• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.760-768
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• 2008

The present study investigated the effect of Leuconostoc kimchii GJ2 (Leu. kimchii GJ2), an exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacterium isolated from kimchi, on serum and liver lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a normal diet group (ND), a high-cholesterol diet group (HCD), a high-cholesterol diet and 200 mg/kg Leu. kimchii GJ2-administered group (HCD-LKL), and a high-cholesterol diet and 400 mg/kg Leu. kimchii GJ2-administered group (HCD-LKH). No between-group differences were found in body weight gain, food intake, or food efficiency ratio. The serum GOT and ALP activities that were elevated by the high-cholesterol diet were significantly decreased after Leu. kimchii GJ2 administration. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was markedly increased in the Leu. kimchii GJ2-administered groups, whereas the serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were lower in the Leu. kimchii GJ2-administered animals. Liver levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were also markedly lower in the Leu. kimchii GJ2-administered groups. In addition, increased activities of HR-LPL and TE-LPL in adipose tissue, caused by the high-cholesterol diet, fell to normal after administration of Leu. kimchii GJ2, in a dose-dependant manner. These results suggest that Leu. kimchii GJ2 isolated from kimchi exerts an antiatherosclerotic effect by reducing serum and liver cholesterol levels.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.307-312
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• 2010

'Cheonghaejinmi' is a new japonica rice variety developed from three-way cross between Samjiyeon/SR14694-57-4-2-1-3-2-2//Iri402 by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. Heading date of this variety is August 18, 4 days later than that of 'Sobibyeo' in middle plain areas. It has culm length of 78 cm, 125 spikelets per panicle, 92.5% of ripened grain rate, and 23.9 g of 1000-brown rice weight. It showed 12 days of heading delay, and 63% spikelet fertility in cold-water irrigation stress. 'Cheonghaejinmi' is susceptible to blast disease, bacterial blight, virus diseases and plant hoppers. The nitrogen use efficiency of this variety is higher than that of Sobibyeo in low nitrogen application level. Milled rice of 'Cheonghaejinmi' exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has 5.9% protein content, 20.3% amylose content, and 0.28 palatability index of cooked rice compared to -0.11 of Hwaseongbyeo. The milled rice yield of 'Cheonghaejinmi' was about 5.31 MT/ha at low nitrogen application level of ordinary season culture. This variety had 98.8% whole grain in milled rice and 76% milling recovery of whole grain. 'Cheonghaejinmi' would be adaptable to middle plain areas and middle-western coastal areas in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.82-96
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• 2019

