• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.550-553
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• 2010

The representative research institutes in North Korea are the Academy of Science and the laboratories of major universities. The National Academy of Science consists of headquarters, Academy of Medicinal Science, Academy of Forestry Science, and Academy of Agricultural Science. Under the authority of the National Academy of Science, Central Information Agency for Science and Technology (CIAST) has built up a database system integrating all the science technology data to provide scientific and technological information. The major universities of North Korea include Kim Il-sung University, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang Agricultural College, and Wonsan Agricultural College, and an agricultural college is situated in each province. Out of 3,860 plant species in North Korea, 158 species which amounts to approximately 4% of the total are rare and endangered, and deforestation is under a critical situation. The Oriental Medicine (Koryo Medicine) has been well developed using medicinal plants, and practical researches on biotic pesticide are largely conducted as an alternative to tackle the shortage of farming materials. Hereafter, a South-North joint research on the amount of plant resources and the methods of its conservation is needed and the North Korean research areas of biotic pesticide are worth adopting to the South Korean eco-friendly organic agriculture.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.367-398
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• 2008

This study analyzed the disparity between the supply and demand of information demand and information provision generated among information providers(agricultural researchers) and information adopters(farmers), the two subjects of the local innovation diffusion process, with a focus on the contents and methods of sharing information and according to individual innovation diffusion pattern. In information provision, the characteristics of the contents of information in terms of their temporal necessity and effective period were more important than the field to which the contents of information belonged. In addition, the selection and strategic provision of an information provision method appropriate to each pattern according to the contents of information were proposed as a way of resolving farmers'information demand and strengthening their links to experiment stations. According to the analysis, information provision methods such as the limited use of some patterns in methods of providing documents, provision of production information using experiment field, and eco-friendly agricultural information to all types through regular study group sessions, search for plans for using ICT, and supplementary and interconnected composition of individual information provision methods were applicable in a complex manner according to the situation and management format, and the standard here was the contents of information.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

본 총설은 수 처리용으로 이용되는 여러 가지 종류의 농업부산물과 염료를 종합평가한 것이다. 염료로 인한 수질오염은 심각한 환경문제를 유발하고 있으나 적절한 기술과 장치는 물론, 수 처리제가 고가로 공급되어 수질관리에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 그에 따른 대체제로 최근에 농업부산물을 이용한 저가흡착제 개발에 높은 관심을 보이고 있는 가운데, 각종 농업부산물의 흡착기능을 조사하였다. 또한 활성탄을 대체할 만한 저가이면서 환경친화적인 염료폐수처리제 개발과 그 효용성을 연구하여 활성탄과 같은 흡착제의 대체가능성을 평가하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.38-51
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• 2022

Whole-plant corn (Zea may L.) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are major summer crops that can be fed as direct-cut or silage. Proso millet is a short-season growing crop with distinct agronomic characteristics that can be productive in marginal lands. However, information is limited about the potential production, feed value, and ensilability of proso millet forage. We evaluated proso millet as a silage crop in comparison with conventional silage crops. Proso millet was sown on June 8 and harvested on September 5 at soft-dough stage. Corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid were planted on May 10 and harvested on September 10 at the half milk-line and soft-dough stages, respectively. The fermentation was evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 days after ensiling. Although forage yield of proso millet was lower than corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, its relative feed value was greater than sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude protein, and water-soluble carbohydrate decreased commonly in the ensiling forage crops. The DM loss was greater in proso millet than those in corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. The in vitro dry matter digestibility declined in the forage crops as fermentation progressed. In the early stages of fermentation, pH dropped rapidly, which was stabilized in the later stages. Compared to corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen was greater in proso millet. The count of lactic acid bacteria reached the maximum level on day 10, with the values of 6.96, 7.77, and 6.95 Log₁₀ CFU/g fresh weight for proso millet, corn, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, respectively. As ensiling progressed, the concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid of the three crops increased and lactic acid proportion became higher in the order of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, corn, and proso millet. Overall, the shorter, fast-growing proso millet comparing with corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid makes this forage crop an alternative option, particularly in areas where agricultural inputs are limited. However, additional research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of viable strategies such as chemical additives or microbial inoculants to minimize ammonia-nitrogen formation and DM loss during ensiling.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.2169-2175
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• 2009

