• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2009

Purpose: Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was usually performed by the batch assay. To improve the efficiency of RIA without increase of the cost and time, random assay could be a choice. We investigated the possibility of the random assay using automatic dispenser by assessing the agreement between batch assay and random assay. Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed with four items; Triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), Prostate specific antigen (PSA), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In each item, the sera of twenty patients, the standard, and the control samples were used. The measurements were done 4 times with 3 hour time intervals by random assay and batch assay. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the standard samples and patients' data in T3, fT4, PSA, and CEA were assessed. ICC (Intraclass correlation coefficient) and coefficient of correlation were measured to assessing the agreement between two methods. Results: The CVs (%) of T3, fT4, PSA, and CEA measured by batch assay were 3.2$\pm$1.7%, 3.9$\pm$2.1%, 7.1$\pm$6.2%, 11.2$\pm$7.2%. The CVs by random assay were 2.1$\pm$1.7%, 4.8$\pm$3.1%, 3.6$\pm$4.8%, and 7.4$\pm$6.2%. The ICC between the batch assay and random assay were 0.9968 (T3), 0.9973 (fT4), 0.9996 (PSA), and 0.9901 (CEA). The coefficient of correlation between the batch assay and random assay were 0.9924(T3), 0.9974 (fT4), 0.9994 (PSA), and 0.9989 (CEA) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of random assay showed strong agreement with the batch assay in a day. These results suggest that random assay using automatic dispenser could be used in radioimmunoassay.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.182.1-182.1
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• 2016

전자빔의 운동에너지를 변화시켜 전자기장을 발생시키는 진공튜브 장치는 기본적으로 전자빔 발생부인 전자총을 핵심 구성부로 사용한다. 이러한 전자총을 이용하는 진공튜브로는 핵융합을 위해 플라즈마 가열용의 RF를 발생시키는 자이로트론 튜브와 방사광 가속기에서 전자를 가속시키는데 이용되는 클라이스트론 튜브 등이 있으며, 군사적으로는 레이더를 비롯하여 유도미상일에 들어가는 탐색기, 전투기에서 사용되는 송수신용 마이크로파 발생장치 등의 핵심부품인 진행파관 진공튜브 등이 있다. 이러한 응용분야에서는 기본적으로 고출력의 전자파를 필요로 하기 때문에 반도체를 이용한 장치로는 그 성능을 구현할 수 없다. 따라서 열음극을 사용하는 전자총을 기반으로 한 다양한 형태의 진공튜브 장치가 주로 이용되고 있다. 현재 고출력 마이크로파 진공튜브용 열음극 전자총은 대부분 외국에서 수입하고 있는데 그 이유는 전자총의 핵심 부품인 열음극 캐소드를 국내에서 개발하지 못하였기 때문이다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 텅스텐 기반의 함침형 열음극 캐소드를 국내에서 자체 개발하는데 성공하였다. 전통적으로 미국에서 개발해온 함침형 열음극 캐소드는 텅스텐 소결체에 기공을 학보하고 여기에 Ba을 중심으로 한 알칼리성 물질들을 일정비율로 혼합하여 함침한 것으로 일함수 2.1~2.3 eV 수준의 물성을 갖는다. 이에 따라 방출할 수 있는 전류의 양은 운용 온도 $1000^{\circ}C$ 정도에서 전류밀도로 대략 수 $A/cm^2$ 수준이다. 본 연구에서 개발한 캐소드는 S-type으로 알려진 것으로 BaO : CaO : $Al_2O_3$ = 4 : 1 : 1 비율로 함침되었다. 고진공장치에서 전류측정 결과 $1040^{\circ}C$에서 $10.6A/cm^2$의 전류밀도를 기록하였으며 이에 대하여 Richardson-Dushman equation으로 계산하였을 때, 약 1.9 eV의 일함수를 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 현재 많은 응용분야에서 사용하고 있으며 함침형 캐소드에 Os이나 Ir 등의 물질을 코팅하여 일함수를 낮추고 전류밀도를 향상시킨 M-type 캐소드의 결과와 유사한 수준이다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2004

