• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.26-39
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• 2003

The elderly can experience a lot of stressful events and the stress acts as a various fluent that affects a well-being level, the self-contentment of lives, and the achievements by themselves. Also, the elderly are different from the young in many unexpressed stress and have diverse copings for perceived stress. Moreover, they mainly seem to use a problem-focused coping and an emotion-focused coping. To use whatever copings is to improve the quality of life in the old period and very important fact to achieve their ends. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Perceived Stress and the Ways of Coping in the Elderly and to gain the baseline data for development of nursing intervention program for improve to the quality of life in the elderly. The design of this study was a correlational study. The subjects of this study consisted of 230 of the elderly living in Pusan. The data was collected from 1st July. to 1st September, 2002. The instruments used for this study were 'Perceived Stress Scale(20items, 5point. scale)' developed by Kang In(1990) and translated by Lee young-ja(1999), and its reliability is Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.89$. 'Coping Scale(30items, 4point. scale, 14 items about a problem-focused coping, 16 items about an emotion-focused coping, 4 points scale) developed by Lazarus & Folkman(1984) and translated by Yang Young-hee(1998). The reliability of this study is Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.90$. The data was analyzed by the SPSS WIN 10.0 program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The mean score of perceived stress was $31.75{\pm}10.23$(Min 20, Max 100), which the item mean score was $1.59{\pm}.51$(Min 1, Max 5). 2. The number of subjects in a problem-focused coping was 72(31.3%), the number of subjects in an emotion-focused coping was 158(68.7%) 3. There were statistically significant positive correlation between perceived stress and problem-focused coping method and the more emotion-focoused coping method.(r=.180, r= .209, P< .05). It means the more stress, the more problem-focused coping method and the more emotion-focused coping method. 4. There was significant difference the score of perceived stress according to sex (F=-5.057, P=.000)marital status, (F=-2.909, P=.004), economic level, (F=10.243, P=.000), paticipated meeting, (F=9.346, P=.000), perceived health status(F=5.117, P=.007). 5. There was significant difference the score of problem-focused coping method according to age(F=14.200, P=.000), marital status (F=2.432, P=.0160), economic level (F=14.410, P=.000), monthly income, (F=8.300. P=.000), income resource (F=10.235, P=.000), educational level (F=15.222, P=.000), occupation (F=1.544, P=.041), paticipated meeting (F=4.936, P=.008), perceived health status(F=5.655, P=.004). And there was significant difference the score of emotion-focused coping method according to monthly income(F=4.781, P=.009), income resource(F=2.930, P=.035), educational level(F=6.101, P=.003), religionF=2.698, P=.032), paticipated meetings(F=7.285, P=.001). As a result of the study, the elderly had a bit less stress and the two-thirds of the elderly used the emotion-focused coping. Thus, the more perceived stress, the more problem-focused coping method and the more emotion-focused coping method. Accordingly, to improve the quality of life of the elderly, there needs and applies a nursing intervention program that relieves the stress and use effective coping method.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.23-40
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the differences in job stress, teacher efficacy, emotion-focused coping strategies and depression of teachers in early childhood education and care according to their demographic backgrounds, 2) to investigate the influences of these variables on depression. 586 teachers in ECEC answered the questionnaires and the collected data were analyzed through frequence, percentages, Pearson's correlations, One-Way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, and stepwise regression using SPSS 21.0. The findings are as follows. First, job stress was significantly different according to ECEC teachers' ages and types of centers they were employed at teacher efficacy was significantly different according to their ages and education levels, emotion-focused coping strategies and depression were respectively significantly different according to ages, types of centers and education levels. Second, ECEC teachers' depression was influenced by undercontrolled expressionof emotion-focused coping strategies, home connection and promotion of positive learning environment of teacher efficacy, undercontrolled thinkingof emotion-focused coping strategies and work overload and job stress in order. These results imply that a support system and a policy should be established for ECEC teachers to express and understand their emotions in a positive way and related information should be provided to them through workshops.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.440-450
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of solution-focused group counseling on the general stress, stress response and coping in the delinquent juveniles. Method: The subjects consisted of a convenience samlple of 60 delinquent juveniles who had been placed under probation in Kwang-ju, and recruited from Oct., 2000 to Dec., 2000. Solution-focused group counseling was conducted for the experimental group once a week for 120 to 180 minutes for 6 week. The control group received no group session. For both groups the level of general stress, stress response and coping were measured before and after the experiment. Result: General stress significantly decreased in the experimental group and increased in the control group, but showed no significant difference between the two groups. Stress response decreased significantly in the experimental group and increased in the control group, but showed no significant difference between the two groups. The problem-focused coping significantly increased in the experimental group and decreased in the control group, and showed a significant difference between the two groups. The emotion-focused coping significantly decreased in the experimental group and increased in the control group, and showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that solution-focused group-counselling has a positive effect on variables like the general stress, stress response, emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping. Further study needs to be conducted to verify results.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the stress and the coping strategies in breast cancer patients and their spouses. Methods: The stress level was measured by the Stress Questionnaire of Andersson & Albertsson (2000). The coping strategies were measured by the modified Lazarus & Folkman's Ways of Coping Questionnaire. The data were collected by a survey sampling 49 couples from one hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and paired t-test. Results: There was no significant differences between the stress level of breast cancer patients and their spouses. The problem-focused coping of breast cancer patients was significant higher than their spouses. The cancer patients and their spouses used problem-focused coping mode more than emotion-focused coping mode. In the problem-focused coping mode, breast cancer patients used two coping strategies - 'seeking information' and 'cognitive reconstruction' - significantly more than their spouses. In emotion-focused coping mode, the breast cancer patients used one coping strategy, 'emotional expression', significantly more than the their spouses. Conclusion: Further study needs to attempt to develop nursing interventions that could improve positive coping strategies.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2002

