• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.857-863
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity, Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, nitrate synthesis inhibitory activity, and antiproliferation inhibitory effect on ethanol extract and its solvent fractions of $Coreopsis$ $tinctoria$ Nutt. Ethyl acetate fraction was the strongest at 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) ($IC_{50}=0.100mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and 2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenozothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (15.785 mg AA $eq{\cdot}10mg^{-1}$) radical scavenging activity, ACE (40.96% at $1mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase ($IC_{50}=0.125mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) inhibitory effect among the solvent fractions. Nitrate synthesis inhibitory activity of ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction effectively inhibited NO formation in a dose-dependent manner without the cytotoxic effect. Ethanol extract and its solvent fractions inhibited growth of HCT-116 colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. n-Hexane fraction showed the highest antiproliferation inhibitory effect of $0.041mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ among fractions.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.435-441
• /
• 1998

We examined effects of interleukin $1{\alpha}$ ($IL1{\alpha}$) and phorbol 12, 13 dibutyrate (PDB), an activator of protein kinase C, on mRNA for Prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) and prostanoid production in cultured ovine meningeal fibroblasts. Immuno- and morphologically-identified fibroblasts were derived from cerebral cortex and white matter from fetal lambs (approximately 120 days gestation) and grown to confluence on glass coverslips in 12 well plates. Levels of prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ and the stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin (i.e., $6-keto-PGF_{1{\alpha}}$) were determined using enzyme immunoassay. Relative amounts of mRNA were determined by in situ hybridization using ovine cDNA for PGHS1. $IL1{\alpha}$ (10 ng/ml) increased mRNA levels over baseline by $62{\pm}19%$ (p＜0.05) at 60 min., $37{\pm}12%$ (NS) at 120 min., and $36{\pm}18%$ (NS) at 240 min (n=12). Levels of $6-keto-PGF_{1{\alpha}}$ were $148{\pm}18%$ pg/ml during baseline, $246{\pm}41%$ pg/ml at 60 min., $248{\pm}40%$ pg/ml at 120 min., and $259{\pm}62%$ pg/ml at 240 min (all p＜0.05) (n=12). $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ was increased although it wasn't statistically significant. However, $IL1{\alpha}$ decreased $PGE_2$ level significantly (all p＜0.05). PDB $(10^{-6}M)$ increased mRNA levels over baseline by $25{\pm}6%$ after 30 min., $40{\pm}6%$ after 60 min., and $20{\pm}8%$ after 90 min. (n=9) (all p＜0.05). Levels of $6-keto-PGF_{1{\alpha}}$ were $200{\pm}43%$ pg/ml during baseline, $202{\pm}43%$ pg/ml after 30 min. (NS), $268{\pm}58%$ pg/ml after 60 min. (p＜0.05), and $296{\pm}60%$ pg/ml after 90 min. (p＜0.05) (n=9). Levels of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ were $178{\pm}26%$ pg/ml during baseline, $300{\pm}30%$ pg/ml after 30 min., $299{\pm}35%$ pg/ml after 60 min., and $355{\pm}32%$ pg/ml after 90 min (all p＜0.05) (n=6). Actinomycin-D (1 mg/ml) prevented increases in mRNA, $6-keto-PGF_{1{\alpha}}$, and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ at 60 min. for both $IL1{\alpha}$ and PDB. We conclude that cerebral fibroblasts are avid producers of prostanoids, and that enhanced production of PGHS is responsible for augmented $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and prostacyclin production in the presence of an activator of protein kinase C and for decreased $PGE_2$ and increased prostacyclin production in the presence of $IL1{\alpha}$.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.783-789
• /
• 2017

Malus melliana (Hand.-Mazz.) Rehder (M. melliana) is a Chinese plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family. There have been no previous reports regarding its bioactivity. In this study, the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of M. melliana ethanol extract (MMEE) were evaluated using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity assay, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity assay, and the analysis of related protein expressions through Western blot hybridization. MMEE showed potent scavenging activity against DPPH, similar to ascorbic acid, a well-known anti-oxidative agent, which was used as a positive control. MMEE also inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, MMEE induced the expression of an anti-oxidative enzyme, heme oxygenase 1, and its upstream transcription factor, nuclear factor E2-related factor-2, in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, MMEE was associated with a reduction in NO production, which was induced by the lipopolysaccharide treatment of RAW 264.7 cells. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, which is the upstream regulator of NO production, was also inhibited. Taken together, these results suggest that MMEE has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, thus appearing to be a potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The further identification of active compounds that confer the biological activities of MMEE may be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 1998

