• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study was to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to the stages of change in exercise behavior based on the Transtheoretical Model(TTM) in obese adolescents. A random sample of 517 obese adolescents was recruited in Pusan. The data were collected from June 15 to 30, 2004. The research instruments were Stages of Change for Exercise Behavior, Process of Change, Decisional Balance, and Self-Efficacy. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and ANOVA using SPSS WIN 10.0 program. The results of this study were as follows 1. The subjects were distributed in each stage of exercise behavior: There were 255 subjects($49.3\%$) in the contemplation stage, 131 subjects($25.3\%$) in the preparation stage, 52 subjects($10.1\%$) in the maintenance stage, 41 subjects($7.9\%$) in the action stage, and 38 subjects($7.4\%$) in the precontemplation stage. 2. Analysis of variance showed that cognitive process (F=13.57, p=.000), behavioral process(F=17.23, p=.000), decisional balance pros(F=11.95, p=.000), and self efficacy(F=12.52, p=.000) were significantly associated with the stages of exercise behavior change, but decisional balance cons(F=2.87, p=.023) was not significantly associated with the stages of exercise behavior change. This study can provide useful information for developing effective exercise behavior program considering obese adolescents' stages of change according t'.t the TTM.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.640-647
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of smoking cessation education using the transtheoretical model on the process of change, smoking temptation, decisional balance and stage change transition. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for this study. The study population was 44 male college students in the experimental group and 66 students in the control group. Smoking cessation education was administered to the experimental group at one university. Descriptive analysis, t-test, and ANCOVA were used with the SPSS 19.0 program to analyze the data. Results: After providing a smoking cessation program, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores for self-efficacy for smoking cessation, process of change, and a lower score in decisional balance for pros of smoking and nicotine dependancy compared to the control group two weeks after the pre-test. However, no significant differences were found at four weeks after the pre-test. Conclusion: The findings indicate that this program could have a positive effect on process of change, decisional balance and stage transition for college student smokers.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.587-595
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• 2006

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to differentiate the change in exercise behavior into different stages and to investigate differences in the process of change, self efficacy, decisional balances and depression according to the stages of exercise behavior change among middle aged women in Korea by using the transtheoretical Model. Methods. A convenience sample of 434 middle aged women (40-64 years) completed measures of all transtheoretical model constructs involved in exercise behaviors (stages and processes of exercise behaviors change, self efficacy and decisional balance) and depression. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 10.0 program including descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA. Results. The subjects were distributed in each stage of change in exercise behaviors: pre-contemplation (n = 106; 24.4%), contemplation (n = 126; 29%), preparation (n = 88; 20.3%), action (n = 51; 11.8%), and maintenance (n = 63; 14.5%). The processes of change, pros (advantages of behaviors), self-efficacy and depression were significantly differentiated across the stages of exercise behavior change. Cons(disadvantage of behaviors) was not significantly differentiated across the stages of exercise behavior change. Conclusions. Results of this study suggested that discriminating of processes of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and depression could provide positive information to people about the stages of change in exercise behavior. Therefore, in designing interventions, the stage of a client's exercise behaviors change needs to be assessed prior to application of intervention programs in order to increase and maintain exercise behavior in middle aged women.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2003

Purpose. Despite many smoking cessation programs, many patients with CAD continue to smoke or re-smoke. The processes of change and self-change for smoking cessation is emphasized. The purpose of present study was to investigate decisional balances and processes of change according to stages of change for smoking cessation in the patients with CAD. Methods. This descriptive study was performed using the self-reported questionnaires from 157 male patients with CAD who have smoking experiences. The questionnaires consisted of decisional balances toward smoking (pros/cons) and processes of change including 7 factors. Results. 45.2% of the subjects had myocardial infarction and 54.8% for angina pectoris. Major stages of change were maintenance, contemplation, and precontemplation in 62%, 14%, and 18% respectively. The mean score of pros smoking was 31.07 and cons smoking was 32.52. The mean scores of processes of change were high in all 7 factors, especially in self determination. The pros smoking in precontemplation stage was significantly higher than those in other stages. Between contemplation and precontemplation stages, processes of change showed significant differences in stimulus control, self determination, information management, and dramatic relief. Conclusion. This study suggests that decisional balances and processes of change are stage-specific. As this study, smoking cessation program in the patients with CAD must put priority on the patients group in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages, and stress self determination and dramatic relief.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the related factors of change affecting the stages of change for exercise, on the assumption that there are various stages of change in the exercise behavior of women in nursing college. Methods: The subjects were 496 female college students in D city. The research instruments were stages of change for exercise behavior, the process of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy. The dates were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The distribution of the subjects across the stages was: pre-contemplation, 17.7%; contemplation, 58.7%; preparation, 19.0%; action, 2.8%; maintenance, 1.8%. Analysis of variance showed that cognitive process (F=17.26, p<0.01), behavioral process (F=27.05, p<0.01), the pros of decisional-balance (F=7.07, p<0.01), the cons of decision-balance (F=5.82, p<0.01), and self efficacy (F=17.79, p<0.01) were significantly associated with the change of exercise behavior stages. The related factors of change affecting the change of exercise behavior stage were the cons of decision-making, counter conditioning, self re-evaluation, and body mass index, including 28.4% R-square. Conclusion: The transtheoretical model would be applicable to explain the exercise behavior of some women in nursing college. So, this study will be useful information for developing effective exercise behavior programs considering female students' stages of change.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to different stages of mammography screening based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) and health belief model (HBM). Method: 143 women were recruited from community centers in W city. The mean age was 44.08 (SD=7.78) and 74 (51.7%) had experienced education on preventative behavior related to breast cancer. The Decisional Balance Scale (Pros and Cons of mammography) and Stages of Adoption of Mammography Scale by Rakowski et al. (1992) and the revised Health Belief Model Scale (Perceived Seriousness, Perceived Susceptibility and Health Motivation) by Champion (1993) were used. Result: According to the stage of adoption of mammography, 17.4% of the women were In pre-contemplation, 45.5% in contemplation, 24.5% in action, and 12.6% in maintenance. The mean differences for pros, and the decisional balances between the stages of mammography adoption were significant (F=8.84, p=.000; F=7.20, p=.000). Education related to prevention of breast cancer was the most important variable. Prevention education, history of breast disease and pros of mammography explained the stages of mammography adoption ($R^{2}=26%$). Conclusion: Findings support TTM as a useful tool for improving mammography adherence. Behavioral interventions that target decisional balance and health belief can effectively promote adherence to mammography.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 2004년도 제56차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.74-74
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• 2004

