• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1485-1490
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• 2008

Dumbbell-shaped aromatic amphiphilic molecules consisting of a dodeca-p-phenylene as a rigid segment and oligoether dendrons as a flexible chains were synthesized, characterized, and their aggregation behavior was investigated in the bulk and at the air-water interface. In contrast to the molecule 2 which shows a nematic liquid crystalline state, molecule 1 based on shorter dendritic chains was observed to self-assemble into a 3-D primitive orthorhombic supercrystal. And molecule 1 at the air-water interface was observed to reorganize from circular plates to ring structures by lateral compressions.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2012

In this report, we demonstrate that the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance mode can be suppressed when the nanorods were in dumbbell shape. The seed nanorods were synthesized by electrochemical deposition of metals into the pores of anodic aluminum oxide templates. The dumbbell-like nanorods were grown from seed Au-Ni-Au nanorods by a rate-controlled seed-mediated growth strategy. The selective deposition of Au atoms onto Au blocks of Au-Ni-Au nanorods produced larger diameter of Au nanorods with bumpy surface resulting in dumbbell-like nanorods. The morphology of nanorods depended on the reduction rate of $AuCl_4^-$, slow rate producing smooth surface of Au nanorods, but high reduction rate producing bumpy surface morphology. Through systematic investigation into the UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, we found that the multiple localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes were available from single-component Au nanorods. And, their LSPR modes of Au NRs with bumpy surface, compared to the smooth seed Au NRs, were red-shifted, which was obviously attributed to the increased electron oscillation pathways. While the longitudinal LSPR modes of smoothly grown Au NRs were blue-shifted except for a dipole transverse LSPR mode, which can be interpreted by decreased aspect ratio. In addition, dumbbell-like nanorods showed an almost disappeared longitudinal LSPR mode. It reflects that the plasmonic properties can be engineered using complex nanorods structure.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.264-267
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• 2011

A 50-year-old man presented bilateral hypesthesia on and below the T6 dermatome and paresthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intraspinal extradural tumor, which located from the 6th thoracic vertebral body to the upper margin of the 7th vertebral body, continuing dumbbell-like through the intervertebral foramen into the right middle thorax suggesting a neurogenic tumor (neurofibroma or neurilemmoma). With the patient in a prone position, we exposed and excised the tumor via a one stage posterior approach through a hemi-laminictomy of T6. Histologic examination showed a grade 1 meningothelial meningioma, according to the World Health Organization classification. Initially, we assumed the mass was a schwannoma because of its location and dumbbell shape. However, the tumor was actually a meningioma. Postoperatively, hypesthesia resolved completely and motor power of the leg gradually full recovered. A postoperative MRI revealed no evidence of residual tumor.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1289-1297
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• 2016

The walls of guard cells have many specialized features. Guard cells are present in the leaves of bryophytes, ferns, and almost all vascular plants. However, they exhibit considerable morphological diversities. There are two types of guard cells: the first type is found in a few monocots, such as palms and corn, and the other is found in most dicots, many monocots, mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms. In corns, guard cells have a characteristic dumbbell shape with bulbous ends. Most dicot and monocot species have kidney-shaped guard cells that have an elliptical contour with a pore at its center. Although subsidiary cells are common in species with kidney-shaped stomata, they are almost always absent in most of the other plants. In this study, there were many different stomatal features that were associated with kidney-shaped guard cells, but not dumbbell shaped guard cells, which are present in most grasses, such as cereals. Each plant investigated exhibited different characteristic features and most of these plants had kidney-shaped guard cells. However, the guard cells of Chamaesyce supina Mold, were often more rectangular than kidney-shaped. In contrast, Sedum sarmentosum guard cells were of the sink ensiform type and in Trifolium repens, the guard cells exhibited a more rhombic shape. Therefore, kidney-shaped guard cells could be divided into a number of subtypes that need to be investigated further.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1995

An upper bound elemental technique (UBET) program has been developed to predict forging load, die-cavity filling, preform in non-axisymmetric forging. To analyze the process easily, it is suggested that the deformation is divided into two different parts. Those are axisymmetric part in corner, plane-strain part in lateral. The plane-strain and axisymmetric parts are combined by building block method. And the total energy is computed through combination of three deformation parts. A dumbbell-type preform has been obtained from height and volumetric compensations of the billet based on the backward simulation. Experimetns have been carried out with pure plasticine at room temperature. Theoretical predictions are in good agreement with expereimental results.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2017

