• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2006

A transformed hairy root clone of Scutellaria baicalensis was established following infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834. Three root clones of S baicalensis were selected by growth habit and baicalin content. The most active strain-the SR-03 clone-was examined for its growth and baicalin content under various culture conditions. The root growth and baicalin content were maximized in a Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 4 and 6% sucrose, respectively. The accumulation of baicalin in transformed hairy roots was enhanced through exposure to various elicitors. Elicitation was attained by the addition of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and various concentrations of fungal cell wall elicitors to the medium. The accumulation of baicalin in the elicited cultures ranged from 10.5 to 18.3 mg/g dry weight of the roots, which was 1.5- to 3-fold the amount attained in controls.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2005년도 정기총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.3-14
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• 2005

To investigate phytotoxic substances in some donor plants and their biological activities, seed germination and seedling growth of receptor plants were examined at different concentrations of aqueous extracts and essential oils of the donor plants. Germination of some receptor species was inhibited by the extracts, while seedling growth was decreased to a lesser degree than in the germination test. Germination, seedling growth and dry weight growth of Achyranthes japonica grown in pot were proportionally inhibited by the extracts. Volatile substances emitted some donor plants caused inhibitory effects in the germination and seedling growth of the receptor species. Essential oil of the plants extracted by Karlsruker's apparatus Inhibited growth of microorganisms, callus growth and root hair development of receptor plants. The cortical cells at the root tips of Latuca sativa treated with essential oils showed contraction of the cytoplasm, resulting in plasma membranes becoming detached from the cell walls and the cells metamorphosing irregularity. Accumulation of lipid granules Inside contracted cytoplasm and degeneration of mitochondrial cristae were also observed. The GC/MS method was employed for analysis and identification of allelochemicals from donor plants. Sixty-one chemical substances such as camphene, cineole etc. were identified from essential oils of Artemisia argyi.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1976

Effect of some nutrients on the growth of 3 yeast strains in the pulp mill waste liquor was determined during an attempt to lower the BOD content of the waste liquor and to produce the fodder yeast. The strains applied were Debaryomyces castelli Capriotti, D.phoffi Capriotti, and Cryptococcus luteolus (Saito)Skinner. The necessity of the addition of 0.2% ${NH_4}2SO_4$ 0.5% yeast extract, 0.2% $NH_2SO_4$, and 0.1% $MgSO_4$.$7H_2$O for the best growth of all three strains in the waste liquor was ascertained as a result. After 3-day treatment of the yeast cells on the waste liquor, the BOD content was lowered by about 60-70%. Harvested yeast cells contained ca. 75% water with 1.5-3% lipid, 40-46% protein, 50% carbohydrate and 3-5% ash on the dry weight basis, indicating the possibility of being utilized as the fodder yeast.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.124-128
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• 2007

Ganoderma resinaceum tolerated sodium chloride salt stress within a range of 0 mM till 300 mM. It responded to salt stress with fluctuation in proline formation at different NaCl concentrations. However, the mycelial dry weight, total protein contents and exopolysaccharides did not changed considerably. Increasing sodium chloride concentration led to morphological alteration in fungal mycelia with disappearance of fungal cell wall, plasmolysis, and vacuolation as indicated with electron microscopic examination of the fungal growth.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2006

The oxidation behavior and Biocompatibility of pure Ti and Ti-8Ta-3Nb alloy were studied in dry air atmosphere. The specimens showed that Ti-8Ta-3Nb alloy had higher oxidation resistance than pure Ti at $650^{\circ}C$. Cytotoxicity test also revealed that moderate oxidation treatment lower cell toxicity and Ti-8Ta-3Nb alloy showed better results compared with pure Ti. The weight gains during the oxidation increase rapidly at temperature above $600^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.550-558
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• 1998

The experiment was conducted to evaluate CM (Cell Mass from Lysine Fermentation), which is used to produce synthetic lysine in industry, as an alternative protein source in broiler diets. Three different production conditions were employed to produce CMs (CM I, II, III). Treatments were control, CM I -1 (1 % of CM in the diet), CM I -3 (3% of CM in the diet), CM I -5 (5% of CM in the diet), CM II (3% of CM in the diet), and CM III (3% of CM in the diet). It was found that CM products were all high in crude protein content and especially high in lysine and methionine contents, while very low in minerals. For the starter period, all CM groups showed better weight gain, chicks fed CM I -1 diets were especially high in weight gain (p < 0.05). CM groups consumed 14.4 to 18.0% more feed than chicks fed control diets (p < 0.05). The best FCR was found in CM I -1 groups (p < 0.05), but as CM level was increased, FCR was also increased. For the finisher period, weight gain was similar through all treatments. Through whole experimental period, weight gain and feed intake were higher in all CM groups than control group (p < 0.05), however, as CM level was increased, FCR was also increased. Generally chicks fed CM diets showed higher utilizabilities of gross energy, dry matter, crude protein and crude fat. The best nutrients utilizability was obtained in CM I -1 group, and the worst was found in the control group. During the finisher period, the utilizabilities of crude protein, crude ash and phosphorus were not affected by the dietary treatments. Amino acids utilizability was not significantly affected by the treatments except CM I -5 group. In all amino acids tested, chicks did not show the big difference in utilizabilities. Only in the CM I -5 group, amino acids utilizability was significantly lower than control group. However, among CM I groups, the mean value of the amino acids utilizability was decreased as the level of CM inclusion in the diet was increased. During the finisher period, similar trend was found in amino acids utilizability.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2013

