• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.165-176
• /
• 2018

A demand for user's participation in the designing process, which is called the participation design, is increasing with social change. Practically, however, there is lack of researches on the improvement of the problem in actual design development and participation design effect. In order to understand the field-based participation design effect in view of user's change of awareness on participation design, this study carried out a survey on the change of awareness through a design workshop in which all stakeholders have participated on the subject of agricultural direct sales facilities as a part of participation design programs. Many references were reviewed first to understand the participation design principles and their current research trend. Next, the questionnaire was developed using an effectiveness verification model for an effective analysis. A design workshop as one of the participation design programs was organized and applied for the field response. In order to analyze the effect, the survey on participants' change of awareness was carried out before and after the program. The survey questionnaires were about motivation, knowledge, recognition, function, and participation and asked the design study graduates. The participation design effect was supplemented by additional open questions. As a consequence, the participants in the participation design program showed the noticeable effect in knowledge and function about the agricultural direct sales facilities. It was found that they were also highly satisfied with the participation design result and they recognized an importance of collaboration. This study also showed that a sufficient time schedule considering agricultural village life should be given for a smooth operation of the program and also a working environment is necessary for designing work.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.762-768
• /
• 2019

Doellingeria scabra Thunb. (syn. Aster scaber Thunb.), a perennial herb in the family Asteraceae, is frequently found in the wild mountain regions of Korea. This aim of this work was to measure the characteristics of patchiness of D. scabra in a local population on Mt. Maebong in Taeback-ci, Gangwon-do. The spatial distribution pattern of this species was estimated by analyzing ecological data by methods including the index of dispersion, Lloyd's mean crowding, and Morisita's index. The mean population density of the D. scabra population was 2.94. The D. scabra individuals were uniformly or randomly distributed in small-scale plots and were aggregately distributed in two large-scale plots ($16{\times}32m^2$ and $32{\times}32m^2$). The mean crowding ($M^*$) was 0.916. The mean patchiness index (PAI) was 0.796. Morisita's coefficient tended to decrease the density of the population as the plot size increased. The expected value of Eberhardt's index ($I_E$) in the local population was 2.623. Moran's I of D. scabra significantly differed from the expected value in 6 of 8 cases (75.0%). The first five classes were positive, with four showing statistical significance, indicating similarity among individuals in the first four distance classes (I-IV, 8 m), The results presented here could provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of D. scabra (Korean: chamchwi) and for the rehabilitation and sustainable management of forest ecosystems on Mt. Maebong, as well as on other mountains.

• Journal of Coastal Disaster Prevention
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.163-172
• /
• 2018

To propose the design technique and the execution manual of the LWFS(Lightweight Foamed Soil) method using dredged soil, the operation system for the test-bed integrated management, and to establish an amendment for the domestic quantity per unit and specifications, and a strategy for its internationalization. In order to utilize the dredged soil from the coastal area as a construction material, we constructed the embankment with LWFS on soft ground and monitored its behavior. As a result, it can be expected that the use of LWFS as an embankment material on the soft ground can improve the economic efficiency by reducing the depth and period of soil improvement as well as the uses of nearby dredged soil. To verify the utilization of the dredged soil as a material for light-weighted roadbed, soft ground and foundation ground, and surface processing, perform an experimental construction for practical structures and analyze the behavior. It is expected to be able to improve the soft ground with dredged soil and develop technique codes and manuals of the dredged soil reclamation by constructing a test-bed in the same size of the fields, and establish the criteria and manual of effective dredged soil reclamation for practical use. The application technology of the dredged soil reclamation during harbor constructions and dredged soil reclamation constructions can be reflected during the working design stage. By using the materials immediately that occur from the reclamation during harbor and background land developments, the development time will decrease and an increase of economic feasibility will happen. It is expected to be able to apply the improved soil at dredged soil reclamation, harbor and shore protection construction, dredged soil purification projects etc. Future-work for develop the design criteria and guideline for the technology of field application of dredged soil reclamation is that review the proposed test-bed sites, consult with the institutions relevant with the test-bed, establish the space planning of the test-bed, licensing from the institutions relevant with the test-bed, select a test-bed for the dredged soil disposal area.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of contemporary vocalization and songs in order to learn various vocal methods in musical vocal classes and apply them to students. Musical vocalization methods change and evolve according to the demands of the times. Today, the characteristics of contemporary musicals cannot be limited to anyone genre, and the genre of music as well as the style of work are derived from several genres and coexist. 'The Girl in 14G,' the subject of this study, is a song that appeared in the album of Kristin Chenoweth, a famous American musical actress who uses various vocal techniques. Jeanine Tesori composed this song with various vocal techniques such as Classical, Jazz, Belting, and Mixed Voice to express New York's representative music genres of Broadway Musical, Metropolitan Opera and East Village Jazz. The development of the song consists of a difficult process in which one actor has to act across three different characters in three musical styles and singing methods. Singing 'The Girl in 14G' requires a lot of effort and practice as it is necessary to acquire various vocal techniques, which makes it a good text for students and actors in the educational perspective. As a result, this study confirmed that this song is a representative piece with a solid musical and dramatic composition and is a good example that shows the convergence characteristics of contemporary musical vocal techniques.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.11 no.7
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2021