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of in the level of pain, depression, and quality of life by coping strategy in the chronic arthritis patients. Method: These data were collected by means of a self-reported questionnaire from 90 chronic arthritis patients undergoing treatment at a university hospital in Daegu city from June 10, 2000 to July 15, 2000. The instruments of study were coping strategy scale by Jeon(1985), pain scale by Lee and Song(1987), depression scale by Radloff(1977) and quality of life scale by Cho(1987). Data analysis was done by SPSS Win 10.0 program and Pearson correlation, t-test, Cronbach's-${\alpha}$ were used. Result: The results of this study were as follows: 1. The item mean score of pain for chronic arthritis patient was 6.54. The item mean score of depression for chronic arthritis patient was 2.18. The item mean score of quality of life for chronic arthritis patient was 5.69. 2. The chronic arthritis patients with problem-focused coping experienced pain higher than those with emotion-focused coping(t=o.400, p=o.o45). The chronic arthritis patients with emotion-focused coping experienced depression higher than those with problem-focused coping(t=-2.564, p=0.012). The chronic arthritis patients with problem-focused coping experienced quality of life higher than emotion-focused coping(t=-1.682, p=0.046). Conclusion: In conclusion this study showed that any coping strategy can control the arthritis patient's problem. Therfore, The development of a coping strategy to reduce pain and depression and improve the quality of life in the chronic arthritis patient will be needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.970-979
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• 1998

Cancer has been considered a life-threatening disease and coping patterns could have a strong impact the physical and psychological health of patients and their family. The purpose of this study was to identify the change of coping patterns according to the phases of illness in the patients with cancer and their family caregivers and to compare the coping patterns of patients with those of their caregivers. The phases of illness consisted of 1st(initial) stage, 2nd(metastatic or recurred) stage and 3rd (terminal) stage based on literature. The coping methods were measured using the modified Ways of Coping Questionnaire by Lazarus & Folkman(1984). Seventy-nine patients(35 in stage 1, 31 in stage 2, and 13 in stage 3) and ninety-two caregivers (38 in stage 1, 30 in stage 2 and 24) agreed to participate from two general hospitals in Seoul and Choongnam. No significant changes were found in the coping patterns according to the phases of illness in both groups. Patients in stage 2 and caregivers in stages 2 and 3 problem-focused coping methods were significantly used more than emotion-focused coping methods. Patients in stage 1 significantly used two coping strategies that were cognitive reconstruction and emotion expression more than caregivers. Patients in stage 2 significantly used emotion-focused coping methods including minimizing threat, blame, and emotion expression excepting wishful thinking more than caregivers. We need more research to identify the relationship between the coping methods and their efficiencies through longterm observation and attempt to develope the nursing interventions that could have an improvement on positive coping methods and provide guidance on the problems the patients experience.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.555-566
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• 2020

