• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1229-1238
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the relationships of five intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated ${\gamma}3$ subunit [PRKAG3], fatty acid synthase [FASN], calpastatin [CAST], high mobility group AT-hook 1 [HMGA1], and melanocortin-4 receptor [MC4R]) and meat quality traits of Duroc breeding stocks in Korea. A total of 200 purebred Duroc gilts from 8 sires and 40 dams at 4 pig breeding farms from 2010 to 2011 reaching market weight (110 kg) were slaughtered and their carcasses were chilled overnight. Longissimus dorsi muscles were removed from the carcass after 24 h of slaughter and used to determine pork properties including carcass weight, backfat thickness, moisture, intramuscular fat, $pH_{24h}$, shear force, redness, texture, and fatty acid composition. The PRKAG3, FASN, CAST, and MC4R gene SNPs were significantly associated with the meat quality traits (p<0.003). The meats of PRKAG3 (A 0.024/G 0.976) AA genotype had higher pH, redness and texture than those from PRKAG3 GG genotype. Meats of FASN (C 0.301/A 0.699) AA genotype had higher backfat thickness, texture, stearic acid, oleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid than FASN CC genotype. While the carcasses of CAST (A 0.373/G 0.627) AA genotype had thicker backfat, and lower shear force, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid content, they had higher stearic acid content than those from the CAST GG genotype. The MC4R (G 0.208/A 0.792) AA genotype were involved in increasing backfat thickness, carcass weight, moisture and saturated fatty acid content, and decreasing unsaturated fatty acid content in Duroc meat. These results indicated that the five SNP markers tested can be a help to select Duroc breed to improve carcass and meat quality properties in crossbred pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.898-906
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate differences in the faecal microbial composition among Lantang, Bama, Erhualian, Meishan, Xiaomeishan, Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire sows and to explore the possible link of the pig breed with the gut microbial community. Among the sows, the Meishan, Landrace, Duroc, and Yorkshire sows were from the same breeding farm with the same feed. Fresh faeces were collected from three sows of each purebred breed for microbiota analysis and volatile fatty acid (VFA) determination. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed that samples from Bama, Erhualian, and Xiaomeishan sows, which from different farms, were generally grouped in one cluster, with similarity higher than 67.2%, and those from Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire sows were grouped in another cluster. Principal component analysis of the DGGE profile showed that samples from the foreign breeds and the samples from the Chinese indigenous breeds were scattered in two different groups, irrespective of the farm origin. Faecal VFA concentrations were significantly affected by the pig breed. The proportion of acetate was higher in the Bama sows than in the other breeds. The real-time PCR analysis showed that 16S rRNA gene copies of total bacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were significantly higher in the Bama sows compared to Xiaomeishan and Duroc sows. Both Meishan and Erhualian sows had higher numbers of total bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and sulphate-reducing bacteria as compared to Duroc sows. The results suggest that the pig breed affects the composition of gut microbiota. The microbial composition is different with different breeds, especially between overseas breeds (lean type) and Chinese breeds (relatively obese type).

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to assess sperm characteristics in miniature-pig. The semen samples were transported to the laboratory at 17℃ within 3 hours after collection. The extended semen was stored at 17℃, and sperm quality was evaluated at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after storage. The semen volume of miniature-pig (62±22㎖) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of Duroc (155±25㎖) and Yorkshire (154±23㎖). Significant differences were also observed in sperm concentrations. During 3 days of storage, sperm viability did not differ among miniature-pig, Duroc and Yorkshire. However, the viability was significantly (p<0.05) lower in miniature-pig than in Duroc and Yorkshire semen after Day 3 of storage. In abnormality, acrosome intactness and intensity, there were no differences among miniature-pig, Duroc and Yorkshire semen. On the other hand, the viability of frozen-thawed sperm in miniature-pig was significantly (p<0.05) lower than in that of Duroc and Yorkshire. This study also examined CTC patterns in frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The rates of AR pattern were higher in miniature-pig than in Duroc and Yorkshire. However, no difference was found in F, B and AR patterns. The results of present study suggest that further research is necessary to develop of semen extender and freezing methods to improve sperm quality in miniature-pig.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2018

