• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.394-405
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a differentiated instruction-learning reflecting various characteristics and demands of the gifted underachievers, and thereby help to develop the study attitude and study achievement of the gifted underachievers. To achieve the purpose, a case study on five gifted underachievers who are in $6^{th}$ grade of elementary school was conducted. By collecting and analyzing a variety of data including standardized tests, interviews with teachers, students, and parents, and observation journals, this researcher examined the characteristics and demands of the gifted underachievers. For the development of the program, differentiated strategies were designed according to students' interest and concern, their multiple-intelligence, and their learning styles. As a result of the application of them, a program with a total of 20 sections was finally developed. The result of the application for the differentiated instruction-learning program revealed improvements in their academic achievements. In addition, it was found that their learning motives were improved. The program was also found to affect their self-concept and their attitude toward learning. The study showed that developing an education program for the gifted underachievers should begin from the analysis of each student's characteristics. Also, it was found that a differentiation strategy could become an alternative to apply various characteristics and demands of the gifted underachievers to the development of a program. The gifted underachievers' intellectual and definitive characteristics were changed even by the short-term mediation. Therefore, the new issue about educating the gifted is to provide a differentiated instruction-learning program fitting their characteristics and demands and help them exert their potential as best as they could.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.431-450
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• 2011

효과적인 수학 교수 학습 방안의 하나로 형성평가에 주목하였으나 수업에서 형성평가를 실시하고 그에 따른 피드백을 주는 일련의 과정을 체계적으로 다루는 연구는 부족한 것으로 보인다. 이에 본 연구에서는 CRESST 형성평가 프로그램을 하나의 모형으로 채택한 후 우리나라 실정에 맞게 수정하여 중학교 1학년 수준별 수업에 적용함으로써 수준별 수업에 따른 CRESST 형성평가 프로그램의 효과를 분석하였다. 또한 그 결과를 바탕으로 수학 교수 학습 방안을 개선하기 위한 교육적 논의와 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.666-675
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 자기 주도적 학습을 위한 웹기반 수준별 학습 자료를 설계 ${\cdot}$ 개발하고 이를 현장에 적용하여 그 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 제7차 교육과정 고등학교 과학10의 ‘일기와 기후’ 단원을 기본 학습자료와 심화 ${\cdot}$ 보충형 학습자료로 설계 ${\cdot}$ 개발하고 이를 적용하여 그 효과를 전통적 수업과 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 웹 기반수준별 학습은 전통적 수업보다 학생들의 자기 주도적 학습특성 중 자아개념, 학습열성, 미래지향성, 창의성, 자기 평가력에 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었으며 이는 학습자가 주어진 학습체제와의 다양한 교류를 통하여 필요한 정보와 지식을 획득하는 웹 학습의 특성 때문인 것으로 보인다. 웹 기반 수준별 학습이 자기 주도적 학습특성에 미치는 효과를 학습능력별로 살펴본 결과, 학습자의 학습능력 수준에는 무관한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 웹 기반 수준별 학습은 전통적 수업보다 학생들의 과학성취도에 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었으며 학습능력 수준이 중위이상인 학습자들에게 더 효과적이었다. 이러한 연구의 결과를 고려할 때, 하위수준 학습자들의 학업성취도를 높이기 위해서는 보충학습의 내용을 더 구체적으로 구성하고 경로 면에서 학습자 편의성을 높이는 웹 설계가 필요하다. 셋째, 웹 기반 수준별 학습에 대한 학습자들의 인식 결과를 보면 시각적 효과와 화면 구성에 대하여 긍정적인 평가를 하였다. 또한 학습 경험을 계획하고 필요한 자원을 자신만의 경로로 찾아서 학습하는 자기 주도적 학습이 수준별 학습에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 응답하였다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2008

Innate immune response is initiated by the recognition of unique microbial molecular patterns through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The purpose of this study is to dissect the expression of various PRRs in gingival epithelial cells of differentiated versus undifferentiated states. Differentiation of immortalized human gingival epithelial HOK-16B cells was induced by culture in the presence of high $Ca^{2+}$ at increased cell density. The expression levels of various PRRs in HOK-16B cells were examined by realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of human beta defensins (HBDs) was examined by real time RT-PCR and the amounts of secreted cytokines were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In undifferentiated HOK-16B cells, NACHT-LRR-PYDcontaining protein (NALP) 2 was expressed most abundantly, and toll like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) 1, and NOD2 were expressed in substantial levels. However, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, ICE protease-activating factor (IPAF), and NALP6 were hardly expressed. In differentiated cells, the levels of NOD2, NALP2, and TLR4 were different from those in undifferentiated cells at RNA but not at protein levels. Interestingly, differentiated cells expressed the increased levels of HBD-1 and -3 but secreted reduced amount of IL-8. In conclusion, the repertoire of PRRs expressed by gingival epithelial cells is limited, and undifferentiated and differentiated cells express similar levels of PRRs.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2011