We have screened total 32 herbal drugs to find the highest activity against human cariogenic enzyme, glucosyltransferase (GTase) from the extracts of Magnoliae bark. The extracts were separated into three phases, i. e. water, n-butanol and ethylacetate according to their solvent polarity. Among them, ethylacetate fraction had approximately more than 70% of total activities, and the active principle was further isolated by prep. HPLC following silicagel column chromatography to yield single compound as white powder. The chemical structure of the compound was finally elucidated to be 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxylignan from the spectral data of FAB-MS. $^1H-\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$ spectrometries. The compound was also shown to have relatively strong antibacterial activity against ten types of cariogenic oral bacteria and one kind of Actinomyces sp.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.613-625
• /
• 2006

Periodontal ligament(PDL) cells and human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs) play important roles in development, regeneration, normal function, and pathologic alteration. PDL cells and HGFs have the similarity related with general characteristics of fibroblast such as spindle shaped morphology, the presence of vimentin intermediate filament and the synthesis of interstitial collagens and fibronectin. There were many studies about the differences between PDL cells and HGFs, but they were not about whole gene level. In this study, we tried to explain the differences of gene expression profiles between PDL cells and HGFs, and the differences among three individuals by screening gene expression patterns of PDL cells and HGFs, using cDNA microarray. Although there were some variants among three experiments, a set of genes were consistentely and differentially expressed in one cell type. Among 3,063 genes, 49 genes were more highly expressed in PDL cells and 12 genes were more highly expressed in HGFs. The genes related with cell structure and motility were expressed more highly in PDL cells. These are cofilin 1, proteoglycan 1 secretory granule, collagen type I(${\alpha}$ 1), adducin gamma subunit, collagen type III(${\alpha}$ 1), fibronectin, lumican(keratan sulfate proteoglycan), and ${\alpha}$ -smooth muscle actin. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase known as the enzyme controlling extracellular matrix with matrix metalloproteinase is more highly expressed in PDL cells, osteoprotegerin known as osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor is more highly expressed in HGFs. We performed northern blot to verify cDNA microarray results on selected genes such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, fibronectin, osteoprogeterin. The result of northern blot analysis showed that each cell expressed the genes in similar pattern with cDNA microarray result. This result indicates that cDNA microarray is a reliable method in screening of gene expression profiles.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2014

We have investigated the combined pretreatment of electron beam irradiation (EBI) and water steam as a kenaf core pretreatment process. After each sample was exposed to electron beam dose ranging from 50 to 1,000 kGy, the irradiated sample was treated by water steam using an autoclave for 5-h at $120^{\circ}C$. The pretreated samples were characterized using FTIR-ATR and XRD. FTIR spectra and XRD analysis of nonpretreated and pretreated samples confirm that crystallinity changes were observed before and after the pretreatment. The crystallinity index (CrI) was increased from 50.6% for nonpretreated sample 55.0% for 500 kGy exposed sample. And then, we analyzed sugar yield that is the amount of produced mono-saccharides in pretreated sample by enzymatic hydrolysis; an enzyme activity rate was 70 FPU/mL and 40 CBU/mL, and the loading time was 24, 48 and 72-h. The highest sugar yield was 83.9% at 500 kGy after 72-h for enzymatic hydrolysis. The sugar yield of enzymatic hydrolysis for pretreatment samples was increased as doses are subsequently changed to 100, 200 and 300 kGy, allowing to give 50.8%, 58.6% and 67.9%, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.246-253
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted prepare spray-dried powder using pumpkin sweet potato hydrolysates and examine the physicochemical properties of the powder. The insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber of the pumpkin sweet potato treated by enzyme were 4.17% and 2.07%, respectively. The spray-dried pumpkin sweet potato hydrolysates was manufactured via spray-drying with different forming agents: i.e., pectin 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2.0%. The moisture contents and total starches of the spray-dried powders were approximately 1.68-2.46 and 45.32-46.51%, respectively. The color of the L and a value decreased, and that of the b and ${\Delta}E$ value increased. The particle size and outer topology of the spray-dried powders were $37.17-42.32{\mu}m$, and its shape was generally globular. The water absorption index of the spray-dried powder (1.74-1.91) was lower than that of the freeze-dried powder (2.15). The water solubility index of the spray-dried powder, 80.75-87.61%, was higher than that of the freeze-dried powder (70.47%). The adhesion values of spray-dried powder to epithelial HT-29 cells were 2.66-6.18% of the initial cell counts, whereas freeze-dried powder showed lower adhesive ability (1.79%). The in vitro human digestibility in the spray-dried powder was 70.09% which is very effective in digestion.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.297-303
• /
• 2017

