• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.168-176
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of family leisure ritual and positive negative outcomes of family leisure ritual on marital satisfaction of the married. A survey questionnaire was completed by 216 married people. SPSS Win program was used to perform MANOVA and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. The main study findings are as follows. (1)In the family leisure rituals, the main activity was 'going out in the suburbs' and the main difficulty was 'lack of mutually available time for all family members'. (2)The family leisure ritual was significantly different according to age. Over 30 years participated in more family leisure ritual than over 50 years. The positive negative outcomes of family leisure ritual were significantly different according to gender. Men evaluated more positive outcomes of family leisure ritual than women whereas women evaluated more negative outcomes of family leisure ritual than men. (3)The family leisure ritual and positive negative outcomes of family leisure ritual affected marital satisfaction. This study indicated that it is necessary to make a positive outcome effort of family leisure ritual for increasing marital satisfaction in the married.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.205-219
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analysis of food adaptation and dietary behavior of marriage migrant women in according to their acculturation type, and find out their relationship. The survey was conducted by well-trained researchers using questionnaires translated into English, Chinese and Vietnamese. Food adaptional score was the highest in the assimilation type, and the separation type was the lowest. Dietary behavioral score in daily intake of milk and dairy foods was the highest in the assimilation type. There were positive correlations occurred between food adaptional score and dietary behavioral score, and also, between food adaptional score and assimilation score. Analysis of structural equation models shows that only assimilation affects food adaptational score, and food adaptational score affects the improvement of dietary behavior. In conclusion, marriage migrant women's positive attitude of new cultures, assimilation, might help them not only adapt to new cultures, but food adaptation and right dietary behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.39-45
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• 2019

The aim of this research is to find out how convergent operation of the learning coaching and compensation system affects the academic self-efficiency and learning performance of university students. In the second semester, a compensation system was prepared based on learning coaching and learning outcomes, made a notice in advance, and conducted a survey before and after operation to measure the academic self-efficacy. In addition, the MLST-II Learning Strategy Diagnosis Examination was conducted on G university students to diagnose the learning tendency. As a result, although G University students felt a reluctance by coaching the learning community and expected negative results during the course of participation in the learning community due to low motivation and low expectation of results, they showed a significant improvement in academic self-efficiency and learning outcomes. Therefore, even students with negative learning tendency will need to consider how to operate these programs in the educational field, as the expert's learning coaching and compensation systems produce positive results for students' academic self-efficiency and learning outcomes rather than leaving them to autonomy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.804-811
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• 2008

Purpose : Childhood obesity is a problem that places a child at great risk for becoming an obese adult. To prevent obesity, it is important to focus on early life risk factors that may contribute to childhood obesity. The aim of this study is to find obesity-causing infantile risk factors in preschool children. Methods : A total of 223 children aged 3 to 5 years old from Busan were the subjects of this study. We calculated their body mass index (BMI) and classified them into two groups (normal weight and overweight/obese children). Information regarding parental weight and height, mother's educational level and employment status, birth weight, feeding patterns, start time of weaning, duration of night feeding, and fosterer was obtained by using questionnaires. Results : There were 68 (30.5%) overweight/obese children and 155 (69.5%) normal weight children. Overweight/obese children were significantly associated with formula milk feeding, rapid weight gain during the first 6 months, and maternal obesity (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in paternal obesity, mothers educational level and employment status, birth weight, start time of weaning, duration of night feeding, and fosterer between the normal and overweight/obese children. Conclusion : Although healthy diet and regular exercise will remain the cornerstones of weight management in obese children, our data supports the view that education about maintaining a normal weight could be introduced much earlier in families with high-risk children.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.48-62
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• 2000

Creativity is the most important characteristic and ability in the 21st century. Recently leading people in Korean society are aware of the significance of the enhancement of the creativity. However, Korean students are less likely to take initiative or depart from standard ways of thinking or doing things, because Korean Confucius culture puts an emphasis on collectivism. An individual has an obligation to conform in order to avoid conflict and maintain social harmony. The rule of respecting parents and teachers leads to a lack of self-expression and entails silence. Brainstorming technique developed by American Osbron, who originated the group brainstorming in 1953, is the most popular creative thinking method for the students. Brainstorming technique has two principles : ideation can be more productive if criticism is concurrently excluded; The more ideas the better. In doing BS, each panel should consist of chairperson, an assistant chairperson, recorder, and 10 others including 2-3 females. However there are several problems in doing group BS, such as production blocking, uniformity thinking, evaluation apprehension, and social loafing. This study was undertaken to investigate the proper way of forming Brainstorming groups with Korean students according to the Sasang Constitutional Medicine originated by Korean Lee Je-ma in 1894. Human beings are classified in four group in Sasang Constitutional Medicine : Taeyang-In, Teaum-In, Soyang-In and Soum-In. Two Yang-Ins are more self-expressive : Taeyang-In has very unique ides and thoughts; Soyang-In is very humorous and like to present his/her ideas. On the other hand, two Um-Ins are passive and are not likely to speak out their ideas in group. Therefore, in this investigation firstly, the brainstorming group was formed with two Yang-Ins (Taeyang-In and Soyang-In) and two Um-Ins(Taeum-In and Soum-In) separately and secondly, Yang-Ins and Um-Ins were mixed. And the first method was compared with the second method in terms of the degree of participation of the group members and finally the better grouping method to produce more and better ideas was discussed and suggested for the educational system.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2024