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the process of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy according to the stages of change of exercise on the basis of the Transtheoretical Model in order to investigate factors associated with the change of exercise in adult diabetic patients. Method: Data were collected from January to April 2005. The subjects were 160 patients in the G university hospital and public health center in J city. Results: The entire process of change showed the significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=20.007, p=.000). For each process of change, the Consciousness Raising(F=14.602, p=.000), Dramatic Relief(F=7.751, p=.000), Environmental Re-evaluation(F=11.843, p=.000), Self Re-evaluation(F=16.035, p=.000), Social Liberation(F=10.968, p=.000), Counter-conditioning (F=24.090, p=.000), Helping Relationships(F= 7.625, p=.000), Reinforcement Management(F= 16.693, p=.000), Self Liberation(F=11.990, p= .000) and Stimulus Control(F=4.020, p=.002) demonstrated significant differences depending on the stages of change of exercise. For the decisional balance, the Pros showed the significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=14.121, p=.000). For the self efficacy showed significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=17.137, p=.000). Conclusion: In order to proceed the stage of change of exercise in patients with Diabetes Mellitus, intensive use of a specific process of change, a stage of change matching is needed.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.110-121
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was performed to identify factors associated with drinking behavior using Transtheoretical Model in workers. Method: The study method was a survey of 216 marine shipping metal workers in Koje city from November 11, 2002 to November 30, 2002. Result: The subjects were divided in four stages of drinking behavior: 38.9% in pre contemplation stage, 38.6% in contemplation stage, 17.6% in preparation stage and 7.9% in action & maintenance stage. The amount of drinking was significantly decreased as the workers progressed through each stage. Helping relationships(HR) and Self reevaluation(SR) were identified as the main processes of change in all stages. Self liberation(SEL), Counter conditioning(CC), Helping relationships(HR), Self reevaluation(SR), Dramatic relief (DR) and Social liberation(SL) were used higher than average. The self efficacy score increased as the workers progressed through each stage, but not significantly. The Pros score of decisional balance was the highest in the pre contemplation stage and decreased as the workers progressed through each stage. but not significantly. The Cons score of decisional balance was the highest in the preparation stage, but not significantly in as the workers progressed through each stage. Conclusion: This study can provide the basis of a staged matching alcohol reducing program using TTM for more effective and useful intervention.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the intention of smoking and its related factors in high school students. Methods: Our study subjects were 1,203 high school students who resided in one city and in one county region. We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey from June 7 to June 19, 2004. Both the decisional balance and temptation inventory showed high reliability estimates. We provided good fit for the 12-item decisional balance inventory and the 10-item temptation inventory by using a confirmatory factor analysis. We also used multiple logistic regression analysis to identify the major contributing factors for the intention to start smoking. Results: On the univariate analysis, the subjects who were female, the 2nd and 3rd grade students, the students in vocational high school, the ex-drinkers or current drinkers, and ex-smokers were found to be significantly more distributed in the groups with intention to start smoking. Except for the concept of the cons, the group with intention to start smoking showed significantly higher standardized T scores for the 7 concepts of decisional balance and temptations. On the multiple logistic regression analysis, the females, the 2nd and 3rd grade students, the students in vocational high school, the experience of cigarette smoking and low T score of the cons were significantly related to the intention to start smoking. Conclusions: The intention to start smoking in high school students was affected by various factors such as gender, the school grade and the experience of smoking. Therefore, further research should be conducted for providing the essential data for developing a brief instrument for selecting the groups with intention of starting smoking among adolescents.