The Purpose of this study is to examine the effect of emotional intelligence, resilience, and communication style on stress coping in college students. The research problems were verified by correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 303 college students. The findings are as follows. First, college students who have high emotional intelligence show more problem-focused coping and social-support seeking coping in stressful conditions. Particularly, it is found that managing emotion in emotional intelligence has the greatest effect on problem-focused coping and social-support seeking coping, using emotion influences emotion-focused coping. Second, college students who have high resilience are also found more problem-focused coping and social-support seeking coping in stressful conditions. Especially it is found that controllability has the greatest effect on problem-focused coping, positivism influences wishful thinking coping. Similarly, sociability influences social-support seeking coping and emotion-focused coping. Third, those students who was androgynous with high assertiveness and responsiveness used more frequently the problem-focused coping, those who was feminine with high responsiveness used more frequently the social-support seeking coping and wishful thinking coping.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2018

This study examined the relationship between coping style for stress and emotional eating behavior focused on gender difference. A total of 475 college students(males, 244; females, 231) participated in this study. The results were as follows. First, there were significant gender difference in coping style for stress. The scores of male students were significantly higher than those of female students in the problem-focused and self-comforting coping styles, whereas scores of female students were significantly higher than male students in social support pursuit and emotion-focused coping styles. Second, there were significant gender difference in emotional eating behavior. Female students reported higher emotional eating behavior than male students. Third, male students preferred a problem-focused coping style, whereas female students preferred a social support pursuit coping style the most. Fourth, the interaction of gender and coping style for stress were not related to the emotional eating behavior. Both of male and female students who preferred an emotion focused coping style reported the highest score in emotional eating behavior. The limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.427-446
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• 2009

This study examined the possible mediating effects of emotion-focused coping and perceived efficacy on the relation between evaluative concern perfectionism and psychological distress. A convenience sample of 241 university students (129 men and 112 women) was employed. Analyses of the structural model for the full sample yielded evidence of good fit. The results support the indirect pathways of evaluative concern perfectionism to psychological distress through emotion-focused coping and perceived efficacy. About 40% of variance in psychological distress was accounted for by evaluative concern perfectionism, emotion-focused coping and perceived efficacy. In addition, the fully mediated model produced good fit to the data across gender. However, there were no differences in structural paths as a function of gender. Implications for counseling practice and future research are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of adolescents' stress coping behavior on gambling addiction using the irrational belief of gambling as a mediating variable. For this, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 377 high school students in Jeju. Data processing analysis of the research was verified by Baron & Kenny's regression analysis in 4 phases and a Sobel Test was done to verify the significance level on the mediation effect. The study results can be summarized as follows. First, while problem-focused coping had a negative (-) correlation with gambling addiction, emotion-focused coping had a positive (+) correlation with gambling addiction. Second, the irrational belief of gambling had no mediating effects on the relationship between problem-focused coping and gambling addiction. Third, the irrational belief of gambling had a full mediating effect on the relationship between emotion-focused coping and gambling addiction. In conclusion, emotion-focused coping under stress situations would enhance the gambling behavior by increasing the irrational belief of gambling. Therefore, it is necessary to develop programs to improve the adolescents' stress coping skills and rationally correct their irrational belief of gambling, which will be helpful in preventing adolescents' gambling addiction. The limitations of this study are discussed together with suggestions for future research.