• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1683-1688
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• 2008

Lactobacillus casei 3260 (L. casei 3260) was evaluated in relation to the inflammatory response mediated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in Raw264.7 macrophage cells. The treatment of Raw264.7 cells with L. casei 3260 significantly inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and prostaglandins $E_{2}\;(PGE_{2})$, followed by suppression of COX-2. To clarify the molecular mechanism, the inhibitory effect of L. casei 3260 on the NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway was examined based on the luciferase reporter activity. Although the treatment of Raw264.7 cells with L. casei 3260 did not affect the transcriptional activity of NF-${\kappa}B$, it did inhibit NF-${\kappa}B$ activation, as determined by the cytosolic p65 release and degradation of I-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$. Therefore, these findings suggest that the suppression of COX-2 through inhibiting the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation by LPS may be associated with the antiinflammatory effects of L. casei 3260 on Raw264.7 cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1572-1578
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• 2008

In previous report, Seungmagalgeun-tang (SGT) could exert its anti-inflammatory actions in the BV-2 microglial cells. However, study on the anti-inflammatory effect of SGT in mast cells has not been identified. Therefore, we examined on the anti-inflammatory effect of SGT on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187-induced rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. SGT inhibited the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and secretion and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-4 on RBL-2H3 cells, without affecting cell viability. The protein expression level of nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ (p65) was decreased in the nucleus by SGT. In addition, SGT suppressed the degradation of inhibitory protein $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ protein, the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA and protein level in RBL-2H3 cells. These results suggest that SGT could be involved anti-allergic effect by control of NF-${\kappa}B$ (p65) translocation into the nucleus through inhibition of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation and suppression of COX-2 expression.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.82-82
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• 2001

Previously, several prenylated flavonoids having a C-8 lavandulyl moiety were found to inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) as well as 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and sophoraflavanone G was the most potent inhibitor against these eicosanoid generating enzymes among the prenylated flavonoids tested. In this investigation, effects of sophoraflavanone G on COX-2 induction from RAW 264.7 cells and in vivo inflammatory response were studied. Sophoraflavanone G inhibited prostaglandin E$_2$(PGE$_2$) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW cells by COX-2 down-regulation without significantly affecting COX-2 activity at 1 50 $\mu$M. Other prenylated flavonoids including kuraridin and sanggenon D also down-regulated COX-2 induction at 10-25 $\mu$M, lirhile kurarinone and echinoisoflavanone did not. In addition, sophoraflavanone G shelved in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against mouse croton oil-induced ear edema and rat carrageenan paw edema via oral (2-250mg/kg) or topical administration (10 - 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ear). Although the potencies of inhibition were far less than that of a reference drug, prednisolone, this compound showed higher anti-inflammato교 activity when applied topically, suggesting a potential use for several eicosanoid-related skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1048-1054
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• 2002

Silsosangami(SSG) is a formula of oriental medicines as an effective biological response modifier for augmenting host homeostasis of body circulation. Also SSG has been known to have an anti-diabetic activity and anti-platelet aggregation activity. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of a new SSG on murine macrophage and human neutrophil functions as well as on several enzymes relevant to the inflammatory process. The results of the present study indicate that SSG exerts anti-inflammatory effects related to the inhibition of neutrophil functions and of PGE2 production, which could be due to a decreased expression of and COX-2.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.124-135
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• 2007

Backgrounds : Scutellaria baicalensis has been used as a medicinal plant to treat various disease conditions accompanying inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis against inflammatory, pain and edema Methods : In vitro, the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation were investigated in mouse BV2 microglial cells. In vivo, the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis on acetic acid-induced writhing response, carrageenan-induced edema and the plantar test (nociceptive thermal stimulation) were investigated using rats and mice. Results : The present results showed that pre-treatment with the aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 expressions in mouse BV2 microglial cells. The aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal pain in mice and also reduced thermal pain in rats. However, no significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced edema in rats. Conclusions : The present study showed that Scutellaria baicalensis possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2011

In this study, we found that Forsythiae fructus (FF) and one of its main compounds, arctigenin, significantly inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Arctigenin also suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38. Moreover, it also reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin $1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ and prostaglandin E2, and inhibited neuronal death in LPS-treated organotypic hippocampal cultures. Therefore, we suggest that arctigenin may confer a neuroprotective effect via the inhibition of neuroinflammation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2009

