• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient scheduling scheme for real-time periodic tasks on a heterogeneous Grid computing system. The Grid system consists of heterogeneous processors providing the DVFS mechanism with a finite set of discrete clock frequencies. In order to save energy consumption, the proposed scheduling scheme assigns each real-time task to a processor with the least energy increment. Also the scheme activates a part of all available processors with unused processors powered off. Evaluation shows that the proposed scheme saves up to 70% energy consumption of the previous method.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2014

Exploiting the energy-delay tradeoff for energy saving is critical for developing green wireless communication systems. In this paper, we investigate the delay-constrained energy-efficient packet transmission. We aim to minimize the energy consumption of multiple randomly arrived packets in an additive white Gaussian noise channel subject to individual packet delay constraints, by taking into account the practical on-off circuit power consumption at the transmitter. First, we consider the offline case, by assuming that the full packet arrival information is known a priori at the transmitter, and formulate the energy minimization problem as a non-convex optimization problem. By exploiting the specific problem structure, we propose an efficient scheduling algorithm to obtain the globally optimal solution. It is shown that the optimal solution consists of two types of scheduling intervals, namely "selected-off" and "always-on" intervals, which correspond to bits-per-joule energy efficiency maximization and "lazy scheduling" rate allocation, respectively. Next, we consider the practical online case where only causal packet arrival information is available. Inspired by the optimal offline solution, we propose a new online scheme. It is shown by simulations that the proposed online scheme has a comparable performance with the optimal offline one and outperforms the design without considering on-off circuit power as well as the other heuristically designed online schemes.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.3-8
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• 2016

무선망에서 소모 전력, 전송률, 통신 반경 등 서비스 요구 사항에 따라 상호 다른 망의 발전이 진행되어 왔다. 최근 차세대 무선망 환경에서는 초고속, 초저지연, 저전력 등 서비스 요구 사항이 보다 다양해지고 높은 수준으로 설정되고 있으며, 이를 만족하기 위한 방안으로 이기종간 효과적인 연동에 대한 연구에 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이기종 무선망 환경에서 망간 연동을 통해 데이터 서비스가 이루어지는 상황에서 에너지 효율성을 반영하는 스케쥴링 기법을 제안한다. 특히 이기종 무선망 환경에서 사용자 형평성을 고려하면서 데이터 수율을 개선하는 비례균등 스케쥴링 방식을 기반으로 에너지 효율에 관한 요소를 반영하는 문제를 고려하고 에너지 효율을 개선함과 동시에 사용자 형평성, 데이터 수율을 모두 감안하는 에너지 효율적인 비례균등 스케쥴링 방식을 제안한다. 또한 모의실험을 통해 제안된 방식으로 비례균등 달성도를 유지하면서 에너지 효율이 개선됨을 보인다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2014

게임이론을 적용하여 에너지 효율적인 전송률 스케줄링 방안을 제안한다. 먼저, 개별 단말의 효용함수를 정의하고, 효용함수를 최적화하도록 에너지를 결정하는 비협력적 전송률 게임을 모델링한다. 여기서, 효용함수는 개별 단말이 데이터 전송시 소모하는 전송 에너지이다. 특히, 개별 단말의 효용함수가 Convex 함수임을 이용하여 에너지 효율적인 전송률 스케줄링 문제가 나쉬 평형이 존재함을 증명하고, 이를 기반으로 비협력적 스케줄링 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한, 에너지 효율의 개선을 위해서 개별 단말의 효용함수의 합을 최적화하는 협력적 스케줄링 알고리즘도 제안한다. 성능 분석을 위하여 비협력적 알고리즘과 협력적 알고리즘의 수렴도 결과와 에너지 효율성 결과를 제시한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권6호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2013

센서 네트워크에서 기본적으로 고려되어야 하는 것은 센서 노드의 에너지 소모 문제이다. 이를 해결하기 위해 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔지만 에너지 소모 문제와 더불어 트레이드오프 관계를 갖는 지연 문제도 간과할 수 없는 부분이다. 본 논문은 생체시스템을 모방하여 무선 센서망에서 에너지의 소모와 지연시간을 줄이기 위한 BISA(Bio-inspired Scheduling Algorithm)를 제안한다. BISA는 에너지 효율성이 높은 라우팅 경로를 탐색하고 다중채널을 이용하여 데이터 전송의 경로를 다중화하여 데이터 전송을 위한 에너지 소모와 지연시간을 최소화한다. 모의실험을 통해 제안한 방식이 효율적으로 에너지를 소모함과 동시에 요구지연시간을 보장함을 확인한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.857-863
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• 2011