This research work is to suggest the experimental results capable of solving an initial unsuitability of combustion and environment in a constant volume combustion chamber by using LFG(Land Fill Gas) which consists of 40% CO₂ and 60% CH₄. The experimental condition is set as 0.9~1.6 of air-fuel ratio, 3bar of combustion pressure, 25℃ of room temperature, methane for using gas, and 2.5~4.5 of Pre-chamber hole sizes. As a result, it can be seen that diffusion of initial flame is significantly increased by M3.0 model comparing with other one. The reason for the characteristics is that orifice effect is extremely improved by 0.9, 1.0, and 1.2 of air-fuel ratio comparing with other one. Consequently, this experiment is shown that M3.0 model is partially capable of improving combustion performance than a conventional ignition plug in case of applying to LFG with Pre-chamber design.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.88-97
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to forecast future changes in the construction market following the reorganization of the construction production system by analyzing the possible market size in which general contractors and specialty contractors may participate in each other, and by carrying out a survey. The ratio of correlation between general construction and specialty construction industries was derived by analyzing the relevance of work area of general contractors and specialty contractors, the similarity of registration standards, and the market in which general contractors and specialty contractors may be able to mutually participate. In order to overcome the limitation of previous studies which analyze the changes in construction market based on the statistical data, and to analyze in more detail the impact of reorganization of construction production system from market participants' view, a survey targeting general contractors and specialty contractors for their willingness and method of participating in the mutual market was conducted. As a result of the survey, it was found that 52% of general contractors were willing to participate in the specialized construction market and 55.1% of specialty contractors were willing to participate in the general construction market. It was found that there was a high willingness to participate in the earthworks, reinforced concrete works, facility maintenance and management, water and sewage facility works, and interior works, and high competition is expected for projects with a scale of 500 million to less than 3 billion won. Through this study, it will be possible for general and specialty contractors to understand the changes in the construction market due to the reorganization of the construction industry production system, and to respond effectively to these changes.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2019

This paper aims to identify the characteristics implied in the process of change of Stephen Sondheim's musical style and to derive the structural communication tools that connect the creator and audience and the implications. The strategies that appear in Sondheim's musical works are the following. First, Sondheim's early musical works follow the principles of book musical and emphasize the integration faithful to the basic elements such as the rhythm and meaning of the lyrics. Second, in the era of early postmodernism, Sondheim attempts the principle of extreme deconstruction through the concept musical Company and pursues rational thought through fragmented dramatic flow. Third, while maintaining dramatic linearity to overcome the lack of immersion caused by extreme deconstruction, Sondheim realizes a more elaborate and formalized fusion style of the principles of integration and deconstruction through the choruses and the songs of the characters in Little Night Music and Sweeney Todd. Finally, Sondheim attempts multiple experiments to break down the boundaries of act and scene and to express new subject matters through his works such as Sunday Park with George and Into the Woods. In conclusion, Sondheim's fusion experiments and strategies are the process of finding a framework and a medium of communication to induce dramatic immersion of audience and at the same time create rational thinking about social problems to deliver the message of the creative work with the leading aesthetics of the modern musical's box-office success.

• Journal of Advanced Information Technology and Convergence
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.115-125
• /
• 2019

In this paper, the image is received from the camera and the lane is sensed. There are various ways to detect lanes. Generally, the method of detecting edges uses a lot of the Sobel edge detection and the Canny edge detection. The minimum use of multiplication and division is used when designing for the hardware configuration. The images are tested using a black box image mounted on the vehicle. Because the top of the image of the used the black box is mostly background, the calculation process is excluded. Also, to speed up, YCbCr is calculated from the image and only the data for the desired color, white and yellow lane, is obtained to detect the lane. The median filter is used to remove noise from images. Intermediate filters excel at noise rejection, but they generally take a long time to compare all values. In this paper, by using addition, the time can be shortened by obtaining and using the result value of the median filter. In case of the Sobel edge detection, the speed is faster and noise sensitive compared to the Canny edge detection. These shortcomings are constructed using complementary algorithms. It also organizes and processes data into parallel processing pipelines. To reduce the size of memory, the system does not use memory to store all data at each step, but stores it using four line buffers. Three line buffers perform mask operations, and one line buffer stores new data at the same time as the operation. Through this work, memory can use six times faster the processing speed and about 33% greater quantity than other methods presented in this paper. The target operating frequency is designed so that the system operates at 50MHz. It is possible to use 2157fps for the images of 640by360 size based on the target operating frequency, 540fps for the HD images and 240fps for the Full HD images, which can be used for most images with 30fps as well as 60fps for the images with 60fps. The maximum operating frequency can be used for larger amounts of the frame processing.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.163-185
• /
• 1989

