• 제목/요약/키워드: EPA and ARA

검색결과 8건 처리시간 0.031초

Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: review of recent studies and recommendations

  • Dael, Peter Van
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.137-159
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    • 2021
  • Long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are nutrients involved in many metabolic and physiological processes, and are referred to as n-3 LCPUFA. They have been extensively studied for their effects in human nutrition and health. This paper provides an overview on metabolism, sources, dietary intake, and status of n-3 LCPUFA. A summary of the dietary recommendations for n-3 LCPUFAs for different age groups as well as specific physiological conditions is provided. Evidence for n-3 LCPUFA in cardiovascular diseases, including new studies, is reviewed. Expert recommendations generally support a beneficial effect of n-3 LCPUFA on cardiovascular health and recommend a daily intake of 500 mg as DHA and EPA, or 1-2 servings of fish per week. The role of n-3 LCPUFA on brain health, in particular neurodegenerative disorders and depression, is reviewed. The evidence for beneficial effects of n-3 LCPUFA on neurodegenerative disorders is non-conclusive despite mechanistic support and observational data. Hence, no definite n-3 LCPUFA expert recommendations are made. Data for the beneficial effect of n-3 LCPUFA on depression are generally compelling. Expert recommendations have been established: 200-300 mg/day for depression; up to 1-2 g/day for major depressive disorder. Recent studies support a beneficial role of n-3 LCPUFAs in reducing the risk for premature birth, with a daily intake of 600-800 mg of DHA during pregnancy. Finally, international experts recently reviewed the scientific evidence on DHA and arachidonic acid (ARA) in infant nutrition and concluded that the totality of data support that infant and follow-on formulas should provide both DHA and ARA at levels similar to those in breast milk. In conclusion, the available scientific data support that dietary recommendations for n-3 LCPUFA should be established for the general population and for subjects with specific physiological conditions.

한국인 수유부에 어유의 보충 급여 효과에 관한 연구 -III. 영아의 지방산 섭취, 혈장 지질 농도 및 혈장과 적혈구 인지질의 지방산 조성에 미친 영향- (Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation to Korean Lactating Women -III. The Effects of Fatty Acid Composition, Plasma Lipid Concentration and Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma Phopspholipids and Erythrocyte of Infants-)

  • 임현숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.192-198
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    • 1996
  • This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of fish oil supplementation with low does on the lipid concentration and fatty acid composition of plasma and the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte of infants. Among 18 breast-fed infants, 6 were in control group and 12 were in fish oil groups. The subjects in fish oil groups were nursed by their mothers who supplemented with fish oil 1.96g/d or 3.92g/d, respectively for 2 weeks from 10 to 12 weeks postpartum. The nursing mothers consumed their usual diets at home. Blood samples were collected at the final day of experiment. There were no significant changes in daily intakes of total lipid, triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid and cholesterol of infants by fish oil supplementation. However, the content of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)increased and that of ARA (arachidonic acid) decreaed significantly in plasma PC(phophatidylchline). And also, there were tendencies to increase triglyceride concentration and to decrease cholesterol and phopholipid concentrations of plasma. As the above results, atherogenic index (AI) showed a tendency to decrease, but not significant. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA contents in plasma PC and PE (phosphatidylethanolamin) as well as those of erythrocyte tended to increase. In these results, we concluded that fish oil supplementation with low dose to lactating women does not obviously affect of the plasma lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition of plasma PC and PE as well as erythrocyte. However the increase of EPA content of plasma PC and the tendency to increase DHA and EPA contents of plasma as well as erythrocyte membrane indicate that there may be some beneficial effect on infant lipid metabolism of fish oil intake of nutsing mother were increased.

