• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.71-73
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• 2011

다기능 선박조종시뮬레이터(Full-mission Shiphandling Simulator)는 항해사, 선장 및 도선사의 자질 향상을 위한 교육뿐만 아니라 항만개발을 위한 사전 검토와 해난사고 발생 시, 원인규명을 위한 분석에도 이용되고 있다. 한국해양수산연수원에서는 이러한 목적을 위하여 2011년 2월 28일 Russia Transas 제품의 선박조종시뮬레이터를 설치 완료 하였다. 이 FMSS는 적어도 360도의 수평시각을 가진 대형 구형화면에 여섯(6) 자유도 운동을 하는 본선 및 타선을 실시간으로 표현하는 photo-realistic high resolution computer graphic visual system과 같은 최신기술을 사용하는 가장 현대화된 최고급 해상용 시뮬레이터로 해난 사고 윈인규명을 위한 분석 연구 목적을 위하여 광범위한 출처로부터 모델시험과 자료의 신뢰할만한 공식적 기록들에 근거한 매우 정확한 수력학적 선박 모델링 소프트웨어로 이루어졌다. 여기서는 이 FMSS의 형태와 복잡성을 상세하게 소개한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 1995

Substituted 3-phenyl-1-silabutanes, 3-chlorophenyl-1-silabutane (1), 3-tolyl-1-silabutane (2), and 3-phenoxyphenyl-1-silabutane (3), were prepared in 68-98% yield by reduction of the corresponding substituted 3-phenyl-1,1-dichloro-1-silabutanes with LiAlH4. The dehydrogenative homopolymerization and copolymerization of the silanes were performed with Cp2MCl2/Red-Al (M=Ti, Hf) catalyst system. The molecular weights of the resulting polymers were in the of range 600 to 1100 (vs polystyrene) with degree of polymerization (DP) of 5 to 8 and polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.6 to 3.8. The monomer silanes underwent the dehydrogenative polymerization with Cp2TiCl2/Red-Al catalyst to produce somewhat higher molecular weight polysilanes compared with Cp2HfCl2/Red-Al catalyst.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.620-626
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• 2004

For general nonlinear processes, it is difficult to control with a linear model-based control method and nonlinear controls are considered. Among the numerous approaches suggested, the most rigorous approach is to use dynamic optimization. Many general engineering problems like control, scheduling, planning etc. are expressed by functional optimization problem and most of them can be changed into dynamic programming (DP) problems. However the DP problems are used in just few cases because as the size of the problem grows, the dynamic programming approach is suffered from the burden of calculation which is called as 'curse of dimensionality'. In order to avoid this problem, the Neuro-Dynamic Programming (NDP) approach is proposed by Bertsekas and Tsitsiklis (1996). To get the solution of seriously nonlinear process control, the interest in NDP approach is enlarged and NDP algorithm is applied to diverse areas such as retailing, finance, inventory management, communication networks, etc. and it has been extended to chemical engineering parts. In the NDP approach, we select the optimal control input policy to minimize the value of cost which is calculated by the sum of current stage cost and future stages cost starting from the next state. The cost value is related with a weight square sum of error and input movement. During the calculation of optimal input policy, if the approximate cost function by using simulation data is utilized with Bellman iteration, the burden of calculation can be relieved and the curse of dimensionality problem of DP can be overcome. It is very important issue how to construct the cost-to-go function which has a good approximate performance. The neural network is one of the eager learning methods and it works as a global approximator to cost-to-go function. In this algorithm, the training of neural network is important and difficult part, and it gives significant effect on the performance of control. To avoid the difficulty in neural network training, the lazy learning method like k-nearest neighbor method can be exploited. The training is unnecessary for this method but requires more computation time and greater data storage. The pH neutralization process has long been taken as a representative benchmark problem of nonlin ar chemical process control due to its nonlinearity and time-varying nature. In this study, the NDP algorithm was applied to pH neutralization process. At first, the pH neutralization process control to use NDP algorithm was performed through simulations with various approximators. The global and local approximators are used for NDP calculation. After that, the verification of NDP in real system was made by pH neutralization experiment. The control results by NDP algorithm was compared with those by the PI controller which is traditionally used, in both simulations and experiments. From the comparison of results, the control by NDP algorithm showed faster and better control performance than PI controller. In addition to that, the control by NDP algorithm showed the good results when it applied to the cases with disturbances and multiple set point changes.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 가변어휘 단어 인식기에 사용하기 위한 개선된 MLP 기반 영어 발음사전 생성기를 제안한다. 가변어휘 단어 인식기는 인식대상 도메인이 수시로 바뀌는 상황에서 현재의 인식 도메인에 의해 결정되는 임의의 한국어 어휘들에 대해 처리 할 수 있다. 이 시스템을 영어 단어에 대해서도 처리할 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 미리 정의된 사전에 포함할 수 없는 영어 고유명사와 같은 단어의 발음열을 구할 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 영어 발음사전 생성기를 구현하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 각 자소를 음소로 변환해 주는 문맥종속 다층 퍼셉트론 구조를 제안한다. 각 자소별 다층 퍼셉트론을 훈련하기 위해서는 표준 발음사전으로부터 각 자소에 대응하는 음소 학습용 데이터를 준비해야 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 적절한 거리척도를 사용하는 동적 프로그래밍 알고리즘을 사용한다. 훈련 및 평가를 위한 데이터로는 116,191개 영어 단어의 발음사전을 사용하였다. 평가 결과 각각 30～50개의 히든 노드를 가지는 26개 자소별 MLP와 예외 자소 발음사전을 가지고 표준 발음사전에 대하여 72.8%의 단어 정확도를 얻었으며, 이것은 기존의 규칙 에 기반한 발음사전 생성의 정확도인 24.0% 보다 매우 우수한 결과임을 보여주었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2013