As the existing paradigm of consumption has changed, companies have been actively engaged in targeting culture-oriented emotion, creating added values through appealing to customers' emotion and improving the values of culture and art. Each company has created differentiated space and inner space to lead trends, and has provided space for various experiences as an innovative marketing area to attract customers and promote consumption. In this aspect, we should focus on space marketing which considers cultural background or emotion as a main target Therefore, this study selected a cultural program as a strategic means to identify space marketing in terms of experience. The study speculated marketing in terms of space experience and analysed space for cultural programs with differentiated experiences in order to use the results as basic data for identifying the marketing values of the cultural programs and their uses. The results of the study are presented as follows: when space experience is a factor of marketing and the cultural program is a tactic in terms of marketing, their specific relations are speculated through a certain module. The order of using the cultural program for space experience, features of space representation and tactics for experience were different and the strategies evoked very complicated and mixed experiences.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to assert the necessity of family business education and suggest the family business education program. For this purpose, curricula of entrepreneurship program, family business program in business school and of extension center of college of human ecology are compared. Two programs in the former are on the basis of management curriculum. But family business program in business school focuses the system and characteristics of family business and is short term program compared with the entrepreneurship program emphasizes the new venture and is well-developed. And family business program in college of human ecology is not differentiated from that in business school. Through these analysis, this study suggests the program which considers the importance of the family function as well as the business function in family business. So, family business program contains following three courses; family resource management, business management and entrepreneur process.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.511-529
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to identify the needs assessment for urban agricultural program. The findings were as follows; Citizens at urban cities said that educational program of 'shortage of farming technology education' should be developed, and wanted to be given 'farming technology' of urban agriculture education area more than other education areas. The citizens asked for urban agricultural program with both theories and practice education than existing urban agricultural program that relied upon basic theory education. And, they wanted urban agricultural program that was based on 'farming technology' to consist of practice education and theory education at the ratio of 80 and 20 and to be professional and differentiated. The citizens preferred 3 to 6 months of education period the most, and more than 95 percent of them wanted to join the program when it is developed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 1989

A computer program which can differentiate compounds whose absorbance spectra are very similar was developed. The program. [SPECMAN PLUS], written in Pascal provides automated spectral comparison techniques, utilizing the values of Root Mean of Squares (RMS) of differences. This comparison routine of the program can deal with spectra of compounds different concentrations and different spectral recording resolutions. In addition, the program was designed applicable to any spectral data of digital form. The program was applied to the UV spectra of 13 pencillins and 5 cephalosporins, whose absorbance spectra are so similar. As a result, all compounds examined could be differentiated from each other.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.207-218
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• 2011

초등 수학 영재교육에서 학생들의 개인차, 학생들의 흥미와 관심, 수준별 교육, 수학적으로 능동적인 학습자의 특징 등과 같은 개념들이 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 본 연구는 초등 영재교육에서 영재학생들의 개인차를 고려한 수학 수업의 가능성을 모색한 연구로, 영재학생들의 개인차를 고려하여 수업을 진행할 수 있도록 개별화 수업 모형을 연구하였으며, 이 모형에 따른 수학 영재 학습 자료를 개발하였다. 그리고 개별화 수업의 효과를 영재학생들의 자기주도 학습능력의 변화, 학습 만족도를 통하여 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 수학 영재교육의 다양한 수업 모형 개발 및 적용, 개별화 수업의 활성화에 관련된 후속 연구의 기초 자료가 될 것으로 보인다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3199-3209
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• 2015

우리나라는 1983년에 최초로 절충교역 제도를 도입하여, 국방 전력 증가를 위한 수단 등으로 중요하게 활용하고 있다. 특히, 최근 절충교역을 수행하거나 참여를 원하는 업체들은 증가하고 있지만, 절충교역과 관련된 연구는 제도 개선 및 기술가치평가 등이 주를 이루고 있으며, 절충교역의 주요한 참여자인 절충교역 수행 업체 진단 및 차별화 전략 제시 관련 연구는 부족하다. 본 논문에서는 이에 착안하여 절충교역을 수행한 업체들에 대한 진단 및 차별화된 전략 도출을 위한 연구 프레임워크를 제시하고자 한다. 추가적으로, 제시한 연구 프레임워크를 실제 절충교역을 수행한 업체들에 적용하여 활용성 및 타당성에 대해 살펴본다. 한편, 연구 프레임워크는 크게 성과지표 도출, 만족도함수 및 AHP를 이용하여 각 성과지표에 대한 평가 그리고 IPA를 이용한 전략 도출 과정으로 구성된다.