공변세포는 선태류, 양치류 그리고 모든 관다발식물의 잎에서 발견되며, 공변세포벽의 특징은 식물에 따라 매우 다양하고 특수하다. 식물에서 공변세포의 형태적 특징은 단자엽식물과 쌍자엽식물에서 관찰할 수 있는 두 종류로 분류되어 왔다. 일반적으로 단자엽식물은 아령형이고 쌍자엽식물은 콩팥형으로 알고 있다. 그러나 많은 단자엽식물의 공변세포는 콩팥형이다. 벼과에 속하는 옥수수와 벼 그리고 사초과의 공변세포는 아령형이다. 아령형의 공변세포를 보이는 식물은 부세포가 있다. 쌍자엽식물의 공변세포는 대부분 콩팥형이며 부세포가 없는 것이 특징이다. 기공은 공변세포와 부세포로 구성되어 있는 것으로 알고 있으나, 대부분의 쌍자엽식물은 부세포가 없다. 이제까지 단자엽식물은 공변세포 모양이 아령형이며 쌍자엽식물은 콩팥형으로 알고 있으나, 결론적으로 공변세포의 모양은 단자엽식물과 쌍자엽식물에 의해 분류되지 않으며 대부분의 벼과와 사초과를 제외하면 단자엽식물의 공변세포도 콩팥형이다. 돌나물은 공변세포가 가늘고 긴 입술형 그리고 자주달개비의 공변세포는 완벽하게 반달형이다. 따라서 콩팥형의 경우는 식물에 따라 그 모양이 모두 다르다고 할 수 있으며, 아령형의 경우는 그 공변세포의 형태가 비교적 일정하다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.6534-6541
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• 2013

본 연구는 아스팔트 혼합물의 주요 파손 형태인 피로균열과 러팅 저항성을 증가시키기 위한 섬유보강아스팔트 혼합물을 개발하기 위한 연구로서, 보강섬유를 고려한 골재 혼합물의 배합설계법에 대한 연구 결과를 나타내고 있다. 실험을 통하여 다졌을 때와 다지지 않았을 때의 단위중량 및 단위중량 비를 산정하였으며, 굵은 골재와 중간골재의 단위 중량비는 1.100, 1.119, 잔골재의 단위 중량비는 1.137로 굵은 골재나 중간 골재에 비하여 다소 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 부피 개념을 이용하여 특정 골재(4.75mm, #4)를 아령형 보강 섬유로 치환하는 방법을 베일리 방법을 사용하여 확인하였는데 1950g의 혼합물에 0.3%의 보강 섬유를 첨가하였을 때 섬유와 교체되어야 할 PCS골재의 무게는 11.88g으로 계산되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 골재와 보강섬유의 특성을 최대한 설계에 반영할 수 있는 골재의 배합설계 방법 개발을 통하여 기존의 수퍼페이브 배합설계법이 가지는 단점을 극복하고 자원 활용을 극대화 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.510-512
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• 1993

We report rare cases of myxoid chondrosarcoma and meningomyelocele mimicking as neurogenic tumor in the posterior mediastinum. This lesions clinically mimicked neurogenic tumor due to its location and dumbbell shape appearance. The histogenesis of myxoid chondrosarcoma is discussed as skeletal origin from the thoracic vertebrae, and meningomyelocele is ectopic harmatoma lesion of C.N.S. or meningx. This lesions is concluded that distinguished for the differential diagnosis among Neurogenic tumor arising in the posterior mediastinum.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.383-386
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• 2002

The goal of this study is to realize the PBG lowpass filter using novel PBG structure modification both upper layer and ground layer. It has been designed three aperture slots of ground layer for PBG structure which the center slot shape of ground is two type, rectangular and dumbbell. This PBG LPF llas the character of the broader stopband and smaller size than typical LPF. The measurement results have matched the simulated ones. It has the cutoff frequency of each 4.4650Hz and 3.520Hz and at least -2OdB of the signal suppression at the stopband.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권4A호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 뒷면도체를 부동도체로 갖는 CPW 방향성 결합기에서 방향성 향상을 위한 뒷면도체의 변형에 관하여 논하였다. 이때 뒷면도체는 dumbbell 모양의 일반화된 구조와 그 변형구조로 가운데 부분이 완전히 제거된 경우도 가지며, 결합도의 감소를 막기 위한 보완구조로 접지면에서 T자형으로 확장된 슬롯을 함께 사용하였다. T자형 슬롯을 갖고 뒷면도체의 변형을 통한 방향성의 개선방법은 결합도의 큰 감소 없이 방향성 개선을 이룰 수 있다. 1 GHz에서 설계된 T자형 슬롯과 뒷면도체를 갖는 CPW 방향성 결합기는 full-wave analysis를 사용한 EM solver의 계산 결과 및 측정 결과를 통하여 큰 결합특성의 감소 없이 높은 방향성 특성을 가짐을 확인하였다.