직렬형 하이브리드 자동차는 구조가 간단하고 단품들의 효율이 높기 때문에 연비성능이 우수하며, 병렬형과 비교하여 배터리, 엔진, 모터의 용량이 상대적으로 고용량인 특징을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 직렬형 하이브리드 자동차의 최적용량매칭을 통해 최적의 연비를 도출하고, 실시간 시뮬레이션 환경에서 사용될 알고리즘을 개발한다. 연구에서 진행된 용량매칭은 모터, 엔진/발전기 및 배터리를 대상으로 13개 주행 사이클에 대하여 순차적으로 이루어 졌으며, 이를 위해 Matlab 환경에서 최적화 기법인 DP(Dynamic Programming)을 사용하였다. 실시간 성능검증을 위한 차량모델은 Simulink 및 AMEsim을 기반으로 개발되었고 실시간 제어로직이 구현된 RCP(Rapid Control Proto-typing)와 연동하여 그 성능을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2016

This study focuses on the formation of input release lots in a semiconductor wafer fabrication facility. After the order-lot pegging process assigns lots in the fab to orders and calculates the required quantity of wafers for each product type to meet customers' orders, the decisions on the formation of input release lots should be made to minimize the production costs of the release lots. Since the number of lots being processed in the wafer fab directly is related to the productivity of the wafer fab, the input lot formation is crucial process to reduce the production costs as well as to improve the efficiency of the wafer fab. Here, the input lot formation occurs before every shift begins in the semiconductor wafer fab. When input quantities (of wafers) for product types are given from results of the order-lot pegging process, lots to be released into the wafer fab should be formed satisfying the lot size requirements. Here, the production cost of a homogeneous lot of the same type of product is less than that of a heterogeneous lot that will be split into the number of lots according to their product types after passing the branch point during the wafer fabrication process. Also, more production cost occurs if a lot becomes more heterogeneous. We developed a multi-dimensional dynamic programming algorithm for the input lot formation problem and showed how to apply the algorithm to solve the problem optimally with an example problem instance. It is necessary to reduce the number of states at each stage in the DP algorithm for practical use. Also, we can apply the proposed DP algorithm together with lot release rules such as CONWIP and UNIFORM.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.737-742
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• 2011

