• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.183-192
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare female nursing college students with respect to drinking habit, drinking motives, and drinking problems. (Ed note: confirm edited version; original is a bit unclear in intent) Subjects include nursing college students in some areas, and data were collected between April and May, 2018. A total of 181 questionnaires were analyzed. The frequency analysis was used to examine the differences between the normal and drinking-problem groups. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations of drinking problems, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors related to drinking problems. The findings show that the frequency of drinking, rate of drinking, drinking motives, life stress, and prior experiences with drinking problems recorded a high risk ratio for drinking problems. Specifically, the group with a drinking frequency of 2~3 times per week showed a risk ratio that was 21.53 times higher than the group with a drinking frequency of 1~4 times per year. The group of higher drinking motives recorded a risk ratio that was 5.96 times higher than the group of lower drinking motives. The group of higher experiences with drinking problems showed a risk ratio that was 8.80 times higher than the group of lower experiences with drinking problems. In conclusion, the frequency of drinking, rate of drinking, drinking motives, life stress, and experiences with drinking problems were factors highly related to the drinking problems in female college students. The results highlight that careful evaluation of drinking habit of college students are needed. Moreover, periodic temperance education and programs designed to identify and prevent drinking problems are necessary to lower the risk of developing drinking problems and promote a safe drinking culture.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.739-745
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• 1999

This study was to investigate the changes in food habit, nutrition knowledge, and nutrition attitude of 406 university students during nutrition course and to find topics to be more emphasized at the lecture. The survey was conducted at the beginning and the end of nutrition course. Before instruction, BMIs of male and female students were 21.5 2.0 and 19.3 1.6 respectively, and after that those were 21.7 1.9 and 19.2 1.8, respectively. There was no significant change in BMI during nutrition course. After instruction, there was an somewhat increase in response to focus on meal to maintain health instead of exercise, even though this change was not significant. While the rate of skipping meals had not decreased, that of overeating had significantly decreased. Students considering changes food balance at meal seemed to be increasing during nutrition course. During nutrition course, there were no significant changes in the habits of smoking and alcohol drinking except in the amount of smoking and the rate of male's alcohol drinking. The nutrition knowledge score had increased from 9.9 $\pm$ 1.8 point to 10.8 $\pm$ 1.8 point and the uncertainty of knowledge had decreased significantly. Also, there was a significant increase in the nutrition attitude score from 66.3 $\pm$ 7.0 point to 68.3 $\pm$ 7.2 point. The nutrition knowledge score was significantly correlated with the nutrition attitude score. In female group, but there was no significant difference between male and female in the nutrition attitude score. These results suggest that nutrition course help university students change their food habit, nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude and the content of the lecture need to be strengthened especially in the part of smoking and alcohol drinking.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 1988

This study is intended to investigate the demographic characteristics and socio-economic status of students, and to reveal the correlations between food habit and health condition by Todai health Index. The results of this study were summerized as followes: 1) the sex ratio of the subjects was 309 males: 129 females. Mean score of the food habit was 7,56 in males and 8.88 in females. The subjects were included in Fair and Poor group generally. Food habit score of students living their own home were significantly higher generally. Food habit score of students living their own home were significantly higher than those of the others (Lodging & Relatives, Self-Boarding, Dormitory, and so forth). 2) In males and females, mean of height and weight were 171.6cm, 62.1kg and 159.9cm, 50.9kg, respectively. Though there was insignificant difference in the physical index according to food habit score in general, there was a special trend in case of male that the higher food habit score they have, the higher physical index they get. The subjects with low food habit score showed the higher THI point in Life-irregularity, Straight-forwardness, depression and Sufferings than those with high food habit score. The female subjects with high food habit score showed the lower THI point in depression, on the contrary, showed higher in vanity. There was significant correlation between instant food, drinking and smoking and THI point.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate demographic and disease-related characteristics that influence lower urinary tract symptoms in middle-aged women. Methods: The participants in this study were 301 middle-aged women and they completed structured questionnaire between May to June, 2008. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were measured with Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms-short form (BFLUTS-SF) and categorized as voiding, filling and incontinence symptoms. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS PC 15.0 version. Results: The participants who have higher economic status and drink alcohol were more likely to have LUTS score than other woman who have lower economic status and don't drink alcohol at all. Also, frequent childbirth experiences and chronic diseases conditions such as diabetes and heart disease are positively associated with LUTS score. The symptoms of filling and incontinence were affected by number of childbirth, alcohol drinking habit and chronic disease conditions while voiding symptom was influenced only by alcohol drinking habit. In multiple regression analysis, LUTS were significantly predicted by parity, drinking carbonated beverage and alcohol. Conclusion: For proper nursing care related to lower urinary tract symptoms, nursing intervention should focus on improving alcohol drinking habit and carbonated beverage comsumption.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