This study evaluated the status of watershed health in Geum River Basin by SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrology and water quality. The watershed healthiness from watershed hydrology and stream water quality was calculated using multivariate normal distribution from 0(poor) to 1(good). Before evaluation of watershed healthiness, the SWAT calibration for 11 years(2005~2015) of streamflow(Q) at 5 locations with 0.50~0.77 average Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency and suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen(T-N), and total phosphorus(T-P) at 3 locations with 0.67~0.94, 0.59~0.79, and 0.61~0.79 determination coefficient($R^2$) respectively. For 24 years (1985~2008) the spatiotemporal change of watershed healthiness was analyzed with calibarted SWAT and 5 land use data of 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2008. The 2008 SWAT results showed that the surface runoff increased by 40.6%, soil moisture and baseflow decreased by 6.8% and 3.0% respectively compared to 1985 reference year. The stream water quality of SS, T-N, and T-P increased by 29.2%, 9.3%, and 16.7% respectively by land development and agricultural activity. Based on the 1985 year land use condition. the 2008 watershed healthiness of hydrology and stream water quality decreased from 1 to 0.94 and 0.69 respectively. The results of this study be able to detect changes in watershed environment due to human activity compared to past natural conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.113-123
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to develop evaluation indicators forperformance improvement of horticultural therapy garden. In order to achieve a therapeutic purpose, the gardening activity held by the trained horticultural therapist. Moreover, horticultural therapy is 'a medical model' for the treatment and basic premise of the research was set, as horticultural therapy garden is characterized area to support activities of patients and horticultural therapist functionally and efficiently. For this study, three times of Delphi and AHP techniques were proceeded to export panels who were recruited by purposive sampling. Through these techniques, it was possible to deduct the evaluation indicator which maximizes the performance of the horticultural therapy garden. The evaluation items were prioritized by typing and stratification of the indicator. The results and discussions were stated as followings. Firstly, a questionnaire of experts was conducted to horticultural therapists and civil servants who were in charge of horticultural therapy. As results(horticultural therapists: 87.8%, civil servants: 75.2%), It is possible to conclude that both positions have the high recognition and agreed on the necessity of horticultural therapy. Secondly, Delphi investigation was conducted three times in order to develop the evaluation indicator for performance evaluation. After Delphi analysis, total 34 of evaluation elements to improve the performance of the horticultural therapy garden by reliability and validity analysis results. Thirdly, AHP analysis of each evaluation indicator was conducted on the relative importance and weighting. Moreover, the results showed 'interaction between nature and human' as the most important element, and in order of 'plan of the program', 'social interaction', 'sustainable environmental', and 'universal design rule', respectively. On the other hand, the exports from the university and research institute evaluated the importance of 'interaction between nature and human', while horticultural therapists chose 'plan of the program' as the most important element. Fourthly, the total weight was used to develop weight applied evaluation indicator for the performance evaluation of the horticultural therapy garden. The weight applying to evaluation index is generally calculated multiply the evaluation scores and the total weight using AHP analysis. Finally, 'the evaluation indicator and evaluation score sheet for performance improvement of the horticultural therapy garden' was finally stated based on the relative order of priority between evaluation indicators and analyzing the weight. If it was deducted the improvement points for the efficiency of already established horticultural therapy garden using the 'weight applied evaluation sheet', it is possible to expand it by judging the importance with the decision of the priority because the item importance decided by experts was reflected. Moreover, in the condition of new garden establishment, it is expected to be helpful in suggesting ways for performance improvement and in setting the guidelines by understanding the major indicators of performance improvement in horticultural therapy activity.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.723-736
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• 2022

In this study, monthly precipitation forecasting models that can predict up to 12 months in advance were constructed for the Geum River basin, and two statistical techniques, multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN), were applied to the model construction. As predictor candidates, a total of 47 climate indices were used, including 39 global climate patterns provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and 8 meteorological factors for the basin. Forecast models were constructed by using climate indices with high correlation by analyzing the teleconnection between the monthly precipitation and each climate index for the past 40 years based on the forecast month. In the goodness-of-fit test results for the average value of forecasts of each month for 1991 to 2021, the MLR models showed -3.3 to -0.1% for the percent bias (PBIAS), 0.45 to 0.50 for the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and 0.69 to 0.70 for the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), whereas, the ANN models showed PBIAS -5.0~+0.5%, NSE 0.35~0.47, and r 0.64~0.70. The mean values predicted by the MLR models were found to be closer to the observation than the ANN models. The probability of including observations within the forecast range for each month was 57.5 to 83.6% (average 72.9%) for the MLR models, and 71.5 to 88.7% (average 81.1%) for the ANN models, indicating that the ANN models showed better results. The tercile probability by month was 25.9 to 41.9% (average 34.6%) for the MLR models, and 30.3 to 39.1% (average 34.7%) for the ANN models. Both models showed long-term predictability of monthly precipitation with an average of 33.3% or more in tercile probability. In conclusion, the difference in predictability between the two models was found to be relatively small. However, when judging from the hit rate for the prediction range or the tercile probability, the monthly deviation for predictability was found to be relatively small for the ANN models.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