주행문제는 불확실한 외란의 영향을 받는 이동로봇 등의 시스템에 대하여 각종 제약조건들을 만족하도록 하는 제어 입력을 결정하는 과제를 포함한다. 이러한 과제는 제약조건을 갖는 확률 제어 문제로 모델링될 수 있다. 이러한 종류의 제어문제를 풀기 위하여, 최적 가치함수 개념에 의존하는 동적 계획법의 활용을 시도해볼 수 있다. 하지만, 대부분의 실제 문제에서 이러한 시도는 많은 어려움, 예컨대, 시스템의 완벽한 모델이 알려지지 않거나, 최적 제어정책을 구하기 위한 계산이 불가능하거나, 수없이 많은 계산 자원을 필요로 하는 등의 문제점을 안겨줄 수 있다. 이러한 동적 계획법의 어려움을 극복하기 위한 전략으로, 근사적 가치함수에 의존하여 준최적 제어정책을 구하는 근사적 동적 계획법을 사용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근에 제시된 근사 동적 계획법들을 복잡한 제약조건을 갖는 주행 문제에 적용하여 보고 그 결과로 얻어지는 성능 특성을 관찰해 본다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2012

This study is to investigate the effects of Chinemys reevesii (CR) on allergic inflammation mechanism related chronic dermatitis. To investigate the effects of CR, we study inhibitory effect of CR on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from RAW 264.7 cell stimulated with lipopolysaccaride (LPS), and EoL-1, THP-1, Jutkat cell stimulated with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), and LPS induced acute inflammatory BALB/c mouse model. CR reduced the levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ released from RAW 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS at 20 ug/ml, 10 ug/ml concentration. CR significantly reduced the levels of MCP-1 released from EoL-1 cell, IL-6 from THP-1 cell, and IL-4, IL-5, TNF-${\alpha}$ from Jutkat cell stimulated with DP at all the concentration. CR significantly reduced the levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, in LPS induced inflammatory BALB/c mouse model, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that CR has suppressive effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines in various inflammation related cell lines through the regulation of immune system. CR could be a therapeutic agent for treatment of chronic inflammatory dermatitis in the future.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2011

Recently, several problems have occurred in the space, infra-structure, and facility of the contiguity of existing harbors due to the trend of enlarged container vessels. In this regard, the Mobile Harbor has been proposed conceptually in this study as an effective solution for these problems. The concept is that of a transfer loader that transfers containers from a large container ship to the harbor on land, and is a catamaran type floating barge. The catamaran-type vessel is well known for its advantage in maneuverability, resistance, and effectiveness for working on board. For the safe and effective operation of the two floating bodies (a container ship and the mobile harbor in the near sea detached from the quay), robot arms, novel crane systems, and pneumatic fenders are specially devised with an additional mooring facility or DP (dynamic positioning) system. In this study, this concept is to be verified through comparison and simulation studies under various environmental conditions. It is shown that the proposed concept is in general feasible but there are several areas for further investigation and improvement.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.109.1-109.1
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• 2012

In the past few years, two-planet circumbinary systems (e.g., HW Vir, NN Ser, DP Leo and HU Aqr) have been detected around short-period eclipsing binaries using ground-based telescopes. The existence of these planets has been inferred by interpreting the O-C variations of the mid-eclipse times. We have tested the orbital stability of these systems and propose to use Light Travel Time Effect (LITE) to detect such circumbinary planets from the ground. We generated synthetically the LITE signal of a two-planet circumbinary system with the aim to apply an analytic LITE model to recover the underlying synthetic system. To mimic a degree of realism inherent to ground-based observations, we added to the synthetic LITE data white noise with a Gaussian distribution and sampled the synthetic LITE signal randomly. We successfully recovered the original system demonstrating that two-planet circumbinary systems can be detected using ground-based telescopes, provided the timing measurements of the mid-eclipses are sufficiently accurate and the observing baseline is long enough to ensure a sufficient coverage of all involved periods. We used HU Aqr as a test system and applied our model to its proposed planetary bodies considering near-circular orbits. We present the results of our calculations and discuss the LITE-detectability of a HU Aqr-like system.