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기수산 물벼룩(Diaphanosoma celebensis)의 대량생산을 위한 대체 먹이원의 효과 (Relative Effectiveness of Replacement Diets for Mass Production of the Brackish Water Flea Diaphanosoma celebensis)

  • 박진철;권오남;박흠기
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.146-153
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    • 2012
  • This study examined the effect of formulated diets (composed of condensed freshwater $Chlorella$ or $Schizochytrium$ sp., $Crypthecodinium$ sp., and EPA oil sources derived from baker's yeast) on the population growth and fatty acid composition of the brackish water flea ($Diaphanosoma$ $celebensis$) to determine diet effectiveness for mass production. Results indicated that the highest maximum density, fecundity, and population specific growth rate (SGR) of the flea were observed using a diet of $Tetraselmis$ $suecica$ (control). However, results using condensed freshwater $Chlorella$ and the mixed treatment of $Schizochytrium$ sp.+$Crypthecodinium$ sp.+EPA oil did not significantly differ from the control treatment ($P$>0.05). Thus, $T.$ $suecica$ could be replaced with a combination diet of $Schizochytrium$ sp., $Crypthecodinium$ sp., and EPA oil in condensed freshwater $Chlorella$ without growth interruption of $D.$ $celebensis$. As the percentage of combination diet (mix of $Schizochytrium$ sp., $Crypthecodinium$ sp., and EPA oil) in condensed freshwater $Chlorella$ increased, the level of ARA, EPA, DHA, and n-3 HUFA in $D.$ $celebensis$ also increased. However, the population density of $D.$ $celebensis$ sharply decreased with the use of treated supplements C5M5 (CHL [50%] and $Crypthecodinium$ sp.+ $Schizochytrium$ sp. + EPA oil [MIX 50%]). The optimum proportions of CHL and MIX for $D.$ $celebensis$ within the mixture were 70% and 30%, respectively. Based on the results, the combination of $Schizochytrium$ sp., $Crypthecodinium$ sp., and EPA oil in condensed freshwater $Chlorella$ appears to be a stable and effective food source for mass production of $D.$ $celebensis$.

The effect of long-term supplementation with different dietary ${\omega}-6/{\omega}-3$ ratios on mineral content and ex vivo prostaglandin E2 release in bone of growing rabbits

  • Alnouri, Doha Mustafa;El-Din, Mohamed Fekry Serag;Al-Khalifa, Abdulrhman Salih
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.360-367
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    • 2014
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to study the different long term effects of consumption of dietary oil sources with varying omega-6/omega-3 (${\omega}-6/{\omega}-3$) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratios on bone marrow fatty acid level, ex vivo prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) release, and mineral content of bone in rabbits. MATERIALS/METHODS: For this purpose, weaning and female New Zealand white rabbits were purchased and randomly divided into five groups and offered ad libitum diets containing 70 g/kg of added oil for 100 days. The dietary lipid treatments were formulated to provide the following ratios of ${\omega}-6/{\omega}-3$ fatty acids: 8.68 soy bean oil (SBO control), 21.75 sesame oil (SO), 0.39 fish oil (FO), 0.63 algae oil (DHA), and 0.68 algae oils (DHA/ARA). DHA and ARA are two types of marine microalgae of the genus Crypthecodinium cohnii. RESULTS: The dietary treatments had significant effects on the bone marrow fatty acids of rabbits. Rabbits fed the FO diet, containing the highest ${\omega}-3$ PUFA concentration, and those fed the SBO diet showed the highest ${\omega}-6$ PUFA. On the other hand, a positive correlation was observed between Ex vivo $PGE_2$ level and the ${\omega}-6/{\omega}-3$ dietary ratio. Significant effects of dietary treatment on femur Ca, P, Mg, and Zn contents were observed in both genders. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the current study clearly demonstrated that dietary PUFA, particularly ${\omega}-6/{\omega}-3$ and ARA/EPA ratios are important factors in determining bone marrow fatty acid profile, and this in turn determines the capacity of bone for synthesis of $PGE_2$, thereby reducing bone resorption and improving bone mass during growth.

Effects of Selected Fatty Acids Supplementation on Growth and Fecundity in Artemia franciscana