Sedimentation and pH neutralization has been investigated as preteatment of acid contaminate water. The settling and neutralizing process derive more effective degradation efficiency as the pre-treatment process before the removal process of adsorption, volatile, biodegradation, or oxidation. Settling velocity, uniformity coefficient, coefficient of curvature, and grain size index can define in the sedimentation process for characteristics of the soil. The stainless steel sieve has been used to separate each particle size of the dry soil by assembling in order of 4, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, and 200 mesh sizes. The soil from Gamcheon Port in Busan drops upper side of the sieve and shakes back and forth to separate each different size of the particle. The 1L of Imhoff cone and 200 mL of the mass cylinder were used as settling tanks to calculate settling velocity. Stokes' equation was used to figure out the average density of dry soil with a value from settling velocity. In the results, the average particle density and lowest settling velocity were 1.93 g/cm³ and 0.11 cm/s, respectively. These values can detect the range of settling points of sediment to prevent chemical accidents. In pH neutralization, the initial pH of 2, 3, 4, and 5 of nitric acid and sulfuric acid are used as an acid solution; 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 M of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide are used as a base solution. The main goal of this experiment is to figure out the volume percentage of the acid solution becomes pH 7. The concentration of 0.001 M of base solution exceeds all the conditions, 0.01 M exceeds partially, and 0.1 M does not exceed 5 v/v% except pH 2. Calcium hydroxide present less volume than sodium hydroxide at pH neutralization both sulfuric and nitric acid.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.194-203
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• 2022

Cultivation of tomatoes in Korea grown in soil covers 89% of the total area for tomato cultivation. Tomatoes grown in soil often encounter various environment stresses including not only salt stress and soil-borne diseases but also cold stress in the winter season. This study was conducted to comparatively analyze the performance of rootstocks with cold stress by measuring the growth, yield, and photosynthetic efficiency in tomatoes grown in soil. The rootstocks were used 'Powerguard', 'IT173773', and '20LM' for the domestic rootstock cultivars and 'B-blocking' for a control cultivar. The tomato cultivar 'Red250' was used as the scion and the non-grafted tomatoes. Stem diameter, flowering position, leaf length, and leaf width were investigated for the growth parameters. The stem diameter of the non-grafted tomatoes decreased by 15% compared to the grafted tomatoes at 80 days after transplanting when exposed to low temperatures of 9-14℃ for 14 days. The leaf length and width of the non-grafted tomatoes were the lowest with 42.4 cm and 41.8 cm at 80 days after transplanting. The total yield per plant was the highest in tomato plants grafted on 'Powerguard' with 1,615 g and lowest in non-grafted tomatoes with 1,299 g. As the result of measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, PI_ABS and DI₀/RC, which mean the performance index and dissipated energy flux, 'Powerguard' was the highest with 3.73 in PI_ABS and the lowest with 0.34 in DI₀/RC, whereas non-grafted tomatoes was the lowest with 2.62 in PI_ABS and the highest with 0.41 in DI₀/RC at 80 days after transplanting. The stem diameter has positive correlation with PI_ABS, while it has negative correlation with DI₀/RC. The results indicate that can be analyzed by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used for analyzing the differences in the growth of tomato plants grafted on different rootstocks when exposed to cold stress.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.121-142
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• 2023

As the number and weight of imported food are steadily increasing, safety management of imported food to prevent food safety accidents is becoming more important. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety conducts on-site inspections of foreign food facilities before customs clearance as well as import inspection at the customs clearance stage. However, a data-based safety management plan for imported food is needed due to time, cost, and limited resources. In this study, we tried to increase the efficiency of the on-site inspection by preparing a machine learning prediction model that pre-selects the companies that are expected to fail before the on-site inspection. Basic information of 303,272 foreign food facilities and processing businesses collected in the Integrated Food Safety Information Network and 1,689 cases of on-site inspection information data collected from 2019 to April 2022 were collected. After preprocessing the data of foreign food facilities, only the data subject to on-site inspection were extracted using the foreign food facility_code. As a result, it consisted of a total of 1,689 data and 103 variables. For 103 variables, variables that were '0' were removed based on the Theil-U index, and after reducing by applying Multiple Correspondence Analysis, 49 characteristic variables were finally derived. We build eight different models and perform hyperparameter tuning through 5-fold cross validation. Then, the performance of the generated models are evaluated. The research purpose of selecting companies subject to on-site inspection is to maximize the recall, which is the probability of judging nonconforming companies as nonconforming. As a result of applying various algorithms of machine learning, the Random Forest model with the highest Recall_macro, AUROC, Average PR, F1-score, and Balanced Accuracy was evaluated as the best model. Finally, we apply Kernal SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to present the selection reason for nonconforming facilities of individual instances, and discuss applicability to the on-site inspection facility selection system. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that it will contribute to the efficient operation of limited resources such as manpower and budget by establishing an imported food management system through a data-based scientific risk management model.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