본 연구는 Yorkshire, Duroc, Pietrain, Duroc ${\times}$ Pietrain (DP)의 품종들에서 등심의 육질 특성을 비교하기 위하여 이화학적 분석 및 관능 평가를 실시하였다. 공시 동물은 총 79두(Yorkshire 22두, Duroc 22두, Pietrain 17두, DP 18두) 암퇘지를 이용하여 실험을 진행하였고 돈육의 이화학적 성상, 육색, 지방산 조성 및 관능 평가를 실시하였다. 도축 후 24시간 동안 냉각시킨 후 좌도체로부터 돈육 등심 부위를 발골 및 정형하여 진공포장 후 일반성분 분석, 이화학적 분석 및 관능검사를 실시하였다. 일반성분 분석 결과, pH는 Yorkshire, Duroc, DP가 Pietrain보다 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.01) 수분함량은 Pietrain이 다른 품종들에 비해 가장 높았다(p<0.01). 지방함량은 Duroc($3.69{\pm}1018$)과 DP($3.71{\pm}1.32$)가 유의적으로 가장 높았고 Pietrain이 $1.48{\pm}0.48$로 가장 낮았다(p<0.01). Pietrain은 다른 품종들에 비하여 드립 감량에서 $68.61{\pm}3.58$로 가장 낮았지만(p<0.01) 보수력에서는 $74.67{\pm}0.39$로 가장 높았다(p<0.01). 가열감량과 전단력은 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 육색지수의 경우 명도(L*)와 적색도(a*), 황색도(b*)에서 품종 간의 유의적인 차이가 나타났다(p<0.01). 관능검사의 경우 Pietrain이 다른 품종들에 비해 더 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 통해 품종의 차이에 따라 육질에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2014

본 연구는 우리나라 재래돼지의 고유 특성을 살린 우수한 품종을 개발하기 위하여 수행하였으며, 도체특성은 DK1이, 육질특성과 지방산조성은 DK2가 두록과 비교하여 차이가 없거나 우수한 것으로 나타나 재래돼지를 활용한 우수한 육질의 돼지 품종 개발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2005

본 연구는 종모돈의 정액성상 동결-융해 후 정자의 생존성 그리고 혈청 중 FSH, LH, estradiol-17β 및 testosterone 농도에 미치는 품종과 계절의 영향을 조사하여 우수한 종모돈의 선발을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 요크셔종이 듀록종보다 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울에서 정액량이 많았으며, 정액농도에서는 차이가 없었다. 계절별 정액량은 듀록 및 요크셔종에서 봄철이 여름, 가을 및 겨울철에 비하여 많았고, 정자농도는 차이가 없었다. 듀록종과 요크셔종에서 각각 봄철에 생산한 정자가 여름, 가을 및 겨울철에 생산한 정자보다 동결-융해 후 정자운동성 및 정상첨체 비율이 높았다. 한편 듀록종과 요크셔종에서 동결-융해 후 정자운동성은 모든 계절에서 요크셔종이 높게 나타났으나, 정상첨체에서는 차이가 없었다. 혈청 중 FSH의 농도를 비교한 결과 요크셔종이 듀록종보다 모든 계절에서 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 그러나 두 품종 모두에서 각각 계절 간에 차이가 없었다. 혈청 중 LH와 estradiol-17β의 농도를 비교한 결과 요크셔종과 듀록종 간에 차이가 없었다. 또한 두 품종 모두에서 계절 간에 차이가 없었다. 종모돈의 품종별, 계절별 혈청 중 testosterone의 농도를 비교한 결과 요크셔종이 듀록종보다 모든 계절에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 두품종 모두에서 각각 봄철이 여름, 가을 및 겨울철에 비하여 혈청 중 testosterone의 농도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면, FSH의 농도가 낮을수록 정액생산량이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 혈청 중 testosterone의 농도가 높을수록 동결-융해 정자의 운동성 및 정상첨체의 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

본 연구는 319두의 서로 다른 품종에서 PSE육을 생산하는 PSS 돼지 출현빈도를 조사하였다(Yorkshire 150; Landrace 89 and Duroc 80). PCR-RFLP법을 이용하여 돼지의 모근을 DNA sample로 사용하여, PCR로 증폭된 유전자는 Cfo I 제한 효소로 절단하여 종돈에 존재하는 ryanodine receptor (RYR 1) 돌연변이 유전자의 출현빈도를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 모근에서 추출한 DNA를 주형으로 한 Primary PCR을 수행한 결과 ryanodine receptor 유전자 중 659bp의 증폭산물을 얻었으며, second PCR을 수행한 결과에서는 522 bp의 증폭산물을 얻었다. 이 증폭산물은 porcine ryanodine receptor 유전자의 exon 영역 중 PSS를 유발하는 point mutation(C\longrightarrowT; Arg\longrightarrowCys) 부분을 포함하고 있으므로 Cfo I 제한효소에 의해 분석될 수 있으며, agarose gel 전기영동에 의하여 세 가지의 유전자형으로 분류할 수 있다. 정상 homotype(NN)은 두 개의 DNA band(439, 83bp)로 나타나며, 열성 homotype(nn)은 552 bp의 단일 밴드로 출현한다. 그리고 세 개의 밴드(522, 439 그리고, 83 bp)는 heterotype(Nn)의 잠재성 돼지로 표현된다. Yorkshire종에서는 정상돼지가 98.00%로 나타났으며, hetero 돼지는 2.00% 그리고, PSS돼지는 출현하지 않았다. Landrace 돼지에서는 정상돼지가 87.64%로 나타났으며, hetero 돼지와 PSS패지가 각각 11.24와 1.12%로 나타났으나, Duroc종에서는 정장돼지(NN)만이 출현하였다. 대립 유전자 빈도는 Yorkshire종은 정상 N유전자가 0.990의 비율로 나타났으며, 열성 n 유전자는 0.010의 비율로 출현하였으며, Landrace종에서는 N유전자와 n유전자가 각각 0.933과 0.067의 빈도로 출현하였으며, Duroc종에서는 N 유전자의 빈도가 1.000의 빈도로 나타났으나, n유전자의 빈도는 0.000의 빈도로 나타났다. 3품종 집단 모두에서 Hardy-Weinberg 법칙과 일치하여 유전적 평형을 이루고 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2004