This research aims to evaluate the concept of eco-efficient water infrastructure and provides a list of case studies in order to help understand the applicability of eco-efficient water infrastructure to Asia and the Pacific. A set of indicators have been explored to assess eco-efficiency in water infrastructure for the region on a micro and macro scale. The core idea of eco-efficiency, 'more value with less impact (on the environment)', has proven to be applicable in management of water infrastructure. The fundamental elements in eco-efficient water infrastructure should encompass physical infrastructure and non-physical infrastructure, which is more needed particularly in Asian countries. The case studies have demonstrated the applicability of the concept of eco-efficient water infrastructure. The Republic of Korea has provided the case of the eco-friendly approaches to enhance dam management and its innovative solutions how to use water more efficiently through state-of-art technologies. The experiences of Singapore are some of the best evidence to establish eco-efficient water infrastructure, for instance, the NEWater project via application of cutting edge technologies (recycled water) and institutional reform in water tariff systems to conserve water as well as enhance water quality. A list of indicators to assess eco-efficiency in water infrastructure have been discussed, and the research presents a myriad of project cases which are good to represent eco-efficiency in water infrastructure, including multipurpose small dams, customized flood defense systems, eco-efficient ground water use, and eco-efficient desalination plants. The study has presented numerous indicators in five different categories: 1) the status of water availability and infrastructure; 2) production and consumption patterns of freshwater; 3) agricultural products and sources of environmental loads; 4) damages from water-caused natural disaster; and 5) urban water supply and sanitation. There are challenges as well as benefits in such indicators, since the indicators should be applied very carefully in accordance with specific socio-economic, political and policy contexts in different countries in Asia and the Pacific Region. The key to success of establishment of eco-efficient water infrastructure in Asia primarily depends on the extent to which each country is committed to balancing its development of physical as well as non-physical water infrastructure. Particularly, it is imperative for Asian countries to transform its policy focus from physical infrastructure to non-physical infrastructure. Such shift will help lead to implementation of sustainable in Asian countries.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2016

단감 해충의 효과적인 방제를 위하여, 현재까지 주로 화학 살충제가 사용되어 왔으나, 최근 화학 살충제의 과다 사용은 해충 저항성과 농약 잔류 문제라는 심각한 문제를 야기하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 친환경 유기농자재 (Eco-Friendly Organic Pesticides; EFOP)의 주요 단감 해충인 감꼭지나방과 톱다리개미허리노린재에 대한 살충 활성을 검토하였다. 현재 유통되고 있는 친환경 유기농자재 11 종을 실험실 조건에서 대상 해충에 분무 처리하였다. 대조 약제는 화학 살충제인 buprofezin+dinotefuran (20+15) 수화제를 사용하였다. 감꼭지나방에 대한 유기농자재의 살충 효과를 평가하는 과정에서, 감꼭지나방 유충의 개체수 부족 문제로 인하여 배추좀나방 유충을 1차 실험충으로 사용하였으며, 세 종류의 친환경 유기농자재를 사전 선발하였다. 선발된 친환경 유기농자재는 목초액 (EFOP-1), 회화나무, 양명아주, 멀구슬나무의 혼합추출물 (EFOP-2), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai NT0423 (EFOP-11)이었으며, 선발된 유기농자재의 감꼭지나방 유충에 대한 살충력 실험 결과, EFOP-2의 처리구에서 생충율이 27.7% (5 일차), 13.3% (7 일차), 6.7% (10 일차)로 가장 높은 살충 효과를 보였다. 톱다리개미허리노린재에 대한 살충 효과 평가에서는 회화나무, 양명아주, 멀구슬나무의 혼합추출물 (EFOP-2, EFOP-9)과 고삼, 데리스의 혼합추출물 (EFOP-10)이 높은 살충 효과를 보였다. 특히 EFOP-2의 처리구에서 생충율이 20.0% (5 일차), 16.7% (10 일차)로 가장 높은 살충 효과를 보였다. 결론적으로, 친환경 유기농자재인 EFOP-2를 이용하여 단감의 주요 해충인 감꼭지나방과 톱다리개미허리노린재를 포함한 다양한 노린재 해충에 대한 방제가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2011

본 연구는 전라북도 친환경농업실천 농가포장에서 벼 육묘방법별 생육, 도복형질, 쌀의 품위 및 품질 등을 비교 분석하여 친환경쌀 생산에 적합한 이앙방법을 구명하였다. 육묘방법별 생육특성으로 수수, 립수, 등숙비율, 천립중은 포트육묘>조파육묘>산파육묘 이앙재배 순으로 우수하였으며, 특히 수수, 립수의 경우 산파육묘 이앙재배 대비 포트육묘 이앙재배에서 각각 1.6개/주(10.4%), 30.1개/수(35.1%)가 많아 쌀 수량이 41 kg/10a(8.8%) 증수되었다. 포트육묘의 단위면적당 적정 이앙주수는 56주/$3.3m^2$로 50주/$3.3m^2$보다 등숙비율은 낮았으나 수수, 립수는 많아 수량지수가 2.6% 증가한 555 kg/10a이었다. 이는 관행인 산파육묘 이앙재배보다 49 kg/10a 증수된 109.7%이었다. 도복형질은 포트육묘 이앙재배에서 3절 두께가 산파육묘 이앙재배에 비해 0.31 mm(9.0%) 양호하였다. 뿌리길이 및 건물중은 포트육묘에서 산파육묘 이앙재배에 비해 각각 2.8 cm(13.8%), 1.8 g(25.3%) 우수하였다. 쌀 품위 및 품질은 포트육묘 이앙재배에서 산파육묘 이앙재배에 비해 완전미율이 4.4% 높았고, 싸라기비율이 1.8% 낮았다. 단백질 함량은 포트육묘 이앙재배에서 0.4% 낮았다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2016