In modern society, the amount of alcohol ingestion is increasing at a dangerous level, especially among women. One of reason for increased alcohol consumption is stress caused by social pressures. Alcohol is a kind of depressant of centric nervous system, so it can induce relaxation of body and decrease the stress. The evidence on the effects of alcohol on the fetus is somewhat hazy, whereas that of smoking is quite clear. The literature on the ingestion of alcohol strongly suggests that drinking during pregnancy is associated with teratogenic effect and low birth weight. Therefore, the adverse effect of alcohol ingestion during pregnancy must be informed to public. More remarkable warning sign about alcohol ingestion must be attached on the top of bottles. This can be an effective measure for public education. Also legal sanction or tax imposition for the production of liquor be required. First of all, drinking habit or drinking culture must be changed. In fact, the strongest motivation of drinking in adolescent is a peer pressure which is related to drinking habit or culture. Secondly, early detection and treatment must be required to prevent from fetal alcohol syndrome. Accordingly, drinking history of pregnant women must be assessed as early as possible and health professional should give a warning about the abstinence of alcohol to drinking women. Thirdly, to minimize the adverse effects for mother, withdrawal syndrome by alcohol ingestion must be treated. to correct the malformation by fetal alcohol syndrome(FAS) can be corrected. Sometimes surgical intervention may be required for this purpose.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2004

There are many concerns about the use and abuse of both licit and illicit substances among adolescents. This study was performed to understand the drinking status and drinking behaviur of middle school students. Self reports on drinking behaviur, dietary habits and one-day dietary records were obtained from 213 boys and 202 girls using anonymous questionnaires. One hundred and forty five of 415 students(34.9%) have experienced drinking and 48.3% of them initiated it at primary school. The motivation for first drinking was different between boys and girls; ' after sacrificial rite' for boys, ' curiosity' for girls. The most plausible reasons for drinking were ' boredom' and ' stress reduction' , and they felt the strongest desire to drink when they felt ' anger or frustration' Drinking behavior was not significantly different between male and female student except in the motivation for first drinking. But interestingly, the girls drank with friends mostly, while the boys drank with their parents. Drinking-experienced students showed significantly high rates of skipping meals and in particular skipping breakfast. DVS was found as $14.71\pm{4.51}$ and $13.95\pm{4.69}$ in non-drinking and drinking, respectively. This study showed that the drinking experience of middle school students were initiated earlier in primary school, and that drinking behavior of female students was not different with that of male student.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.116-124
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was performed to measure the influence of drinking motives, drinking refusal self-efficacy, and self-determination on the intention to control drinking among nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done with the participation of 258 nursing students attending four universities in G city. Data collection was conducted from May to June, 2018, using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The average scores for drinking motives, drinking refusal self-efficacy, self-determination, and intention to control drinking were 2.29, 4.54, 3.89, and 4.29 respectively. There were significant differences in the intention to control drinking according to grade, religion, and age of alcohol initiation. The factors influencing the intention to control drinking in nursing students were identified as self-determination (${\beta}=.24$), drinking refusal self-efficacy (${\beta}=.17$) and drinking motives (${\beta}=-.17$). This factor explained 26% of the nursing students' intention to control drinking. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to develop a alcohol education program to improve the drinking culture of nursing college students and to improve their self-regulation skills in order to help them form a desirable drinking habit, and it is also necessary to apply the developed intervention program and test the effect.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2001