본 연구는 돼지의 품종특이 DNA marker를 이용하여 Large White, Landrace, Duroc의 순종 판별을 가능하게 하기 위해서 실시하였다 순종 판별을 위해 현재 알려져 있는 KIT과 돼지내의 모색과 밀접한 연관성이 있는 MCIR 그리고 mitrochondrial DNA상에서 종 특이적인 현상을 보이는 D-loop 지역의 11-bp 중복과 ND2 유전자의 개시 codon 변이를 이용하였다 품종간의 판별을 위해 KIT 유전자 exon17의 splicing 지역 변이를 활용하여 백색종과 유색종을 분류 하였다. MCIR 유전자의 (N121D)변이를 이용하여 유색종들로부터 Duroc 종이 분류되었다. 그러나 Duroc 이외의 유색종들 간에는 특이한 변이가 발견되지 않아 이 이상의 분류는 불가능 하였다 D-loop 지역의 11-bp 중복현상과 ND2 개시 codon의 변이에 의해 백색종인 Landrace(11-bp비중복과 ATT)종과 Large White(llbp 중복과 ATA) 종을 분류할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 설정된 판별방법을 통하여 Landrace, Large White와 Duroc 종의 순종 판별이 완벽히 가능함을 입증하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1217-1224
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• 2006

The registration data of 15 populations from nine major swine breeding farms were investigated to check levels of inbreeding and the current status of pedigree structures of breeding stocks. The average rate of inbreeding per generation was 0.208%, 0.209%, 0.098%, 0.307% and 0.071% for farms D, S, K, H, and Y in Duroc, 0.071%, 0.188%, 0.685%, 0.336%, and 0.449% for farms S, H, C, J, and W in Landrace, and 0.243%, 0.123%, 0.103%, 0.165%, and 0.286% for farms D, S, G, H, and J in Yorkshire, respectively. The average inbreeding rate was highest for Landrace, intermediate for Yorkshire, and lowest for Duroc farms. In Landrace and Yorkshire populations there were few immigrant animals per generation. In Duroc, however, there were quite large numbers of immigrant animals per generation compared to other breeds. The effective population sizes calculated from the average rate of inbreeding were distributed between 73.0 and 708.7. Specific values were 204.8, 239.7, 508.8, 163.0 and 708.2 for farms D, S, K, H, and Y in Duroc, 708.7, 266.5, 73.0, 148.9, and 111.3 for farms S, H, C, J, and W in Landrace, and 205.5, 406.0, 486.9, 302.6 and 175.0 for farms D, S, G, H, and J in Yorkshire, respectively. The values were acceptable for natural selection for fitness and inbreeding depression. The results showed that there was no cause for concern over the current inbreeding level of major swine breeding farm populations and the inbreeding level was within an acceptable range.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.842-850
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• 2018

Objective: Several studies have reported the development of new molecular methods for the prognosis and diagnosis of male fertility based on biomarkers aimed at overcoming the limitations of conventional male fertility analysis tools. However, further studies are needed for the field application of these methods. Therefore, alternative methods based on existing semen analysis methods are required to improve production efficiency in the animal industry. Methods: we examined the possibility of improving litter size in various pig breeds using combined Hoechst 33258/chlortetracycline fluorescence (H33258/CTC) staining. The correlation between field fertility and capacitation status by combined H33258/CTC staining in different ejaculates spermatozoa (n = 3) from an individual boar (20 Landrace, 20 Yorkshire, and 20 Duroc) was evaluated as well as overall accuracy. Results: The acrosome reacted (AR) pattern after capacitation (%) was positively correlated with the litter size of Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc pigs and the overall accuracy was 75%, 75%, and 70% in Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc pigs, respectively. The difference (${\Delta}$) in AR pattern before and after capacitation was positively correlated with the litter size of Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc pigs and the overall accuracy was 80%, 65%, and 55% in Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc pigs, respectively. However, the difference (${\Delta}$) in capacitated (B) pattern before and after capacitation was negatively correlated with the litter size of Landrace pigs and the overall accuracy was 75%. Moreover, average litter size was significantly altered according to different combined H33258/CTC staining parameters. Conclusion: These results show that combined H33258/CTC staining may be used to predict male fertility in various breeds. However, the selection of specific efficiency combined H33258/CTC staining parameters requires further consideration. Taken together, these findings suggest that combined H33258/CTC staining may constitute an alternative method for predicting male fertility until such time as fertility-related biomarkers are further validated.