The present work reports a facile, rapid and an eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Luffa acutangula (L. acutangula) leaves extract and their antibacterial and cytotoxic effects. The synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Additionally the topography, morphology and the elemental composition of the particles were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive spectrophotometric (EDS) technique and the measured particle sizes from SEM micrographs are in the range of 12.5 to 24.5nm. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was high against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and moderate against gram negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Further, the cytotoxic effects of synthesized AgNPs were evaluated against Human Breast Cancer (MCF 7) cell line.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2020

최근 환경친화적 농업정책의 흐름에 따라 친환경 유기농자재 중에서 농업용 키토산에 관한 제품 등록이 토양개량제, 작물생육용, 병해충방제용 등 다양한 형태로 표시되고 있으나, 천연고분자물질인 키틴 원료를 이용한 제품 등록은 미미한 실정이다. 다만 키틴 기질을 함께 이용할 수 있는 키틴분해 미생물에 관한 유기농자재는 일부 등록되어 있다. 현재 국내 키틴·키토산 제조업체는 게껍질에서 산처리와 알카리처리에 의해서 얻어진 키틴 원료를 그대로 판매할 경우 매우 낮은 수익을 얻게 됨으로 탈아세틸화 단계 과정을 거쳐 제조되는 키토산 형태로 판매하거나 산처리와 효소처리에 의한 분자량을 달리한 키토산올리고당 형태로 제품화 하는 경우가 대부분이다. 실제 농업 현장에서는 토양개량을 위해 게껍질을 그대로 이용하는 경우가 있다. 하지만 게껍질에 포함된 40~50%의 탄산칼슘의 분해는 유기산 생성미생물에 의해 분해되어야 한다. 따라서 산업체에서 생산된 탄산칼슘을 제거한 키틴의 사용이 매우 효율적이다. 따라서 키틴생산 산업체에서는 식품용, 의료용 등의 고품질 고비용보다 농업용의 키틴을 저품질 저비용으로 생산함으로써 경쟁력을 가져올 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 농업용 유기농자재 대부분 제품에서 키토산이 약산에 녹여진 상태인 액상임으로 실제적인 키토산의 농도는 1~5% 범위로 매우 낮은 수준이다. 일부 제품의 경우 첨가물로 미량의 키토산올리고당 또는 키토산아제가 포함되어 있는 경우도 있다. 작물이 생산되는 농가 토양내 키틴분해와 키토산분해를 할 수 있는 다양한 토양미생물이 존재함으로 키틴과 키토산을 기질로 하여 토양개량, 작물생육 향상, 병해충 방제 목적으로 적합하게 농업 현장에 잘 적용함으로써 천연에서 얻어진 고분자 키틴·키토산 농자재가 농가의 환경보전 및 농가소득 향상에 매우 의미 있는 역할을 가질 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구보고문에서는 국내 주요 키틴·키토산 생산업체의 소개와 이들 업체의 주요 생산품을 살펴보고, 국립농산물품질관리원의 유기농업자재정보시스템에서 키틴·키토산 원료를 이용한 친환경 유기농자재 업체별 등록현황에 대한 비교·분석을 통하여 국내 키틴·키토산의 농업적 활용 범위를 더욱 확대할 수 있는 기회를 마련하고자 한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Plant extracts have been used as environment friendly agricultural materials for organic farming in South Korea. However safety evaluation on the plant extracts was not properly tested. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety of the extracts from Melia azedarach, Nerium indicum and Coptis chinensis on cultivating rice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pant extarcts 300-fold diluted were treated on rice, and residues of M. azedarach, N. indicum and C. chinensis were determined. The analytes from the rice samples were detected by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was validated, and good linearities ($r^2=0.995-0.998$), specificity, and recoveries were obtained. Limits of detection were 0.01 mg/kg for all of the target compounds. Recoveries were 79.3-118.3% at 0.1 mg/kg and 75.2-111.5% at 0.5 mg/kg. The residue levels were below 0.030 mg/kg for azadirachtin, 0.320 mg/kg for oleandrin and 1.460 mg/kg for berberine. CONCLUSION(S): The extracts of M. azedarach, N. indicum and C. chinensis contained azadirachtin, oleandrin and berberine as an active ingredient, respectively. The residue of three active ingredients dramatically decreased after treatment in all fruits, stems and roots of rice.