Ultraviolet-nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) is a promising method for cost-effectively defining nanoscale structures at room temperature and low pressure. A 5${\times}$5${\times}$0.09 in. quartz stamp is fabricated using the etch process in which a Cr film was employed as a hard mask for transferring nanostructures onto the quartz plate. FAS(Fluoroalkanesilane) is used as a material for anti-adhesion surface treatment on the stamp and a thin organic film to improve adhesion on a wafer is formed by spin-coating. The low viscosity resin droplets with a nanometer scale volume are dispensed on the whole area of the coated wafer. The UV-NIL experiments have been performed using the EVG620-NIL. 370 nm - 1 m features on the stamp have been transferred to the thin resin layer on the wafer using the multi-dispensing method and UV-NIL process. We have measured the imprinted patterns and residual layer using SEM and AFM to evaluate the potential of the process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2014

Mixture of hydrogen and natural gas HCNG mixing equipment production and refueling experiment were performed for supply and product. Hydrogen and CNG in 30 : 70 ratio is mixing of HCNG was performed using ratio control. HCNG refueling method was calculated after reading the pressure of tank for full refuel, amount refuel. Both full refuel and amount refuel results mixed ratio 30 : 70 in the error limits of $H_2{\pm}2%$ met the criterion. HCNG composition analysis result in refueling tank using gas chromatography is satisfying the error limits in refuel tank 30 : 70 ratio were confirmed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.365-372
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• 2017

Finger electrodes on a crystalline silicon solar cell are required to be constructed as narrow and thick as possible in order to minimize shading losses and electrical resistance. The most common means to construct high-aspect ratio finger electrodes has been screen-printing, but it has difficulty achieving fine finger electrodes because the as-printed finger width is generally wider by 1.3-2.2 times the screen opening width. Consequently, it requires an extremely small screen opening (below $30{\mu}m$) in order to achieve a finger width below $40{\mu}m$. However, the use of such a small screen opening could result in various problems, such as high printing pressure, defective transport of silver paste, and high electrical resistance due to unfavorable mesh marks left on the finger electrodes. In this study, dispensing printing with a screw pump is introduced as an alternative to conventional screen-printing and its unique traits in the front side metallization of crystalline silicon solar cells is discussed.

• Archives of design research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 1992

Since 80th, in the monetary markets due to the escalation of creditable promptness dealing of financial goods, Korea monetary business has been confronted with structual contradictions. The first like a men power reduction, inorder to meet and satisfying with cost reduction policy of the holding firms and secondly, escalation and expention of business networks or facilities inorder to meet and satis~'ing with customers continuously seeking for prompt, acurate, and helpfulness service nearly like one similar to a door to door service. Accordingly, the firms eventually poured mere sweaty money into procuring such devices for upgrading. On the contrary, however, regardless the escalation monetary expenditure may be, inorder to promote quality of the same devices are keen necessary because present days customer groups were tended to receives ample service almost like door to door service without moving too$$\mu$h apart from the immediate spot where they belongs tl or veryspot of where actually they spend instead of deep consideration of natures, quality or sttractiveness of service medias what they can received from. Under the present circumstance, the financial business firms, however, would highly suffering and recei\ulcornerves pressures from imblalance natures ofincoming and out go of the business budget due to excessive inc1ease of managerial expences. For these reasons, therefor, in order to solves, compensates, improves, and developes most effective fina\ulcornerncial service for customers can use under most pleasant environment, the establishment of adequate standardization of such service devices based on the foregoing environmental circumstances. This analytical study, therefor, mainly aimed and emphasized based on pre- estimatimation of proper de\ulcornervlopment and use of the unattended servicing devices such as Cash Dispenser and Auto Teller Machine bygeneralization, automating. and innovation of design to meet compactness and door to door like convenient service for customers which can be achieved by performing constant comparative analysis and continual study toward development of such devices those of which produced by Five (5) major domestic producers aro~nd the country.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.5 no.2 s.15
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• pp.33-36
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• 2006