This study examines the direct effects of infant temperament, infant happiness, playfulness, and self-regulation and the mediating effect of playfulness and self-regulation in the relationship between infant temperament and infant happiness, and examines the relationship of influence on infant happiness according to infant temperament. The purpose is to provide theoretical and practical information for promotion. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the activity of infant temperament was found to have a positive effect on infant happiness. Second, the adaptability, activity, and approach-avoidance of children's temperament were found to have a positive effect on playability. Third, the physiological regularity of infant temperament was found to have a positive effect on self-regulation. Fourth, playfulness and self-regulation were found to have a positive effect on children's happiness. Fifth, playfulness was found to play a mediating role between infant temperament adaptability, activity, approach avoidance, and happiness. Sixth, self-regulation was found to play a mediating role between the physiological regularity of infant temperament and infant happiness. In conclusion, this study can improve children's happiness by analyzing the direct effects on children's happiness, playfulness, and self-regulation according to the sub-factors of children's temperament, and the indirect influence of the mediating variables, playability and self-regulation, on children's happiness. It is meaningful in providing theoretical and practical basic data for early childhood care and education by understanding what direction there is.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the workday leisure time of dual-income fathers and mothers with preschool children. Data were gathered from the Statistics Korea Life Time Surveys from 2004(y1) and 2019(y2) (n=2,697). Life time was composed of three types(inevitable time, compulsory time, and leisure time) and leisure time was categorized into 11 activities(voluntarism, participation, social relationships, religion, rituals, culture and tourism, sports, game and play, media, rest, and others) to investigate gender differences and time effects. The major results were as follows: First, both working fathers and mothers with preschool children spent less inevitable time, more compulsory time, and less leisure time, than other adult group. Second, fathers spent more time on 10 leisure activities except religion in y1, and on all activities than mothers in y2. In y2, less time on three activities(social relationships, rituals, and media) for both fathers and mothers, less time on religion for mothers only, more time on two activities(participation, game and play) for both groups were spent than y1. Third, in the regression analysis of fathers' and mothers' leisure time on three leisure activities(sports, game and play, and media) with a distinct pattern from leisure time for adult group between y1 and y2, socioeconomic variables and lifetime variables showed different effects by gender and waves. Based on the results, family policy and programs to improve the work-life balances of working fathers and mothers discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.453-461
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of young children's playfulness between the children's peer competence and their mothers' play beliefs. For this study, 160 mothers and 160 children aged 4-5 years who were in kindergarten and daycare centers in Area J were selected. The collected data were analyzed based on correlation and mediation using SPSS Statistics. The research results are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the relationship between the young children's peer competence and playfulness and their mothers' play beliefs, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between a mother's play-support beliefs and their children's peer competence and playfulness. On the other hand, the relationship between a mother's learning-support beliefs and her child's peer competence and playfulness was not significant. There was a significant positive correlation between playfulness and peer competence in the young children. Second, as a result of verifying the mediating effect of the children's playfulness in the relationship between their mothers' play-support belief and the children's peer competence, we found that playfulness has a partial mediating role.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2000

This study was to develop Korean version of Parenting Stress Scale. Primary research was processed thru Abidin's PSI(Parenting Stress Index) scale. For the pilot primary study, distri-buted questionnaire to the mothers who have three to twelve age children and tried factor analysis with 382 data sheets. At the result, 29 items and 5 factors among the 47 items of child domain, 28 items and 5 factors among the items of parent domain were extracted. At the secondary pilot study survey, reanalyzed the 57 items extracted by primary pilot survey with the 392 data collected from three to six age children's parents. For the item discrimination analysis, calculated item-total correlation and deleted the items under r=.20. For the validity test, reviewed content validity and construct validity. For the verification of construct validity, tried factor analysis. At the result, in child domain area, the four factors, 'Reinforces Parent's, 'Accep-tability', 'Attention Distractiveness', 'Demandingness' and 24 items were extracted. Among the common variance of child domain, 'explained common variance' was 82.05%. In parent domain area, the five factors, 'Restriction of Role', 'Depression', 'Social Isolation', 'Parent Health', 'Spouse Relationship' and 24 items were extracted. Among the common variance of parent domain, 'explained common dominator' was 82.40%. For the verification of reliability, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient was calculated and in child domain, .69, .70, .67, .66 were produced by each item, respectively and total reliability coefficient was ${\alpha}$=.81. Reliability coefficient of parent domain was .73, .70, .70, .55, .73 by each item, respectively and total reliability coefficient was ${\alpha}$=.83. This study was processed as a primary research to develop the Korean version of parent stress scale which is originally from U.S.A. version of PSI and apply it to proper Korean culture. Therefore, the necessity of continuous study was discussed with more localized items and factors.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to classify risk groups according to Caries Risk Assessment (CRA) and to investigate the effect of caries prevention program after 1 year of caries prevention intervention program in 6-year-old infants with high caries risk. The subjects were selected based on responses to CRA questionnaires. At the first visit, oral examination, Cariview, bacteria and saliva flow test were performed. The caries risk group was classified accordingly. The subjects were given fluoride application and oral health education every four months and evaluated the same as the first visit after 1 year. As a result of classifying the risk level according to CRA, more than 80% of the subjects were in the high or extreme high risk. The dft index was increased in all risk groups after the intervention. There was a significant difference between the before and after intervention (p<0.05). The Cariview score showed a slight decrease after the intervention in the moderate and high risk groups. As a result of the evaluation of bacteria test, Streptococcus mutans were decreased to ${\geq}10^5CFU/ml$ saliva after intervention in all groups. Lactobacilli were decreased after intervention in high risk and extreme high risk groups. As a result of saliva flow, there was significant difference between caries risk groups before and after intervention (p<0.05). In conclusion, regular caries management has been shown to influence caries risk factors in high-caries risk children. Also, it is necessary to find out periodical dental risk management system which is suitable for domestic situation through the related studies.