An estuary is an area where a freshwater river or stream meets the ocean. Even before the importance of the value of estuaries was recognized, the estuary was lost because of large-scale conversion by draining, filling, damming, and dredging. In South Korea, 643 estuaries are located, and the total area is 3,248,300 ha, accounting for 32.5% of the total area of South Korea. Over 35% of Korean estuaries are closed estuaries which are only temporally connected with the sea, either permanently or periodically. Since 2008, in order to preserve the estuary ecosystem and solve major issues in the estuary by accumulating knowledge about the estuarine ecosystem, the Ministry of Environment of Republic of Korea has been conducting the "Estuarine Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment Project". At 668 sites of 325 estuaries, epilithic diatom, benthic macroinvertebrate, fish, and vegetation are investigated, and the habitat condition of each site is evaluated using the newly developed biotic index. More than 100 researchers annually record 2,097 species of estuaries according to the standardized survey guidelines over the past 14 years and provide strictly managed data necessary for establishing estuaries conservation policies. As a result of bibliometric analysis of 1,195 research articles related to the monitoring and assessment of the estuarine ecosystem, research on pollutants such as heavy metals and sediment control have recently been conducted. "Estuarine Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment Project" is an ecological monitoring type of long-term mandated monitoring that is usually focused on identifying trends. Although it is difficult to identify the mechanism influencing a change in an ecosystem through long-term mandated monitoring, providing empirical data for supporting evidence-based policy, decision-making, and the management of ecosystems. In order to increase the efficiency of the project, research to investigate the relationship between sediments and pollutants and organisms can be conducted at specific estuaries or sites to compensate for the shortcomings of mandatory monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1977

A study was conducted in order to compare the topdressing method of the conventional fertilizers as control and the deep application method of the ball complex fertilizer newly developed. The ball complex fertilizer consisted of 5% of nitrogen, 5% of phosphorus, and 7% of potassium. Basal application of nitrogen for the rice plant was the same for both control plots and ball complex plots. One ball complex fertilizer per four hills was applied at depth of 12~13cm 35days before heading stage while control plot received three times topdressing at different growth stages as usual practice. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The ball complex fertilizer applied in the soil was continuously utilized by the rice plants until harvest time while nitrogen and potassium uptake of control plots was reduced rapidly after heading stage. Daily uptake of nitrogen and potassium per hill at maturing stage were 0.45mg and 0.68mg in control plots, but 4.80mg and 7.0mg respectively in ball complex plots. 2. Dry matter productivity of the rice plant in control plots, well coinciding with nutrients uptake pattern, was maximum just after heading stage decreased at maturing stage. But dry matter productivity in ball complex plots was much higher at maturing stage than at heading stage. 3. Ball complex application increased effective tillering rate, causing higher panicle number per hill. 4. Ball complex application brought about 528kg/10a of hulled grain yield while the conventional practice 423kg/10a. 5. Deep application of ball complex was superior to usual practice in terms of yield components such as panicle number per hill, filled grain number per panicle, maturing rate, and 1,000 grain weight. 6. From the morphological characteristics point of view, the deep application of ball complex made the flag leaf and the 2nd leaf heavier, larger and broader as compared to control treatment. 7. It is considered that by applying the ball complex fertilizer at depth of 12~13cm sufficient amount of nitrogen and potassium could be utilized by rice plants during the maturing stage and assimilated in the leaf blade, consequently making the flag leaf and the 2nd leaf bigger and healthier. The fact can easily explain that the ball complex plots had higher capacity of photosynthesis, less discoloration of lower leaves, bigger leaf area index, and better grain yield as compared to the conventional practice. In conclusion the deep application method of the ball complex fertilizer was superior to the routine topdressing method of the usual fertilizers.