  • Han, Kyung-Min;Lee, Gye-An;Hur, Sung-Bum;Sungchul C. Bai
    • 한국양식학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.151-157
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    • 2004
  • Effects of supplementing selected fatty acids on fatty acid incorporation (17 days) , and progeny production (14 days) in Artemia franciscana (Great Salt Lake, USA) were studied. To compare with the control four diets, which differed in fatty acid composition alone contain Dunalieia tertiolecta and an emulsion either rich in OA (oleic acid, 18: 1 n-9), ARA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid,20:5n-3), or DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3). Each of these emulsions was supplemented at a ratio of 20 % of the daily dose of D. tertiolecta (% algal dry weight). The initial OA and ARA values were 33.5 and 1.7 mg/g DW of freshly-hatched nauplii, respectively. After 11 days of feeding, these values increased to 38.8 and 7.6 mg/g DW in Artemia receiving the fatty acid sup-plement rich in each of the respective fatty acids. After 14 days, the levels were almost doubled, reaching 62.8 and 13.4 mg/g respectively. On EPA supplementation, its level after 11 days of feeding was 14.3 and 17.3 mg/g in male and female, respectively and was 16.0 and 23.1 mg/g in the male and female after 14 days, respectively. The EPA accumulated more in the body (39.1 mg/g) than in ovisac (16.9 mg/g). In the DHA supplementation group also, DHA levels after 11 days of feeding were 3.1 and 5.5 mg/g in male and female, respectively. After 14 days, the DHA level continued to increase in male. but slightly decreased to 4.6 mg/g in female. It was not richer in ovisac (2.6 mg/g) than in the remaining body of female (4.6 mg/g). In conclusion, fatty acids supplied by a lipid emulsion as a supplement to the algal diet are well incorporated in the adult Artemia. Apart from being an extra source of energy, these emulsions may function as source of HUFA which may play an essential role for growth and progeny production (fecundity) of Artemia.

해만가리비와 먹이생물 Phytoplankton의 지질함량에 관한 연구 (A study on the Oil Contents of Phytoplankton and Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians)

  • 김숙양;강석중;최병대;전상호
    • 한국패류학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.217-225
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    • 2010
  • 성장기 해역별 해만가리비의 총지질 함량은 8월 통영해역에서 가장 높았으나, 9월과 10월에는 감소하였고 11월에는 가장 낮은 수치로 현저히 감소하였다. 해역별 phytoplankton의 총 지질함량은 통영해역에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타나 통영해역에서의 가장 성장이 좋은 결과와 잘 일치하여 먹이생물인 phytoplankton의 총지질 함량이 해만가리비의 성장에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다. 통영해역은 8월에 최고를, 11월에는 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 성장기에 있어서 해만가리비의 해역별 계절에 따른 지방산 조성중 포화지방산으로서는 16:0, 18:0가 주성분을 이루었고, 불포화지방산인 monoenoic acid는 16:1n-7, 18:1n-7, 20:1n-9, ARA (20:4n-6), EPA (20:5n-3), DHA (22:6n-3) 가 주성분이었다. 해만가리비의 성장기 (8-11월) 에 있어서 해역별 phytoplankton의 지방산 조성은 여름철인 8월에 오메가-3 고도불포화지방산은 성장이 나쁜 남해 해역이 높은데 비하여 통영과 남면해역은 낮았다.

치어기 뱀장어의 사료내 필수지방산 요구량에 관한 연구 (Studies on Requirements of Optimum Dietary Essential Fatty Acids in Juvenile Eel, Anguilla japonica)