Objectives: Alcohol intake has been reported to be a risk factor of laryngeal cancer. Since the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype is a major determinant of personal alcohol drinking habit, there is a possibility that ALDH2 genotype would be a risk factor for laryngeal cancer. N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a detoxifying enzyme and its polymorphism has been reported to be related to the risk of many environmental cancers. However, studies on the associations between these two genotypes and laryngeal cancer risk are scarce. We have assessed the effects of alcohol intake and the genotype of ALDH2 and NAT2 on the risk of laryngeal cancer in Koreans. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four pathologically proven laryngeal cancer patients and 168 age matched controls were included as the study subjects. Information about alcohol intake and smoking habit was collected using a self administered questionnaire. ALDH2 and NAT2 genotypes were analyzed using PCR-RFLP methods. Results: Alcohol intake was significant as a risk factor for laryngeal cancer (OR : 2.58, 95% CI : 1.24, 5.36), especially for supraglottic laryngeal cancer (OR : 3.24, 95% CI : 1.02, 10.31). Personal drinking habit was closely related with personal smoking habit, which was a potent risk factor of laryngeal cancer. In a stratified analysis according to the level of cumulative smoking amount, drinking was significant neither in light smokers (equal or less than 30 pack-years) nor in heavy smoker (over 30 pack-years). The ALDH2 genotype was significantly associated with the risk of laryngeal cancer in a univariate analysis. The statistical significance, however, disappeared after adjusting alcohol intake using a multiple conditional logistic model. The NAT2 genotype was not significant as a risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Conclusion: Alcohol drinking and ALDH2 genotype would have indirect effects on laryngeal cancer by their correlations with cigarette smoking or with alcohol drinking. It is less likely that the NAT2 genotype would be a potent risk factor of laryngeal cancer.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.171-188
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• 2003

This study, based on stages of behavioral change, was aimed at suggesting strategies for the adoption of moderate drinking habits for community-based health education designed to help rural people. An interview survey was conducted during the period from March 4 to April 5, 2002 by sampling 467 rural people living in 6 villages covered by a public healthcare clinic. The results of this study can be summarized as follows； 1. The perceived non-moderate drinkers were less prepared for behavioral change. 2. The heavier drinking habits were ‘drinking alone’, ‘meals accompanied by drinking’ and ‘drinking twice or more at a time’. The agricultural off-season and the custom of brewing liquor at home were negative environmental factors for moderate drinking. 3. The predisposing factors affecting moderate drinking were recognition of health, expectation of the drinking effect, etiquette encouraging overdrinking and control of drinking. The reinforcing factors were stress from ordinary life and perception of being loved. The enabling factor was accessibility to the public healthcare clinic. 4. Rural residents are less motivated to participate in health education for moderate drinking. Based on the above findings, health education strategies for each stage can be suggested as follows： 1) Pre-contemplation stage： improvement of perception, motivation, sharing of experiences, and reawakening. 2) Contemplation/preparation stag e： measurement of value, departure from the inertia against a change, formation of a habit, and reinforcement of the behavior. 3) Action/maintenance stage： creation of a social atmosphere, encouragement of participation, change of life style, and improvement of environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.424-434
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• 2002

Food habit, eating-out pattern, smoking and drinking habits of 814 elderly (aged over 60) living in Incheon were surveyed by questionnaire. The ratio of the elderly who have balanced meals at moderate amount was slightly higher in urban area. Urban elderly tended to have mild foods, while rural elderly preferred hot and salty foods. Score for food habit was higher in urban elderly and there was no difference between male and female elderly. Most urban elderly had their meal at the public facilities for elderly, while most rural elderly used general restaurant and public room for elderly. Korean foods were the most favorite menu when ate out. Ratio of elderly who have difficulties in chewing was 21.2 and 39.6% for urban and rural elderly, respectively. Many elderly, especially more than 70% of female elderly, prepared the meals for themselves. Rural elderly smoked and drank more than urban elderly and male elderly did more than female elderly.