미세조류의 지질축적을 증가시키는 것에 대한 돌연변이 생성 및 분리에 관한 연구는 바이오디젤 산업에 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구에서는, 광합성 미세조류인 Nannochloropsis oculata (N. oculata)를 이용하여 자외선(UV-B 타입)으로 돌연변이를 유도하였다. 그 결과 콜로니가 생성되었고, 그 이후에 f/2 액체배지와 고체배지에 배양하였다. 몇 주간 배양후, 변화된 세포성장률과 세포건조중량, 그리고 몇 가지 중요한 세포 구성 요소를 조사하였다. 수천 개의 변이주 중 두 개의 변이주가 야생균주에 비해서 증가된 세포성장과 높은 지질 축적을 보였다. 또한 증가된 세포성장률과 함께 단백질 과발현 현상이 관찰되었다. 그러나 돌연변이주의 클로로필 생합성의 감소를 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.335-340
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine the morphological responses of barley seedlings to NaCl stress and to investigate histological changes of cells with transmission electron microscope(TEM) after NaCl stress. Plant height and root length of 10-day old barley seedlings with NaCl stress were reduced and inhibition level was found to be more severe in the plant height than in the root length. The leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were shorter as well with NaCl stress than without NaCl stress. However, there was no difference in the number of roots between NaCl treatments. The weight of dry matter decreased at higher NaCl concentrations, especially at 100mM NaCl. The water content of shoots tend to decrease at higher NaCl concentrations, but there was no difference in the water content of roots, The reduced sugar content was greatly increase than starch. Cellulose content was higher in NaCl stressed-plant than control, and tended to decreased at higher NaCl concentrations. Lignin content also decreased NaCl stressed-plant but there was no tendency at NaCl stress concentrations. Electric conductivity of cell sap with seedlings was high with NaCl stressed-plant. Amount of cell sap gradually increased with time in the roots than in the shoots, The grana of chloroplasts was changed by 150mM NaCl concentration. The christe of mitochondria in root meristematic sells ruined in structure and cell wall of leaf and root was also ruined by NaCl stress.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1276-1282
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• 2010

In traditional mixotrophic cultures of microalgae, all the inorganic nutrients and organic carbon sources are supplied in the medium before inoculation. In this study, however, an alternative approach was adopted in Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow, a microalga capable of growing mixotrophically on sodium acetate (Na-Ac). First, the cells were grown under 75 ${\mu}Mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$ phototrophically without Na-Ac until the stationary phase and then exposed to five different light regimes by the addition of Na-Ac (e.g., dark, 20, 40, 75, and 150 ${\mu}Mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Dry weight (DW), pigments, and especially cell number in alternative mixotrophy (AM) were higher than traditional mixotrophy (TM). Cell number in AM almost doubled up from 21.7 to $42.9{\times}10^4$ cells/ml during 5-day exposure to Na-Ac, whereas the increase was only 1.2-fold in TM. Maximum cell density was reached in 75 ${\mu}Mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$ among the light intensities tested. We propose that Na-Ac in TM of H. pluvialis can not be utilized as efficiently as in AM. With this respect, AM has several advantages against TM such as a much higher cell density in a batch culture period and minimized risk of contamination owing to the shorter exposure of cells to organic carbon sources. In consequence, this method may be used for other strains of the species, and even for the other microalgal species able to grow mixotrophically.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2011

Purple non-sulfur (PNS) bacterium $Rhodobacter$ $sphaeroides$ KD131 was studied with the aim of achieving maximum hydrogen production using various carbon and nitrogen sources at different pH conditions. Cells grew well and produced hydrogen using $(NH_4){_2}SO_4$ or glutamate as a nitrogen source in combination with a carbon substrate, succinate or malate. During 48h of photo-heterotrophic fermentation under 110$W/m^2$ illumination using a halogen lamp at $30^{\circ}C$, 67% of 30mM succinate added was degraded and the hydrogen yield was estimated as 3.29mol $H^2$/mol-succinate. However, less than 30% of formate was consumed and hydrogen was not produced due to a lack of genes coding for the formate-hydrogen lyase complex of strain KD131. Initial cell concentrations of more than 0.6g dry cell weight/L-culture broth were not favorable for hydrogen evolution by cell aggregation, thus leading to substrate and light unavailability. In a modified Sistrom's medium containing 30mM succinate with a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 12.85 (w/w), glutamate produced 1.40-fold more hydrogen compared to ammonium sulfate during the first 48h. However, ammonium sulfate was 1.78-fold more effective for extended cultivation of 96h. An initial pH range from 6.0 to 9.0 influenced cell growth and hydrogen production, and maintenance of pH 7.5 during photofermentation led to the increased hydrogen yield.