Many issues arose to use the Pb-free solder as adhesive materials in MEMS ICs and packaging. Then this study for easy and simple sealing method using adhesive materials was carried out to maintain hermetic characteristic in MEMS Package. In this study, Hermetic characteristic using negative PR (XP SU-8 3050 NO-2) as adhesive at the interface of Si test coupon/glass substrate and Si test coupon/LTCC substrate was examined. For experiment, the dispenser pressure was 4 MPa and the $200\;{\mu}m{\Phi}$ syringe nozzle was used. 3.0 mm/sec as speed of dispensing and 0.13 mm as the gap between Si test coupon and nozzle was selected to machine condition. 1 min at $65^{\circ}C$ and 15 min at $95^{\circ}C$ as Soft bake, $200\;mj/cm^2$ expose in 365 nm wavelength as UV expose, 1 min at $65^{\circ}C$ and 6 min at $95^{\circ}C$ as Post expose bake, 60 min at $150^{\circ}C$ as hard bake were selected to activation condition of negative PR. Hermetic sealing was achieved at the Si test coupon/ glass substrate and Si test coupon/LTCC substrate. The leak rate of Si test coupon/glass substrate was $5.9{\times}10^{-8}mbar-l/sec$, and there was no effect by adhesive method. The leak rate of Si test coupon/LTCC substrate was $4.9{\times}10^{-8}mbar-l/sec$, and there was no effect by dispensing cycle. Better leak rate value could be achieved to use modified substrate which prevent PR flow, to increase UV expose energy and to use system that controls gap automatically with vision.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 1994

Flight behavior of Mntsucoccus thunbergianae males and their response to the synthetic sex pheromone, (6R.lOR)-matsuone, were studied in Pinus thunbergiana forests More males were flying around the tree crown than near the ground. A dispenser loaded w~th 50 vg of the pheromone appeared to affect the density of male flights less than 10 meters Sticky traps with 50 pg of the pheromone attracted flylng males, but those with 1 pg were not effectwe in a forest wlth high crown closure, more males were tmpped at upper crown level than near the ground whereas males appeared to be more responsive to pheromone near the ground in a forest with low crown closure Monitoring new scale iniestations with pheromone mps was much more effective than egg sac surveys, the customary detecting procedures Maiing disruption was not achieved by placing 32 mg of pheromone m a space of l X l X l meter.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.67-73
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• 2019

Hydrogen is difficult to accurately measure the amount of charge due to sudden temperature changes and pressure rise when charging the vehicle. In order to construct a hydrogen infrastructure, it is important to precisely measure the amount of charge that can be a sensitive issue in commercial transactions. In this study, the accuracy of metering of domestic hydrogen stations was evaluated as a study for metering management of hydrogen dispenser. For the experiment, we constructed metering system using master meter method and measured the flow rate in the actual hydrogen vehicle charging environment. As a result of error occurred about 10% on average, and the hydrogen loss per one charge was found to be up to 60g.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.1 s.109
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• pp.73-81
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• 2005

Stockigt sizing test, which is readily affected by individual tester's bias as well as testing conditions in recognizing red coloration, had to be modified to improve its reliability and reproducibility. The novel testing system with the automatic recognizing program of red coloration was developed with the auxiliary equipments including an automatic liquid dispenser and a specimen shifter. The analysis program used a hue value of a droplet image in recognizing a point of time on red coloration instead of RGB values that are not similar to human perception of color. Hue was more sensitive in recognizing the red coloration of a droplet than the other two factors, Saturation and Value. During the test, the program records the time consumed up to a specific hue value of a droplet on a specimen. Differently from the conventional test, the automatic test could obtain a reliable and reproducible sizing degree with a minor error. Furthermore, the Stockigt sizing degree measured by the automatic system showed great correlations with contact angle and Hercules sizing degree. It means that such great correlations will contribute to the development of an integrated measuring system capable of predicting contact angle, surface tension, surface energy and Hercules sizing degree of paper and paperboards through the Stbckigt sizing test. It was meaningful to note that the automatic system for Stbckigt sizing test might be able to used to predict contact angle, Hercules and Cobb sizing degree, based upon the high correlation coefficients.