• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.571-581
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• 2020

In this paper, an equilibrium problems involving a finite family of maximal monotone operators and inverse-strongly monotone operators are introduced and investigated. A strong convergence theorem of common solutions is obtained in Hilbert spaces.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.147-175
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• 2006

One of the biggest problems of Korean economy is polarization of firms for export and domestic demand and that of conglomerates and SME's achievement. One of the culprits lies weakness of intermediate industry such as machine tool. Since intermediate industry is important path where export performance affects domestic demand and whose actor usually is SMEs with high spill over effect in labor market. Especially, intermediate industry Is vulnerable because of industrial policy biased In backward linkage effect. However if a country fails to develop intermediate industry above some critical point, that country would fall in low-tech equilibrium without growth. In case of benign circle where final goods industry growth leads growth of intermediate industry and again it leads that of final goods industry, it can reach high-tech equilibrium. By contrast, in opposite case where in industrialization latecomer fails to link industries likewise above some critical point that country would fall in low-tech equilibrium without growth. Moreover, for several reasons, machine tool firms of Korea have difficulty in catching up technology above critical point. Firstly. Conglomerate demander neglects their product. Secondly, even after success of development overcoming difficulties they fail to get market share for response of dumping of foreign competitors. And the last one is patent litigation of foreign competitors that incapacitate the technology development. For these, Korean machine tool firms fell in 'middle-income country trap' itself, since they stuck in some extent when they technologically catch up. Consequently, for latecomer country in machine tool industry to leapfrog meaningfully policy support is necessary, Weak intermediate industry does not Induce domestic firms and remained fragile. Therefore, localization, policy should reflect condition of technological catch up more than before, in order to be effective and fruitful. There should be turning point over relationship between conglomerates, major demander of machine tool and SME's, for only with active purchasing of conglomerate Korean machine industry can grow.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.159-164
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• 1967

균일계수 산화환원 적정에 있어서의 전위의 적정분율에 따른 변화을 나타내는 정확한 방정식을 얻었다. 이 방정식은 정정곡선이 시약의 농도에 무관계함을 알려준다. 또한 전위차적정범위 종말점의 예민도는 반전지의 기준전위의 차는 몰론, 각 반반응에 관여하는 전자수에 따라 심한 영향을 받음을 알려준다. 적정곡선의 변곡점이 당량점과 일치하지 않음을 증명하였다. 또한 적정단계에 따른 반응의 완결도를 평형상수식을 토대로 하여 해석하였다. 이 결과는 산화환원 이외의 평형에도 적용된다.

• 경영과학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.119-133
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• 2001

It is important to find the equilibrium level of real interest rate for it affects real and financial sector of economy. However, it is difficult to find the equilibrium level because like the most macroeconomic model the real interest model has parameter instability problem caused by structural change and it is supported by various theories and definitions. Hence, in order to cover these problems structural change detection model of real interest rate is developed to combine the real interest rate equilibrium model and the procedure to detect structural change points. 3 equations are established to find various effects of other interest-related macroeconomic variables and from each equation, structural changes are found. Those structural change points are consistent with common expectation. Oil Crisis (December, 1987), the starting point of Economic Stabilization Policy (January, 1982), the starting point of capital liberalization (January, 1988), the starting and finishing points of Interest deregulation (January, 1992 and December, 1994), Foreign Exchange Crisis (December, 1977) are detected as important points. From the equation of fisher and real effects, real interest rate level is estimated as 4.09% (October, 1988) and dependent on the underlying model, it is estimated as 0%∼13.56% (October, 1988), so it varies so much. It is expected that this result is connected to the large scale simultaneous equations to detect the parameter instability in real time, so induces the flexible economic policies.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1530-1541
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• 2013

The coexistence and extinction of species are important concepts for biological systems and can be distinguished by an investigation of stability. When determining local stability of nonlinear systems, Lyapunov indirect method based on the Jacobian linearization has been widely employed due to its simplicity. Despite such popularity, it is not applicable to singular systems whose Jacobian has at least one eigenvalue that is equal to zero. In such singular cases, an appropriate Lyapunov function should be sought to determine the stability of systems, which is rather difficult and quite involved. In this paper, we seek for a simple criterion to determine stability of the equilibrium that is located at the boundary of the positive orthant, when one of eigenvalues of the Jacobian is zero. The goal of the paper is to present a generalized condition for the equilibrium to attract all trajectories that starting from initial condition in the positive orthant and near the equilibrium. Unlike the Lyapunov direct method, the proposed method requires just a simple algebraic computation for checking the stability of the critical point. Our approach is applied to various biological systems to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 에너지공학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.308-314
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• 1993

15mbar 정합하에서 n.dodecane-1.decanol-1.dodecanol 혼합물의 삼성분계 및 각 이성분계의 기액평형 데이타와 비점을 측정하였다. 측정된 기액평형 데이타는 g$^{E}$ 모델식 인 Margules, van Laar, Wilson, NRTL, UNIQA 식에 의해 상관관계를 알아보았다. 이성분계 데이타는 Redlich-Kister의 적분법에 의해 열역학적으로 검토하였으며, 삼성분계 데이터 역시 McDermott-Ellis에 의한 two-point consistency test에 의해 질적으로 검토되었다. 이성분계의 기액평형 데이타 중에 n.dodecane-1.decanol계 만이 공비점을 보였다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.883-899
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• 2003

In this paper, we will introduce the general concepts of generalized multiobjective game, generalized weight Nash equilibria and generalized Pareto equilibria. Next using the fixed point theorems due to Idzik [5] and Kim-Tan [6] , we shall prove the existence theorems of generalized weight Nash equilibria under general hypotheses. And as applications of generalized weight Nash equilibria, we shall prove the existence of generalized Pareto equilibria in non-compact generalized multiobjective game.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.932-944
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• 1998

In this paper we first prove a new minimum theorem using the upper semicontinuity of minimizing functions, which is comparable to Berge's theorem. Next, as applications, we shall prove the existence of equilibrium in generalized games and the existence theorem of zeros.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.1251-1254
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• 2012

Pure-strategy Nash Equilibrium (NE) is one of the most important concepts in game theory. Tae-Hwan Yoon and O-Hun Kwon gave a "sufficient condition" for the existence of pure-strategy NEs in matrix games [5]. They also claimed that the condition was necessary for the existence of pure-strategy NEs in undominated matrix games. In this short note, we show that these claims are not true by giving two examples.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제3A권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2003

This paper presents a schematic process based on the method of eliminating dominated strategies to obtain the optimal bidding strategy Pursuing the Nash equilibrium Point. The Proposed approach is demonstrated for a bidding game in a generation competitive market with 2-dimensional bidding strategy vectors constituting a price-quantity strategy curve.