  • 배준영;한경민;박건준;배승철
    • 한국양식학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.275-281
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    • 2004
  • 본 실험은 치어기 뱀장어의 사료내 필수지방산과그 적정 요구량을 평가하기 위하여 5종의 고도불포화지방산을 종류별, 수준별로 첨가하여 성장 및 체조성에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 실험어는 평균무게 15 g인 뱀장어 치어를 사용하였으며, 실험사료 내에 5종류의 고도불포화지방산(LA, LNA, AA, DHA, EPA)을 첨가하여 총 7가지 실험구를 3반복으로 설정하여 16주간 사육실험을 진행하였다. WG과 SGR에 있어서 D$_3$실험구가 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). FE과 PER역시 성장결과와 유사한 경향을 보였는데 D$_2$, D$_3$실험구가 다른 실험구에 비해 유의적으로 높았는데, 이들 실험구간에는 유의적 차가 없었다(P<0.05). 혈액성상 중 헤마토크리트(Hematocrit)는 대조구에서 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). Hemoglobin은 9.5-11.6 (g/100m1)로 전실험구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P<0.05). AST는 D$_{7}$실험구가 가장 높았으며, ALT와 TP는 모든 실험구에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). Glucose는 D$_{5}$실험구가 가장 높았으며, Cholesterol은 D$_{4}$실험구가 다른 실험구들에 비해 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 전어체내 고도불포화지방산 함량에 있어서 대조구는 나머지 실험구들에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며, D$_1$, D$_4$ 실험구와 D$_2$-D$_{7}$, 실험구간 사이에서는 각각 유의적인 차이가 없었다. HUFA/SFA비율에 있어서 D$_2$, D$_3$, D$_{6}$이 D$_1$에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났지만 D$_1$, D$_4$, D$_{5}$, D$_{7}$, 실험구간 그리고 D$_2$-D$_{7}$, 실험구간 사이에서는 각각 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). DHA/EPA의 비율에 있어서 D$_{7}$이 유의적으로 높았으며, D$_{5}$가 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 상기의 결과를 토대로, 성장과 전어체내 지방산조성에 있어서 뱀장어 치어의 사료내 EPA와 DHA의 첨가효과 미약한 것으로 판단되며, 사료내 LNA (n-3)와 LA(n-6) HUFA을 각각 0.35%, 0.65% 첨가했을 때 WG, SGR, FE, PER이 가장 높았으나, 이전의 실험(Takeuchi, 1980)과 동일한 수준인 n-3와 n-6를 각각 0.5%씩 첨가한 실험구와는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이렇게 볼 때, 뱀장어 치어의 필수지방산은 LNA (n-3), LA (n-6)이고, 그 적정수준은 각각 0.35-0.5%, 0.5-0.65%임을 보여준다.

영양 강화제 종류에 따른 rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis의 생화학적 조성 (Biochemical Composition of Rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis Enriched with Different Commercial Enrichments)

  • 박흠기
    • 한국양식학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.187-196
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    • 2004
  • 본 연구는 해산 어류의 성장 및 높은 생존율 개선을 위하여 rotifer의 효율적인 영양 강화제를 선택할 목적으로 여러 가지 영양 강화제의 종류(Enhance, Advantage, Algamac-2000, DHA-Selco및 Advantage+Chlorella)와 영양 강화 시간(6, 12및 24 시간)에 따른 rotifer의 생화학적 조성을 조사하였다. 영양 강화제의 종류에 따른 총 지질은 영양 강화 시간에 따라 증가하였지만, 영양 강화제의 종류 및 영양 강화 시간에 따 른 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 Advantage+Chlorella 실험구를 제외한 rotifer의 총 단백질 함량은 영양 강화 시간에 따라서 감소하는 경향을 보였다 모든 실험구에서 영양 강화된 rotifer의 단백질/지질의 비율은 초기 영양 강화 이전의 rotifer (5.0)보다 감소하는 경향을 보였고 Advantage+Chlorella 실험구에서 2.7로 가장 놀게 나타났다 Enhance, Advantage 및 Advantage+Chlorella로 영양 강화된 rotifer의 phospholipid비율이 Algamac-2000파 DHA-Selco보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 모든 실험구의 rotifer 건조 중량 기준으로 DHA 함량은 영양 강화 시간에 따라 증가되는 경향을 보였고, 24시간 이후 가장 높은 DHA 함량은 Advantage 실험구에서 2.5%로 나타났지만 Algamac-2000 실험구를 제외한 모든 실험구와는 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그리고 n-3 HUFA및 DHA의 함량은 Algamac-2000, DHA-Selco 및 Advantage+Chlorella 실험구의 12시간과 24시간 간의 유의적인 차이는 보이지 알았다. 영양 강화한 rotifer의 DHA/EPA의 비율은 가장 높은 Advantage+Chlorella 실험구의 11:1과 가장 낮은 DHA-Selco 실험구의 4:1과는 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해서 Enhance, Advantage, Advantage+Chlorella로 영양 강화한 rotifer의 phospholipid, DHA/EPA, proteirlipid의 비율이 Algamac-2000및 DHA-Selco의 것보다 높아 모든 해산 어류 자어를 위해서 rotifer의 영양을 개선할 수 있는 효과적인 영양 강화제로 판단된다. 특히, rotifer의 영양 강화시 Chlorella의 첨가는 자어의 성장을 위해서 중요한 protein 함량이 감소되지 않기 때문에 효과적인 방법인 것으로 판단된다.