• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1590-1595
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• 2009

Alternative methods for controlling bacterial endospore contamination are desired in a range of industries and applications. Attention has recently turned to natural products, such as essential oils, which have sporicidal activity. In this study, a selection of essential oils was investigated to identify those with activity against Bacillus subtilis spores. Spores were exposed to 13 essential oils, and surviving spores were enumerated. Cardamom, tea tree, and juniper leaf oils were the most effective, reducing the number of viable spores by 3 logs at concentrations above 1%. Sporicidal activity was enhanced at high temperatures ($60^{\circ}C$) or longer exposure times (up to 1 week). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified the components of the active essential oils. However, none of the major oil components exhibited equivalent activity to the whole oils. The fact that oil components, either alone or in combination, did not show the same level of sporicidal activity as the complete oils suggested that minor components may be involved, or that these act synergistically with major components. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine spores after exposure to essential oils and suggested that leakage of spore contents was the likely mode of sporicidal action. Our data have shown that essential oils exert sporicidal activity and may be useful in applications where bacterial spore reduction is desired.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2019

현 안드로이드 스마트 폰에는 통신사, 구글, 제조사들에 의해 제공되는 스마트폰 자체의 기능 및 운영과 관련된 약 25개~35개의 필수앱(삭제불가)과 30개 정도의 선택앱(삭제가능)들이 선탑재 되어있다. 이 앱들은 2014년 1월 정부로부터 스마트폰 앱 선탑재 가이드가 발표되기 이전에는 삭제할 수 없어 새로운 앱들을 설치하는데 메모리에 제한이 있었으며, 해당 앱들의 자동 업데이트 과정에서 데이터를 소모시켜 소비자의 불만을 발생시켰다. 발표 이후에는 선택앱들은 삭제할 수 있도록 하였으나 여전히 데이터 소모에 대한 불만은 사라지지 않아 선탑재 앱 구성에 대한 개선 논쟁은 계속되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 현재 통신사들의 앱 선탑재가 어떻게 운영되고 있으며, 선탑재된 앱들 중 소비자들은 어떤 앱을 선호하고 있으며, 몇 개를 원하는지 등의 행태정보를 데이터와 소비자 조사를 통해 분석하였다. 이를 통해 소비자 니즈에 맞는 스마트폰 선탑재 앱 구성방안에 대해 제안하였다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.304-317
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• 2011

1. Objectives: Aromatherapy is one of the alternative medical treatments by flavors of essential oils extracted from plants. This study was to investigate the classification of aroma essential oils by Sasang Constitution for clinical applications. 2. Methods: 1) We searched scientific name of aroma essential oils and scientific name of herbs, classify aroma essential oils according to Sasang Constitution. 2) If the method 1) is impossible, sort them by regard of aroma essential oils' flavors, specific characters and efficacies. 3. Results: Aroma essential oils suitable for Soeumin are 27 kinds, for Soyangin and Taeeumin are each 16 kinds, and for Taeyangin are 5 kinds.(Duplicates are allowed.) The cases which can not be classified clearly, are 10 kinds, so they are able to consider the Constitution of the more than two-phase. 4. Conclusions: Most of aromatic herbs are warm and spicy by pre-reports. So, aroma essential oils suitable for Soeumin are most often. After this study, studies about Sasang Constitutional herb recipes and more clinical studies are needed.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.701-716
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• 2021

In this present article, we construct a new framework that's we call the weighted geometric realization of 2 and 3-simplexes. On this new weighted framework, we construct a nonself-adjoint 2-simplex Laplacian L and a self-adjoint 2-simplex Laplacian N. We propose general conditions to ensure sectoriality for our new nonself-adjoint 2-simplex Laplacian L. We show the relation between the essential spectra of L and N. Finally, we prove the absence of the essential spectrum for our 2-simplex Laplacians L and N.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2016

As information technology advances rapidly, various smart devices are becoming an essential element in our lives. Smart devices are providing services to users through applications up on the operating system. Operating systems have a variety of rules, such as scheduling applications and controlling hardwares. Among those rules, it is significant to protect private information in the information-oriented society. Therefore, isolation task, that makes certain memory space separated for each application, should highly be guaranteed. However, modern operating system offers the function to access the memory space from other applications for the sake of debugging. If this ability is misused, private information can be leaked or modified. Even though the access authority to memory is strictly managed, there exist cases found exploited. In this paper, we analyze the problems of the function provided in the Android environment that is the most popular and opened operating system. Also, we discuss how to avoid such kind of problems and verify with experiments.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2010

The automotive industry tries to provide infotainment systems to emerging automobiles. Since the infotainment systems require various peripheral devices and network connectivity, legacy operating systems such as Linux and Windows can be much preferred due to its plentiful device drivers and multimedia applications while the operating systems following OSEK standard are used for automotive electronic control units. Thus it is highly desired that the system software supporting infotainment applications can be portable over different legacy operating systems providing unified programming interfaces. The majority of legacy operating systems support POSIX interfaces for application development. MOST is an automotive network standard for infotainment systems. Network Service defines the protocol stacks for MOST control data, which is essential to implement infotainment applications over MOST. In this paper, we suggest a POSIX-based Network Service so that we can utilize legacy device drivers and applications for automotive infotainment systems. We measure the performance of the POSIX-based Network Service and show that its overhead is not significant.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.127-133
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• 1996

The development of high resolution capillary columns and a large variety of different detectors led to a strong position of gas chromatography in instrumental analysis. Every effort has been made to solve sophisticated separation problems by column switching. Nowadays, several systems are commercially available for this purpose. The principle and the capabilities of multidimensional gas chromatography(MDGC) are illustrated by different applications in the field of modern flavor and essential oil research.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2013

Infection control is critical to good dental practice. To this end, it is essential that the practitioner not only understand the concepts involved in the development and applications of antimicrobial(physical and chemical) agents but also know how to use them properly in the dental operatory. Practical applications of infection control are more fully described in several of the suggested references.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2013

Rare-earth manganites have a great potential for environmental applications based on their chemical and physical properties. The use of rare-earth manganites as catalysts for environmentally essential reactions was reviewed. Artificial neural networks were used to assess the catalytic activity in oxidation reactions. Relative catalytic activities of the catalysts were further discussed. We concluded that cerium manganite is the most practicable catalyst for technological purposes.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.213-236
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• 2011

Mobile devices are widely accepted as a convenient machine which provides computing capability as well we cell phone capability. Because of limited resources on mobile devices, complex applications could not be deployed on the devices. Service-based mobile applications (SMAs) can provide a solution to overcome the limitation by subscribing cloud services. Since SMAs have complex structures than standalone applications, it is challenging to develop high quality SMAs, to manage both services and mobile applications, and to implement automated billing for subscribed services. Therefore, there is a great demand for a platform for super mobile computing, which supports all key activities in managing life cycle of SMAs. In this paper, we present technical aspects of a platform which is under development; Super Mobile Autonomous Reliable plaTform (SMART). We believe that it provides a number of practical features which are essential in supporting life-cycle of SMAs; development, deployment, management, and operation.