman transform and the conditional convolution product. In this evaluation formulas and change of scale formulas we use multivariate normal distributions so that the orthonormalization process of projection vectors which are essential to establish the conditional expectations, can be removed in the existing conditional Fourier-Feynman transforms, conditional convolution products and change of scale formulas.