In central and southern Korea, the two small insectivorous, terrestrial herbs, Utricularia bifida and U. caerulea, often co-occur at wet locations (or in wetlands). The Korean Peninsula (with central China and northern Japan) constitutes the northern edge of their distribution, as their main range is subtropical and tropical Asia. The Korean populations of both species are very likely of post-glacial origin, given that warm-temperate vegetation was absent from the Korean Peninsula during the Last Glacial Maximum. Two hypotheses of the post-glacial colonization of the peninsula can be formulated; first, if current populations were founded by propagules coming from a single ancestral population (i.e., a single refugium), we would expect low levels of genetic diversity. Alternatively, if contemporary Korean populations originated from multiple sources (multiple refugia), we would expect high levels of genetic variation. To test which is more likely, we surveyed the degree of allozyme variation at 20 loci in ten populations for each of the two species from southern Korea. We found no allozyme variation within each species. However, their aquatic congener U. australis exhibited allozyme polymorphism across Japan (four polymorphic loci at three enzyme systems). We suggest that southern Korean populations of Utricularia bifida and U. caerulea were established by a single introduction event from a genetically depauperate ancestral population.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.373-390
• /
• 1998

35 theses conducted in Korea on the topic of senescence or anti-oxidant were classified on the basis of research methods, animals used for the experiments, and research items. Evaluating these research works with respect to the Free Radical Theory, the following conclusions were reached. 1. Of the 17 theses written in the Oriental medicine aspect, three theses used a single herb, nine theses used a complex prescription, four theses concentrated on the usage of the medicinal acupuncture, and one research paper focused on using scientific components. Common objection of these papers were on the verification of the efficacy of herbs. 2. Of the 18 these written in the Western medicine aspect, five theses used a single drug, seven theses conducted a research on the changes due to senescence, and 6 papers were on variety of topics. The main focus of these works were on the mechanism and pathology related to the senescence rather than on the suppression of senescence. 3. Among the theses written in the Oriental medicine perspective, a total of 48 herbs were utilized. 26 of these herbs has a tonification function on the Kidney. Six out of nine complex prescription mentioned above has a function of tonifying the Kidney. 4. With respect to the research subjects used on the experiments, 8 theses have used Senescence-Accelerated mice, 13 theses have used Sprague-Dawley mice, and remaining 7 papers have used human or other animals. 5. These are the categorization of the research items used: the weight (11) and weight changes of the visceral organs (9), the measurement of the content of peroxide-disease (9), the measurement of enzyme vitality (21), the blood and urine test (10), the experiment concerning immune system (3), the influence on the hepatic capability of metabolizing foreign substance (3), the effect on hepatic cell protection (3), the measurement of both the suppression of Free Radical and ability to create Free Radical (2), the measurement of effect of suppresing MDA(malondialdehyde) (4), the effect of eliminating DPPH Radical (2), and experiements about the functions (2). 6. The rate of vitalization of well known anti-oxidants such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Protein-bound SH, Nonprotein-bound SH, Glutathione(GSH), Catalase, and etc. were tested in 17 theses. Considering the conclusions mentioned above, the theses related to the senescence published in Korea elected different animals used for experiments, research items and the methods of research, the end result seems to be a lack of objectivity. Thus, I would argue that research methods to overcome such a deficiency need to be developed systematically.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.402-406
• /
• 2014

Six kinds of newly recorded yeasts such as Rhodosporidium diobovatum SY4-2, Cryptococcus bestiolae SY7-1, Kazachstania unispora SY14-1, Kazachstania servazzii SY14-3, Pichia holstii SY20-2 and Cryptococcus tephrensis SY26-1 were screened from sixty one yeasts derived from wild flowers found in Seonyudo, Gogunsanyeoldo, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. All of them grew in 50% glucose-containing yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) broth and Pichia holstii SY20-2 was also halophile, growing in 20% NaCl-containing YPD broth. All of them, except Cryptococcus tephrensis SY26-1, were assimilated to glucose. Cell-free extract from Kazachstania servazzii SY14-3 showed the highest 98.6% of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity and maximal production of the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor was obtained with 24h incubation at $30^{\circ}C$. The antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of the unrecorded yeasts were showed 58.6-80.4% in their supernatants.