Korean home economics education has around 100 years history. The main aims of home economics education up 1950 had not been changed, they were mainly for the improvement of household-skill to raise both standard of living and life quality as well as womanhood. After 1960's the standard of living drastically improved and the industrialization of Korean society was quite rapidly proceeded from simple to complex one. Because of these changes, I considered that the aims and the contents of home economics education should be reexamined and reshaped. This study motivated me that especially home economics major should be trained to be competent enough to work in industrialized society as much as the input to her college education. As industialization was made progress, family member's diverse role differentiation also occurred from past simple role such as house wife or girl's high school teacher among by home economics major. In this current societal change, most of the home economics major have wish to have opportunities obtaining new kinds of employment rather than obtaining merely teaching work. With this in mind I made a study on college level home economics education of the new adjustment to current and future industrialized Korean society. (1) The full number of officially admissible home economics major in 169 Korean colleges, 70 junior colleges, and one open university were as follows, 7139, 6080, and 230 respectively. The percentages of employed of employed numbers of them for the college and junior college graduates were 26.5 and 39.0 respectively. (2) The certificate qualifications issued to college home economics major are nutritionist (1st grade and 2nd grade), clothes and textilist, home economics teacher (2nd grade for high school) and kindergartener (2nd grade), The qualifications are certified after majoring each field from major departments of college of home economics by Ministrys of Labour and Education of the Korean government. The percentages of their employment are low as mentioned earlier. (3) To find out new employment opportunity for home economics graduates in home economist in business (henceforce/HEIB) status quo of consumer division for mational enterprise was surveyed. According to govermment decree of general law of consumer protection (1980), enterprise should organize bureau (offics, subdivision) on liability to consumer's complaint. Of 89.6% of the enterprise established th subdivision in which 96.2% of employee was male (3.8% was female). Of the employee college graduate and high school graduate were 93.2% and 6.8% respectively. On the employee's major acadmic backgroud (%), economics and business administration, engineering and low-political science were 39.5, 26.2 and 11.2 respectively. (4) To study on the relation between home economics and home economist in business, the aspect of historical development of HEIB, group of HEIB employing enterprise and their nature of business were tried to find out as well as perception and evaluation by enterprise on HEIB. (a) In the united States of America employed home economics major to enterprise was organized autonomously HEIB subdivision within American Home Economics Association since 1920's and the membership of HEIB was 3,000 of the AHEA membership 50,000. (b) In Japan the Japanese founder HEIB had three times the bilateral congress with the U.S.HEIB and had 10th anniversary celebration in 1988. Japanese HEIB member are not necessary to be home economics graduates but should have certificate as consumer adviser effected by the Minister of Trade and Industry. Japanese subdivision of consumer affaire within Japanese enterprise employ the consumer adviser with the certificate. Because of this different system from the United Sates, Japanese HEIB call their title "HEEB" instead of HEIB. The Japanese consumer adviser certificate system had initiated since 1980 and it belongs to 2nd level national qualification certificate. Currently active membership of Japanese "HEEB" association had increased from 115 (in 1979) to 319 in 1988. (5) For the opening of the future new employment of home economics graduates to enterprise and qualification required for the HEIB by national enterprise in Korea, I studied on the courses which seem to be important and required by employee in the field of HEEB in the United States of America and preliminary curriculum for home economics related major student aimning to be the future "HEEB" by Japanese HEEB study group of Japanese Association of Home Economics. It is suggested that it is very important and urgent to realize as home economics educator to have common deep concern and endeavors on opening new employment for our home economics major student1), we should try to publicize strongly and let enterprise and consumer protection board realize that employee in the subdivision of consumer protection should be the one who well experienced home economics major graduates2), we, home economics educator, should try to develop actively new curriculum in line of the suggestion made earlier for our future home economics major student of open broadly their future employment opportunities3), we, home economics educators, should try to have consensus on whether we should have support from government in terms of receiving national qualification certificate on consumer pretection or not4), and I would appreciate if the Korean Home Economics Association and Korean Home Management Society paydeep and positive concern on this matter.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.42 no.12
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2005

This work proposes a 10b 100 MS/s $1.4\;mm^2$ CMOS ADC for low-power multimedia applications. The proposed two-step pipeline ADC minimizes chip area and power dissipation at the target resolution and sampling rate. The wide-band SHA employs a gate-bootstrapping circuit to handle both single-ended and differential inputs with 1.2 Vp-p at 10b accuracy while the second-stage flash ADC employs open-loop offset sampling techniques to achieve 6b resolution. A 3-D fully symmetrical layout reduces the capacitor and device mismatch of the first-stage MDAC. The low-noise references are integrated on chip with optional off-chip voltage references. The prototype 10b ADC implemented in a 0.18 um CMOS shows the maximum measured DNL and INL of 0.59 LSB and 0.77 LSB, respectively. The ADC demonstrates the SNDR of 54 dB, the SFDR of 62 dB, and the power dissipation of 56 mW at 100 MS/s.