4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, a phenolic compound found in a variety of natural sources, was previously shown to contain anti-inflammatory and related anti-angiogenic and anti-nociceptive activities. The present work was designed to assess some pharmacological activities of 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHD), an analogue of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. DHD exhibited a significant inhibition in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis, and its $IC_{50}$ value was $2.4\;{\mu}g/egg$. DHD also contained in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using acetic acid-induced permeability and carrageenan-induced air pouch models in mice. In the air pouch model, DHD showed significant suppression in exudate volume, number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and nitrite content. DHD showed an anti-nociceptive activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. It also suppressed enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) and elevated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. It was able to slightly decrease the level of reactive oxygen species in the stimulated macrophages. DHD at the used concentrations couldn't modulate the viabilities of RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, like 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, DHD contains anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.180-186
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• 2008

이상의 연구 결과에 의하면 U937 세포에서 FSB 및 TFS 모두 2 mg/ml의 농도에서 6시간까지는 세포증식에 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였고 PMA 처리에 의해서도 세포증식에는 변화가 없었으며, 세포의 형태 및 핵의 형태도 PMA와 FSB 및 TFS의 처리에 의해서 아무런 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 COX-2의 발현의 정도는 PMA 처리에 의해서 증가하였고, 이렇게 증가한 COX-2는 FSB 및 TFS의 선처리에 의해서 효과적으로 억제되는 것으로 나타났다 또한 COX-2에 의해 생성되어 염증반응을 유발하며 세포분열이나 증식에 영향을 줌으로서 각종 질병의 유발과 진행에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있는 $PGE_2$의 경우도 PMA처리에 의하여 증가하였으며 FSB 및 TFS 처리에 의해서 강하게 억제되었다. 특히 FSB에 비하여 TFS를 선처리하였을 경우 PMA에 의하여 과발현된 COX-2 및 $PGE_2$ 생성의 억제정도가 더 강하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 FSB 및 TFS의 항염증기전 해석을 위한 이해와 향후 지속적인 연구를 위한 귀중한 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.388-395
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 콩 발효 산물 추출물의 항염증 효능에 관한 기초 자료를 제시하기 위하여 PMA에 의해 유도되는 COX-2의 발현 및 $PGE_2$의 생성 증가에 미치는 이들 추출물의 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 3가지 콩 발효 산물은 PMA에 의한 COX-2의 발현 증가를 매우 유의적으로 차단하였으며, 이는 $PGE_2$의 생성 억제와 연관성이 있었다. 아울러 PMA에 의한 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성 증가 또한 콩 발효 산물들에 의하여 유의적으로 억제되었다. 이러한 결과들은 콩 발효 산물에 의한 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성의 억제가 COX-2의 발현을 저하시켰으며, 이로 인한 $PGE_2$의 생성이 억제된 것으로 추정되어진다. 이러한 콩 발효 산물의 항염증 효과는 대두 추출물보다 아가콩 추출물에서 더욱 효과가 높게 나타났으며, 이는 향후 아가콩 추출물은 염증성 질환 예방/치료를 위한 적용 가능성이 매우 우수함을 제시하여 주는 결과이다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.75-88
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• 2007

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Hominis placenta Herbal acupuncture on rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We investigated the Type II collagen-induced arthritis test, vascular permeability test, phenyl benzoquinone-induced writhing test, hot plate test, carbon clearance test, determination of prostaglandin $E_2$ content and cyclooxygenase-2 activity test. Results : Hominis placenta Herbal acupuncture suppressed Type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice and vascular permeability with 10.2% inhibition in ICR mice. We see the phenyl benzoquinone-induced writhing test and the hot plate test in the analgesic activity test. In the phenyl benzoquinone-induced writhing test, Hominis placenta Herbal acupuncture showed that it increased its analgesic effect more than the control(test?) by 85.5%. In the hot plate test, it was also shown that the analgesic effect increased more than the control(test) by 32.1%. In the carbon clearance test, the immuno-stimulatory effect showed more than the control(test) by 8.0%. The formation of prostaglandin $E_2$ was also reduced more than the control(test) by 10.1%. Finally, cyclooxygenase-2 activity was inhibitedwith 36.3%. Conclusions : Hominis placenta Herbal acupuncture may be useful for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis after injection.