Due to uncertainties in target motion and randomness of deployed sensor nodes, the problem of imbalance of energy consumption arises from sensor scheduling. This paper presents an energy-efficient adaptive sensor scheduling for a target monitoring algorithm in a local monitoring region of wireless sensor networks. Owing to excessive scheduling of an individual node, one node with a high value generated by a decision function is preferentially selected as a tasking node to balance the local energy consumption of a dynamic clustering, and the node with the highest value is chosen as the cluster head. Others with lower ones are in reserve. In addition, an optimization problem is derived to satisfy the problem of sensor scheduling subject to the joint detection probability for tasking sensors. Particles of the target in particle filter algorithm are resampled for a higher tracking accuracy. Simulation results show this algorithm can improve the required tracking accuracy, and nodes are efficiently scheduled. Hence, there is a 41.67% savings in energy consumption.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2016

We consider energy efficient transmit and receive strategy for a delay sensitive data. More specifically, we investigate an energy optimum scheduling characteristics for the 2 user interference channel where each user interferes to each other. First, we determine the optimum transmission rate region each individual user may have for optimum transmission. Next, we consider the optimum transmission region of two users together. Shortest path algorithm can be used for further reduction of search space. Eventually, we can reduce computational complexity. We then examine the performance of the optimum transmission strategy for various system environments.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5465-5480
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• 2018

Energy-efficient task scheduling on multi-core server is a fundamental issue in green cloud computing. Multi-core processors are widely used in mobile devices, personal computers, and servers. Existing energy efficient task scheduling methods chiefly focus on reducing the energy consumption of the processor itself, and assume that the cores of the processor are controlled independently. However, the cores of some processors in the market are divided into several voltage islands, in each of which the cores must operate on the same status, and the cost of the server includes not only energy cost of the processor but also the energy of other components of the server and the cost of user waiting time. In this paper, we propose a cost-aware scheduling algorithm ICAS for computation intensive tasks on multi-core server. Tasks are first allocated to cores, and optimal frequency of each core is computed, and the frequency of each voltage island is finally determined. The experiments' results show the cost of ICAS is much lower than the existing method.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1820-1831
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 제한된 에너지 자원을 사용하는 센서 노드에서 실시간 및 비실시간 태스크의 실행이 요구되는 경우, 효율적인 전력 소비와 실시간 태스크의 마감시한 보장 및 비실시간 태스크의 향상된 평균 응답 시간을 제공하는 혼합 태스크 스케줄링 기법을 제안하였다. 제안한 혼합 태스크 스케줄링 기법은 기존 EDF 기반 DVS 스케줄링 기법, FIFO 기반 TinyOS 스케줄링 기법과 태스크 클러스터링 기반의 비선점형 실시간 스케줄링 기법과 성능을 비교하여 그 우수성을 검증하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1892-1912
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• 2022

With the massive demand and growth of cloud computing, virtualization plays an important role in providing services to end-users efficiently. However, with the increase in services over Cloud Computing, it is becoming more challenging to manage and run multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) in Cloud Computing because of excessive power consumption. It is thus important to overcome these challenges by adopting an efficient technique to manage and monitor the status of VMs in a cloud environment. Reduction of power/energy consumption can be done by managing VMs more effectively in the datacenters of the cloud environment by switching between the active and inactive states of a VM. As a result, energy consumption reduces carbon emissions, leading to green cloud computing. The proposed Efficient Dynamic VM Scheduling approach minimizes Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations and manages VM migration by lowering the energy consumption effectively along with the balanced load. In the proposed work, VM Scheduling for Efficient Dynamically Migrated VM (VMS-EDMVM) approach first detects the over-utilized host using the Modified Weighted Linear Regression (MWLR) algorithm and along with the dynamic utilization model for an underutilized host. Maximum Power Reduction and Reduced Time (MPRRT) approach has been developed for the VM selection followed by a two-phase Best-Fit CPU, BW (BFCB) VM Scheduling mechanism which is simulated in CloudSim based on the adaptive utilization threshold base. The proposed work achieved a Power consumption of 108.45 kWh, and the total SLA violation was 0.1%. The VM migration count was reduced to 2,202 times, revealing better performance as compared to other methods mentioned in this paper.